Exam Prep The Corrections Experience For Staff Chapter.14 - Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e by Mary K. Stohr. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 14: The Corrections Experience for Staff
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is not a defining characteristic of a profession?
a. Formal on the job training
b. Educational attainment
c. A clear and detailed job description
d. Pay that is commensurate with the work
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction: What is a Profession?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Discretion is defined as:
a. the ability to make choices and to act or not act on them.
b. the ability to distinguish between right and wrong.
c. the ability to make informed decisions on the basis of ideology and folk-knowledge.
d. Making ill-informed choices that are not based on experience.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Jails continue to hold in the neighborhood of ______ of their capacity.
a. 82%
b. 78%
c. 54%
d. Over 100%
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. From 1980s to 2008, there was almost what percentage increase in direct expenditures for corrections agencies?
a. 100%
b. 303%
c. 567%
d. 600%
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Current scholars in corrections use the term hack to refer to:
a. correctional officers who have attained professional degrees.
b. psychologists who work in the correctional system.
c. prisoners who run cons on correctional officers and other prisoners.
d. guards who rule a prison by brute force.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Stohr suggests that a general continuum of correctional professionalism across the field in relation to pay, from most professionalized to least, would likely read:
a. jail, community corrections, and public prisons
b. community corrections, public prisons, and jail
c. public prisons, jail, and community corrections
d. community corrections, jail, and public prisons
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Police officers at both the state and local level are paid almost ______ more per year than correctional officers.
a. US$2,500
b. US$7,000
c. US$16,000
d. US$40,000
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. The human service role of corrections workers is exemplified by which of the following activities?
a. Providing goods and services and advocating for offenders
b. Not becoming involved in offender rehabilitation and adjustment
c. Being a cynical and alienated keeper of inmates
d. Using brute force to control inmates
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. The gender differences by level and type of facility very closely align with
a. pay differences.
b. benefit differences.
c. religious differences.
d. cultural differences.
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Which incident was stopped after only a few days due to unethical issues arising?
a. San Diego correctional experiment
b. Abu Ghraib scandal
c. Stanford prison experiment
d. Sadul Grabi scandal
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. What term did Dahl (1961) define as being able to “get people to do what they otherwise wouldn’t?”
a. Profession
b. Discretion
c. Experience
d. Power
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. During which incident were prisoners tortured by mostly untrained “correctional officers” by making them sleep naked, crawl on the floor, and pose in pyramids naked?
a. San Diego correctional experiment
b. Abu Ghraib scandal
c. Stanford prison experiment
d. Sadul Grabi scandal
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. The typical correctional job ______ requirements for formal training or structured experience than other professions.
a. has more
b. has lesser
c. has equal
d. none of these
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Which of the following were identified as concerns regarding unionization for corrections personnel?
a. It limits the ability to fire incompetent people.
b. The contracts are too restrictive.
c. Incarceration rates go up to create jobs.
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Collective Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. By far most employees of state and local governments are employed in ______.
a. education
b. hospitals
c. police
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the difference in pay for state and local unionized and nonunionized workers can go to a high of
a. $2
b. $4
c. $8
d. $12
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Collective Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. The majority of correctional officers work in
a. state and local facilities
b. federal and state facilities
c. federal and local facilities
d. local, state, and federal facilities
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. _____, who are almost as likely to be female, are paid the least.
a. Federal correctional officers
b. Private-facility correctional officers
c. State correctional officers
d. Local-facility correctional officers
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. The Stanford prison experiment took place in:
a. 1970
b. 1971
c. 1972
d. 1973
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Which of the following groups took place in the Stanford prison experiment?
a. Students
b. Police Officers
c. Corrections Officers
d. Average citizens
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The Abu Ghraib military prison is located in which of the following countries?
a. Turkey
b. Iraq
c. Egypt
d. Saudi Arabia
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Which of the following areindividual-level factor that can affect the correctional workplace?
a. Race
b. Age
c. Prior military service
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Race or Ethnicity and Gender
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. The Abu Ghraib scandal took place in:
a. 2000
b. 2004
c. 2008
d. 2012
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Gresham Sykes (1958) describes the relationship between staff and inmates and notes that the staff need inmates to comply with orders, as it would be difficult, if not impossible, to force them to do what they otherwise wouldn’t. What he is referring to is known as:
a. The defects of total power
b. Stress
c. Collective bargaining
d. The abuse of power
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Defects of Total Power
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Negotiations used by union workers that seek benefit provisions from employers is known as:
a. defects of total power
b. stress
c. collective bargaining
d. abuse of power
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Collective Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. Issues such as working late night shifts and weekends all the time can wreak havoc on personal lives and create:
a. defects of total power
b. stress
c. collective bargaining
d. abuse of power
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Staff Stress, Burnout, and Turnover
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. What involves right or wrong behavior on the job?
a. Ethics
b. Turnover
c. Use of force
d. Abuse of power
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethics
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. What is more likely to occur in environments where staff is not supervised closely enough by administrators and where inmates have little or no ability to contact the outside, among other things?
a. Ethics
b. Turnover
c. Use of force
d. Abuse of power
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abuse of Power
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Which of the following was identified as one of the reasons cited why people who work in corrections might find it gratifying?
a. It is a booming industry.
b. People might want to make a difference in others’ lives.
c. Those attracted to the work are curious about the human psyche.
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Perceived Benefits of Correctional Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
30. In her study of staff members supervising a cottage of boys in a juvenile training facility, what did Inderbitzin (2006) find regarding the different role correctional officers take when supervising children?
a. That their role does not change from the type of role they take on in adult facilities.
b. That they serve as their adolescent inmates’ guardians, keepers, counselors, and role models.
c. That the staff members who were most effective were those who took on a hack role.
d. That staff members disliked working with these juveniles in the study.
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Correctional Role When Supervising Children
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. How many characteristics typify a profession?
a. 5
b. 7
c. 10
d. 12
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction: What is A Profession?
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. In 2005, what percentage of women worked in federal facilities?
a. 5%
b. 13%
c. 15%
d. 18%
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. In 2005, what percentage of men worked in federal facilities?
a. 13%
b. 75%
c. 87%
d. 95%
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. What term is used when referring to security staff in correctional facilities?
a. shire reeves
b. sheriffs
c. guards
d. correctional officers
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction: What is A Profession?
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. A profession is typified by which of the following characteristics?
a. prior educational attainment involving college
b. informal training
c. freelance and contract work
d. work that is guided on personal judgement
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction: What is A Profession?
Difficulty Level: Medium
36. Which of the following are more likely to earn a higher salary?
a. correctional officers and jailers
b. probation officers
c. treatment specialists
d. police and sheriffs
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. Which of the following individuals is more likely to earn less than the others?
a. Christopher a sheriff
b. Fred a probation officer
c. Susan a jailer
d. Christine a police officer
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. Which of the following are components of professionalization?
a. more education
b. more pay
c. more training
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. The push to privative correctional and law enforcement work began in the
a. 1970s
b. 1980s
c. 1990s
d. 2000s
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Growth in Staff and Clients or Inmates
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Which of the following types of institutions generally has less cause for use of force?
a. minimum-security
b. medium-security
c. maximum-security
d. supermax
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Use of Force
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. A profession is typified by two characteristics.
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction: What is A Profession?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Many probation and parole officers must have a college degree or at least some college to qualify for the job.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. In the Abu Ghraib scandal of 2004, prisoners were tortured by mostly untrained “correctional officers.”
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The typical correctional job has lesser requirements for formal training or structured experience.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Police departments usually train new recruits from an average of 19 weeks.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. When a college degree is required for a job in corrections, it is specifically a criminal justice degree.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. As a means of preventing such abuses, correctional agencies will often adopt an ethics code
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethics
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed and modified in 1976 to include gender.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Ethics
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Some correctional agencies will hire as young as 16.
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Correctional agencies do not typically have an upper age limit for hiring.
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Age
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Prior military experience is considered favorably by correctional agencies seeking to hire.
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prior Military Service
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Correctional officers working in a living unit in a medium security prison have similar role as probation officers working with lower level offenders in the community.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role Defined
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Probation officers are in constant contact with court actors, prosecutors, police officers, and jail workers.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Role Defined
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Street-level bureaucrats are entry-level public sector workers with not enough work.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Street-Level Bureaucrats
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. As the correctional workplace has diversified, so has the importance of race on perceptions of workers and their labor.
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Race or Ethnicity and Gender
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. The hack role serves as a more positive role model for inmates and other officers.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Subcultural values in the correctional setting are likely to have an effect on what staff do.
Learning Objective: 14-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Subcultural Values
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Correctional staff moved to unionize as a means of gaining power vis-à-vis administrators.
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Collective Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. The abuse of power is more likely to occur in environments where staff behavior is not supervised closely enough by administrators.
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Abuse of Power
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Aiding your coworker and doing your work is an example of a positive subcultural value.
Learning Objective: 14-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Subcultural Values
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. What is a profession?
Learning Objective: 14-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction: What is A Profession?
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. What was the Stanford Prison Experiment?
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. What was the Abu Ghraib scandal?
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. What is the difference between the hack and human service role?
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Name four individual level factors that influence the correctional work place.
Learning Objective: 14-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Race or Ethnicity and Gender
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Name the two main roles that staff can take when working in a correctional institution.
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Define subculture.
Learning Objective: 14-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. What is power?
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Provide an example of a subcultural value that is likely to be expressed by an inmate.
Learning Objective: 14-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Subcultural Values
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. What is a street-level bureaucrat?
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Street-Level Bureucrats
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Compare and contrast the benefits and concerns regarding collective bargaining in corrections.
Learning Objective: 14-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Collective Bargaining
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Discuss and explain the two roles that correctional staff can take on. Give an example of a situation in which each role would be warranted?
Learning Objective: 14-5: Identify what correctional roles are.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Hack Versus Human Service
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Discuss and explain the ethical issues that arose during the Stanford prison experiment. What implications did this experiment have on future issues and discussions of correctional work?
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Stanford Prison Experiment
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Discuss and explain the ethical issues that arose during the Abu Ghraib scandal of 2004.
Learning Objective: 14-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Abu Ghraib
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What are the perceived benefits of correctional work?
Learning Objective: 14-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Perceived Benefits of Correctional Work
Difficulty Level: Medium
Document Information
Connected Book
Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e
By Mary K. Stohr