The Blood Test Bank Docx Ch.26 7th Edition

Student name:__________

1) The clumping of red blood cells following a blood transfusion is __________.

2) Monocytes and lymphocytes do not have granules in their cytoplasm and are two types of __________.

3) When there are not enough red blood cells or hemoglobin in the blood to carry an adequate amount of oxygen to the body's cells, the person has the condition called __________.

4) The white blood cells called __________ release substances such as histamine, which promotes inflammation, and heparin, which is an anticoagulant.

5) The liver uses an orange pigment called __________ to make bile needed for the digestion of fats.

6) When a red blood cell is destroyed, a pigment is released from that cell called __________.

7) Hemoglobin that is not carrying oxygen is called deoxyhemoglobin, and because it may now carry carbon dioxide, it is also called __________.

8) There are different types of lipoproteins found in blood. They include very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and __________.

9) When a blood clot replaces the platelet plug at the site of a blood vessel injury, the process is called blood __________.

10) The granules in the cytoplasm of granulocytes include neutrophils, __________, and basophils.

11) Blood plasma proteins called __________ are used to transport lipids and some fat-soluble vitamins.

12) White blood cells (WBCs), which also are called leukocytes, are divided into two categories: __________ and agranulocytes.

13) Most blood cells are produced in red bone marrow by cells called __________.

14) In __________ anemia, red blood cells are destroyed faster than they can be made.

15) A condition in which the bone marrow produces a large number of abnormal white blood cells is __________.

16) White blood cells (WBCs) also are called __________.

17) If a patient has a white blood cell count above 10,000 cells per cubic millimeter of blood, the patient has __________ and probably has a bacterial infection.

18) A white blood cell count that is below normal is called __________.

19) Because lipids are not water-soluble and because plasma is mostly water, lipids must combine with molecules called __________ to be transported.

20) The white blood cells that provide immunity for the body are the __________.

21) Platelets come from cells called __________, which are found in red bone marrow.

22) Hemoglobin that is carrying oxygen is called __________ and is bright red in color.

23) The __________ antigen is a protein first discovered on red blood cells of the Rhesus monkey. It is important for women to know if they are positive or negative for this protein.

24) Erythroblastosis fetalis is prevented by giving an Rh-negative woman the drug __________, which prevents an Rh-negative mother from making antibodies against the Rh antigen.

25) The fluid that is left when all clotting factors are removed from plasma is called __________.

26) An inherited form of anemia in which a defective hemoglobin chain causes microcytic, hypochromic, short-lived red blood cells is __________.

27) Platelets that are important in the blood-clotting process also are called __________.

28) The second Rh-positive child born to an Rh-negative mother may develop a condition called __________ if the mother is not given the drug RhoGAM to prevent her from making antibodies against the Rh antigen.

29) Another name for red blood cells (RBCs) is __________.

30) The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of blood is called the __________.

31) Approximately 55% of the blood in a healthy person is made up of __________.

32) The inability to absorb vitamin B₁₂ is called __________ anemia.

33) Bloodletting for the purpose of reducing the thickness of a person's blood is known as __________ phlebotomy.

34) Mature RBCs contain a pigment called __________.

35) There are three major types of proteins in plasma: globulins, fibrinogens, and __________.

36) The percentage of red blood cells found in a sample of blood is called the __________.

A) WBC
B) RBC
C) hematocrit
D) differential
E) serum

37) Plasma makes up what percentage of the blood?

A) 25%
B) 35%
C) 45%
D) 55%
E) 65%

38) The production of RBCs in the blood is controlled by which hormone?

A) thyroxin
B) oxyhemoglobin
C) cortisol
D) erythropoietin
E) oxytocin

39) Red blood cells live for approximately __________.

A) one month
B) two months
C) four months
D) six months
E) one year

40) Bacteria and viruses are destroyed by white blood cells called __________.

A) eosinophils
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) erythrocytes

41) Parasitic infections can be controlled by which of these WBCs?

A) eosinophils
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) monocytes

42) Which of these WBCs release histamine and heparin and promote inflammation?

A) eosinophils
B) neutrophils
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) monocytes

43) A bacterial infection has been present in a patient for about 2 weeks if the WBC differential shows __________.

A) elevated eosinophils
B) elevated monocytes
C) elevated neutrophils
D) decreased basophils
E) decreased neutrophils

44) Which of the following would the medical provider expect a patient with AIDS to have?

A) decreased granulocytes
B) decreased monocytes
C) increased erythrocytes
D) decreased lymphocytes
E) decreased erythrocytes

45) Some WBCs leave the blood vessels by a mechanism called __________.

A) osmosis
B) diffusion
C) diapedesis
D) osmotic pressure
E) filtration

46) Blood platelets are essential for __________.

A) carrying oxygen
B) maintaining blood volume
C) clotting
D) maintaining blood pressure
E) reducing inflammation

47) When blood coagulates on a vessel wall in the absence of a known injury, it is correctly referred to as __________.

A) an embolus
B) hemostasis
C) a clot
D) a thrombus
E) agglutination

48) When a part of a thrombus breaks off, it is referred to as __________.

A) an embolus
B) hemostasis
C) a clot
D) a thrombus
E) agglutination

49) An embolus is dangerous because it can eventually become lodged in a small artery in the __________.

A) liver
B) lungs
C) intestines
D) stomach
E) kidneys

50) Which of the following occurs when mismatched blood is given to a patient?

A) The patient will die.
B) The blood received will be destroyed.
C) The blood will turn yellow.
D) The blood will fail to circulate properly.
E) No major problem will result.

51) People with which blood type are universal recipients?

A) A
B) Rh-negative
C) Rh-positive
D) O
E) AB

52) People with which blood type are universal donors?

A) Rh-positive
B) Rh-negative
C) B
D) AB
E) O

53) People with which blood type can receive only one type of blood?

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O
E) Rh-positive

54) A woman of childbearing age should know her Rh type because if she is Rh-negative and conceives a child that is Rh-positive, __________.

A) her first pregnancy could prove fatal to her
B) her first infant will have erythroblastosis fetalis
C) her second baby will have erythroblastosis fetalis
D) she will need blood transfusions after delivery
E) her second pregnancy could prove fatal to her

55) Globulins are plasma proteins that __________.

A) pull water into the blood
B) transport lipids and some vitamins
C) aid in blood clotting
D) maintain the blood pressure
E) help control bleeding

56) Fibrinogen is a plasma protein that __________.

A) pulls water into the blood
B) transports lipids
C) aids in blood clotting
D) transports some vitamins
E) maintains the blood pressure

57) When a blood vessel is broken, what is the body's first response?

A) platelet plug formation
B) vasodilation
C) smooth muscle contraction
D) blood coagulation
E) blood clot formation

58) Jose, an 11-year-old child, was involved in a serious automobile accident and has lost a lot of blood. The licensed practitioner in the emergency room tells his mother that he will need a blood transfusion. The mother becomes frantic, saying that Jose has a “rare” blood type, AB, and she doesn’t know if they will be able to match it. What would be the practitioner’s best response to Jose’s mother?

A) "That is a rare type, but we can probably match it."
B) "Most people with type AB blood can receive blood from any blood type."
C) "If necessary, we will have blood brought in from another hospital."
D) "Type AB is the most common type of blood."
E) "People with type AB blood are called universal donors."

59) Tina is a 47-year-old patient who has recently begun experiencing dizziness and shortness of breath. She gets frequent headaches. After the initial exam, the practitioner orders several blood tests. The results of the tests indicate that Tina has polycythemia vera, a disease of the bone marrow that results in an abnormally high number of blood cells, especially red blood cells, causing the blood to thicken. Which of the following treatment courses would you expect the practitioner to pursue with Tina?

A) blood transfusions
B) bone marrow transplants
C) radiation therapy
D) stem cell transplant
E) therapeutic phlebotomy

60) Beth is a 16-year-old patient whose mother has brought her to the office because Beth is always complaining of being tired. Beth tells you that she has frequent headaches, and her feet are always cold. Her blood pressure is 100/64, and her heart rate is 84. When you ask if her menstrual periods are normal, she says she bleeds heavily for 7 or 8 days each month. Which of the following conditions might you suspect?

A) polycythemia vera
B) iron-deficient anemia
C) thalassemia
D) leukemia
E) sickle-cell anemia

61) The formation of a blood clot is called __________.

A) agglutination
B) hemostasis
C) coagulation
D) diapedesis
E) hemolysis

62) Blood clots are formed from __________, which sticks to the damaged area of the blood vessel, creating a mesh that entraps blood cells and platelets.

A) fibrin
B) albumin
C) globulin
D) serum
E) urea

63) If an embolus lodges in a coronary artery, it may cause __________.

A) a stroke
B) pulmonary embolism
C) high blood pressure
D) pericarditis
E) myocardial infarction

64) The most likely result of agglutination following a blood transfusion is __________.

A) cerebrovascular accident
B) severe anemia
C) pulmonary embolism
D) myocardial infarction
E) polycythemia vera

65) Harold has A-positive blood. He is receiving a series of blood transfusions to treat anemia caused by AIDS. The local blood bank is running low on type A blood. If necessary, which other blood type can Harold receive?

A) A-negative
B) B-positive
C) AB-positive
D) AB-negative
E) O-positive

66) Which of the following individuals is most at risk for erythroblastosis fetalis?

A) an Rh-positive mother
B) an Rh-negative mother
C) an Rh-negative father
D) the first Rh-negative fetus born to an Rh-positive mother
E) the second Rh-positive fetus born to an Rh-negative mother

67) If a fetus develops erythroblastosis fetalis, what medical intervention is often required at birth?

A) multiple blood transfusions
B) supplemental oxygen
C) intravenous antibiotics
D) UV light therapy
E) RhoGAM injections

68) The most common cause of anemia is __________.

A) vitamin deficiency
B) kidney failure
C) AIDS
D) iron deficiency
E) chronic illness

69) Which of the following populations is most affected by sickle cell anemia?

A) Caucasians
B) Asians
C) African Americans
D) Latino Americans
E) Native Americans

70) Which of the following is a sign or symptom of sickle cell anemia?

A) reddened skin
B) fever
C) nausea
D) delayed growth
E) excessive sweating

71) About how much blood does the average adult body contain?

A) 1 to 2 liters
B) 2 to 4 liters
C) 4 to 6 liters
D) 6 to 8 liters
E) 8 to 10 liters

72) Which of the following is considered a normal WBC count?

A) 2,600 cells
B) 3,800 cells
C) 6,700 cells
D) 11,200 cells
E) 12,300 cells

73) Which of the following patients is most likely to have thalassemia?

A) a patient of Mediterranean descent
B) a native American
C) a Latino American
D) a Caucasian male
E) a Caucasian female

74) Which abbreviation is used for the term hemoglobin?

A) RBC
B) Hct
C) Hgb
D) CBC
E) WBC

75) Which of the following is the smallest of the plasma proteins that pull water into the bloodstream to help maintain blood pressure?

A) fibrinogen
B) albumins
C) globulins
D) platelets
E) thrombocytes