Ch13 Correctional Organizations And Their Complete Test Bank - Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e by Mary K. Stohr. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 13: Correctional Organizations and their Management
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. ______ refers to one or more persons who have formal control over an organization, or the act or process of operating the organization.
a. Management
b. Bureaucracy
c. Human Relations
d. Total Institutions
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. The work of community corrections officers is governed by which of the following?
a. Legal requirements
b. Court decrees
c. Rules and procedures
d. All of these
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. In a total institution, all aspects of life, such as ______ are conducted under one figurative roof.
a. eating
b. sleeping
c. working
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Total Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. The ______ is the public face of the organization.
a. open institution
b. closed institution
c. formal organization
d. informal organization
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Formal and Informal Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. ______ determines through observation who is the “first rate” worker who does the work in the “one best way.”
a. Management
b. Scientific management
c. Human relations
d. Human resource management
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Scientific management was first proposed in:
a. 1900
b. 1911
c. 1920
d. 1930
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. A flatter and fatter organization posits that people are motivated to do their best work in organizations where:
a. power is distributed across positions.
b. management listens to workers who know their jobs.
c. people work in teams.
d. all of these.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. In ______ management, power is concentrated at the top.
a. scientific
b. traditional
c. flatter
d. fatter
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Some of the newer theories are more than ______ years old.
a. 20
b. 50
c. 70
d. 90
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Higher-level needs include which of the following?
a. food
b. water
c. security
d. love
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Which of the following is an example of a higher need?
a. Sex
b. Self-esteem
c. Food
d. Security
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. According to Maslow, people are first motivated by lower-level needs, such as
a. physical safety, security, provision for old age
b. food, water, and sex
c. low, self esteem, and self-actualization
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Which of the following theories posits that people want to work, they want a say in that work, they want to do interesting things in their work, and to make a difference with their work.
a. X
b. Y
c. Z
d. None of these
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. Theory Z was proposed in:
a. 1981
b. 1983
c. 1985
d. 1987
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. A kind of organizational structure most used in corrections that can be distilled down to three elements of structure is known as (a)n:
a. hierarchy
b. specialization
c. bureaucracy
d. rule of law
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Which of the following is an element of structure in a bureaucracy?
a. Hierarchy
b. Specialization
c. Rule of law
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Which of the following refers to when the sectors of the pyramid below the leader are segmented to concentrate on different aspects of the work, particularly as it becomes more complicated and requires specific skills and abilities?
a. Power
b. Hierarchy
c. Specialization
d. Rule of law
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Which of the following refers to the formal rules, procedures, and laws governing agency operations?
a. Power
b. Hierarchy
c. Specialization
d. Rule of law
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Which of the following refers to the pyramidal shape of the organization, with one person, the leader, at the top and an expanding number of people below him or her at each level of the organization?
a. Power
b. Hierarchy
c. Specialization
d. Rule of law
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
20. Which institutions are separated from their outside environments, and unaffected by those environments, to some extent?
a. Closed
b. Total
c. Discreet
d. Full
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Closed and Open Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. What type of institutions are those in which the formal and distinct roles of staff and inmates are sacrosanct, and each must stay separate from the other?
a. Closed
b. Total
c. Open
d. Full
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Total Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. Which of the following is an extension of Theory Z?
a. Scientific management
b. Total quality management
c. Management by objections
d. Learning organizations
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
23. What might be defined as the norms, values, beliefs, history, traditions, and language held and practiced by an organization?
a. Organizational culture
b. Role
c. Socialization
d. Power
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Under ______, workers collaboratively set their work objectives with management.
a. Management by Objections
b. Learning Organizations
c. Theory Z
d. Total quality management
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Which of the following organizations encourage education and training for their workers, promote risk-taking and the publication of mistakes by members so that all might learn from them, and open up their doors to evaluation by outside entities so that they might critically assess how they do their work?
a. Closed institutions
b. Learning organizations
c. Open institutions
d. Total organizations
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. Leadership involves which of the following?
a. Organizing
b. Innovating
c. Communicating
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Leadership and Why It Matters
Difficulty Level: Easy
27 In what year did Governor Brown ordered a major realignment in corrections in California in response to a lawsuit about the overcrowding of prisons in the state.
a. 2000
b. 2009
c. 2011
d. 2013
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Responses to Realignment
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Corrections and other criminal justice organizations adopted ways to improve communications through the use of which of the following teams?
a. Training
b. Forecasting
c. Problem-solving
d. all of these
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. Which of the following was identified as a leader?
a. Bailiffs
b. Court clerks
c. Wardens
d. Police recruits
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Leadership and Why It Matters
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. What term can be defined as the norms, values, beliefs, history, traditions, and language held and practiced by a group of people?
a. Role
b. Organizational culture
c. Power
d. Subculture
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Some have promoted the use of _____ as a means of subverting the restrictions of a hierarchy.
a. classification
b. training
c. cross-rank
d. forecasting
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership and Why It Matters
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. At the top of the organizational chart for a prison, you will find a
a. judge
b. corrections officer
c. warden
d. sheriff
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. At the top of the organizational chart for a jail, you will most often find a
a. judge
b. corrections officer
c. warden
d. sheriff
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Bureaucracies were created to increase
a. transparency
b. effectiveness
c. equity
d. efficiency
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. _____ are separated from their outside environments and unaffected by those environments, to some extent.
a. Open institutions
b. Closed institutions
c. Total institutions
d. Formal organizations
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Closed and Open Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. _____ are those that are fully part of their communities, both dependent on and responsive to them, and that are affected by their outside environment.
a. Open institutions
b. Closed institutions
c. Total institutions
d. Formal organizations
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Closed and Open Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. The _____ is often hidden from the public, even clients, but known, at least in part, by its employees.
a. open institution
b. informal organization
c. total institution
d. formal organization
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formal and Informal Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. Being paid by the product produced is referred to as the
a. success rate.
b. crime rate.
c. exchange rate.
d. piece rate.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. Under ______, workers are analogous to machines.
a. scientific management
b. flatter and fatter organizations
c. management by objections
d. theory Z
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. _____ proponents argue that the greater the involvement of workers or teams in developing and delivering on organizational goals, the higher the level of commitment ot the achievement of the goals.
a. scientific management
b. flatter and fatter organizations
c. management by objections
d. theory Z
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. People tend to think that all jails, probation and parole departments and prisons are alike.
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Most correctional institutions and programs are not shaped like a bureaucracy.
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Bureaucracies were created to increase the efficiency of workers and the uniformity of their work.
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Communication is not central to its effective function.
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Communications in correctional organizations are complicated.
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Under traditional theories of management a leader was thought to rule from the top of the organizational chart with all power and communication flowing from him to the underlings down below.
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Leadership and Why It Matters
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Every organization has its own culture, which makes it distinct and that helps to define how the work is done.
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Total quality management is an extension of Theory X.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Theory Z combines some elements of both traditional and human relations theories of management.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Theory X is the traditional theory of management as represented by only Bureaucracy
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Hierarchy of Needs and are known as human relations theories.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. In traditional management, power is more distributed across positions.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Correctional organizations are structured as bureaucracies.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The informal organization is often hidden from the public.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Formal and Informal Organizations
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. The informal organizational culture may not be written down, except perhaps in e-mails and texts, but it is often as powerful in determining how an organization is operated as the formal culture is.
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Formal culture manifests itself in the stories, jokes, cautionary tales, gossip, and rumors that are told.
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. If communication is blocked or garbled, then the smooth operation of the facility is compromised.
Learning Objective: 13-3: Examine what leadership styles are and why leaders often have to adjust their styles to fit the circumstances they face.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Communication
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Theory Z argues Under total quality management, people work harder to achieve goals they had a hand in choosing.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Participatory management occurs when employees are allowed to have a say in what they do and how they do their work.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human-Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. The term management by objectives is given to organizations that encourage education and training for their workers.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
Short Answer
1. What is a bureaucracy?
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. What is a closed institution?
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Closed and Open Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. What is a total institution?
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Total Institutions
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Define subculture.
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Define organizational culture.
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. What is participatory management?
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. What is scientific management?
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Traditional Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Discuss Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. What is total quality management?
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. What is management by objectives?
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Combining Traditional and Human-Relations Theories
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Compare and contrast closed institutions and total institutions. Which prison do you think runs more effectively? Why?
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Closed and Open Institutions
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. What does the scholarly research on organization research reveal?
Learning Objective: 13-4: Identify what a subculture is and how it affects the workplace.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Organizational Culture
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Compare and contrast formal and informal organizations.
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Formal and Informal Organizations
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. What is a flatter and fatter organization?
Learning Objective: 13-2: Explain how both traditional and human-relations theories of management apply to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Human Relations Theories of Management
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. Discuss the hierarchy scale of a bureaucracy.
Learning Objective: 13-1: Define what the terms bureaucracy, closed institution, and total institution mean and how they relate to corrections.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Bureaucracies
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Complete Test Bank | Corrections Policy to Practice 2e
By Mary K. Stohr