Exam Prep nan Chapter.31 Animal Organization And Homeostasis

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 31 Animal Organization and Homeostasis

1) What type of fiber accounts for the strength of various connective tissues?

A) elastic

B) collagen

C) actin

D) reticular

2) What type of tissue is striated, contains cells with one nucleus, and is not under voluntary control?

A) skeletal muscle

B) smooth muscle

C) cardiac muscle

D) nervous tissue

3) Which of the following is the most complex level of organization?

A) cardiovascular system

B) brain

C) columnar epithelium

D) heart

E) lungs

4) The correct sequence of increasing organizational complexity is

A) organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism.

B) cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism.

C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism.

D) organism, tissue, cell, organ system, organ.

E) tissue, cell, organ system, organism, organ.

5) What type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?

A) muscle tissue

B) nervous tissue

C) epithelial tissue

D) connective tissue

6) What type of tissue contracts and accounts for movements of organs or the entire body?

A) muscle tissue

B) nervous tissue

C) epithelial tissue

D) connective tissue

7) ________ is responsible for receiving, interpreting, and producing a response to stimuli.

A) Muscle tissue

B) Nervous tissue

C) Epithelial tissue

D) Connective tissue

8) What type of tissue is bone and cartilage?

A) muscle tissue

B) nervous tissue

C) epithelial tissue

D) connective tissue

9) The epidermis consists of

A) stratified squamous epithelial cells.

B) collagen fibers.

C) elastic fibers.

D) adipose tissue.

10) What tissue type is characterized by being a transport medium for nutrients and also includes blood and adipose tissues?

A) muscle tissue

B) nervous tissue

C) epithelial tissue

D) connective tissue

11) Which organ system does NOT play a role in acquiring materials and energy?

A) cardiovascular

B) skeletal

C) muscular

D) digestive

12) Which of the following statements about epithelial tissue is NOT true?

A) Squamous epithelium is composed of flattened cells.

B) Columnar epithelium is cube-shaped with the nucleus near the upper surface of the cells.

C) Simple epithelia have only a single layer of cells.

D) Pseudostratified epithelium looks like it has multiple layers, but all the cells are attached to the basement membrane.

E) Epithelium lining the respiratory tract contains cilia that move particles along its surface.

13) A thin layer of protein, within epithelial tissue, that anchors the epithelium to the extracellular matrix is the

A) basement membrane.

B) plasma membrane.

C) compact bone.

D) hyaline cartilage.

E) neuroglia.

14) An average person has about ________ neurons.

A) 100,000

B) 1 trillion

C) 2 million

D) 1 billion

15) All of the following are functions of connective tissue EXCEPT to

A) line body cavities and cover surfaces.

B) bind and support body parts.

C) store energy as fat.

D) fill spaces.

E) produce blood cells.

16) Which statement about connective tissue is NOT true?

A) Loose connective tissue contains fibroblasts, different types of fiber, and a nonliving matrix.

B) Fibrous connective tissue includes bone and cartilage.

C) Blood is a connective tissue that contains a fluid matrix.

D) Adipose tissue provides insulation and padding in organs such as the skin.

17) Which of the following features would be found in the epidermis layer of the skin?

A) stratified squamous epithelium, cells produce keratin, contain melanocytes, offers a layer of protection against bacteria

B) stratified cuboidal epithelium, cells produce keratin, contain melanocytes, offers a layer of protection against bacteria

C) stratified squamous epithelium, cells produce keratin, contains a large amount of adipose tissue, offers a layer of protection against bacteria

D) composed of collagen fibers, cells produce keratin, contain melanocytes, offers a layer of protection against bacteria

E) stratified squamous epithelium, contains specialized nerve endings, offers a layer of protection against injury

18) Which is NOT a structure seen in compact bone?

A) cylindrical structural units called osteons (Haversian systems)

B) central canals containing blood vessels and nerves

C) osteocytes located within lacunae

D) bony bars and plates with irregular spaces between them

E) thin extensions of bone cells within canaliculi

19) Which statement is NOT true about cartilage?

A) Cartilage cells are located in small spaces called lacunae.

B) The matrix of cartilage includes calcium salts.

C) The matrix of cartilage is both solid and flexible.

D) The human fetal skeleton is made up of cartilage.

E) Adult bodies possess structures that are made up of cartilage such as the nose, ear, and pads between the vertebrae in the backbone.

20) White blood cells fight infection by

A) transporting large amounts of oxygen to the infected area.

B) engulfing infectious pathogens and making antibodies.

C) increasing platelet production and forming a plug to seal off the area.

D) producing antibiotics that will kill bacteria and fungi.

21) Skeletal muscle

A) is made of extremely small cells with one nucleus.

B) is not under voluntary control.

C) is found in the walls of the intestines and stomach.

D) has bands of actin and myosin filaments perpendicular to the length of the cell that produce contractions.

22) What are the main features of melanocytes?

A) Melanocytes are found in the dermis and they produce melanin when exposed to UV light. The melanin is then distributed to epidermal cells.

B) Melanocytes are found in the epidermis and they produce melanin when exposed to UV light. The melanin is then distributed to epidermal cells.

C) Melanocytes are found in the epidermis and they produce melanin when exposed to UV light. The melanin is then distributed to dermal cells.

D) Melanocytes are found in the hypodermis and they produce melanin when exposed to UV light. The melanin is then distributed to epidermal cells.

23) What is most likely to occur when an individual is exposed to UV radiation?

A) The melanocytes will produce melanin, the melanin is distributed into epidermal cells, a steroid is converted into vitamin D and stem cells can mutate leading to cancer.

B) The melanin will produce melanocytes, the melanocytes are then distributed into epidermal cells, a steroid is converted into vitamin D and stem cells can mutate leading to cancer.

C) The melanocytes will produce melanin, the melanin is distributed into dermal cells, a steroid is converted into vitamin D and stem cells can mutate leading to cancer.

D) The melanocytes will produce melanin, the melanin is distributed into epidermal cells, vitamin D is converted into a steroid and stem cells can mutate leading to cancer.

24) Which statement is NOT true about nervous tissue?

A) Cells in the nervous system that conduct electrical impulses are called neurons.

B) Neuroglia support and protect neurons.

C) The dendrites carry electrical impulses away from the cell body of the neuron.

D) Nerve fibers are long axons covered by a myelin sheath.

E) Neuroglia provide neurons with nutrients and keep them free of cellular debris.

25) Which of the following is a function of the skin?

A) protecting underlying body parts from physical trauma

B) preventing water loss

C) thermoregulation

D) monitor touch, pressure, temperature, and pain

E) All of the answer choices are functions of the skin

26) ________ make(s) up more than half the volume of the brain.

A) Neurons

B) Neuroglia

C) Nerves

D) Intercalated disks

E) Hyaline cartilage

27) What is the body's response to a rise in temperature above 37.0 degrees C?

A) Blood vessels in the skin begin to dilate which increases blood flow to the surface of the skin. Environmental variables will help decrease the temperature of the blood. The nervous system also activates the sweat glands which help decrease temperature.

B) Blood vessels in the skin begin to constrict which increases blood flow to the surface of the skin. Environmental variables will help decrease the temperature of the blood. The nervous system also activates the sweat glands which help decrease temperature.

C) Blood vessels in the skin begin to dilate which increases blood flow to the surface of the skin. Environmental variables will help decrease the temperature of the blood. The heart rate decreases in an attempt to slow down blood flow.

D) Blood vessels in the skin begin to dilate which decreases blood flow to the surface of the skin. Environmental variables will help decrease the temperature of the blood. The heart rate increases in an attempt to slow down blood flow.

E) Blood vessels in the skin begin to dilate which increases blood flow to the surface of the skin. Environmental variables will help decrease the temperature of the blood. The nervous system will deactivate the sweat glands to help decrease body temperature.

28) Which type of tissues would be damaged if someone was in a car accident and they had their kidney ruptured due to the force of the impact?

A) squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, smooth muscle and neural tissues

B) pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, smooth muscle and neural tissues

C) squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, skeletal muscle and neural tissues

D) squamous epithelium, cuboidal epithelium, fibrocartilage and neural tissues

29) Which of the following functions performed by the skin would be lost or seriously compromised if someone suffered a severe burn over most of the body?

A) prevention of heat and water loss

B) prevention of massive and continuous infection from invasion by external bacteria, viruses, and parasites

C) production of sweat that evaporates and cools the body when it is overheating

D) conversion, in the presence of ultraviolet light, of precursor molecules to vitamin D

E) All of these are vital functions of the skin and would be compromised.

30) If you wash your skin and hair several times a day, you will soon have dry skin that easily cracks and bleeds because the oils you have removed are necessary to keep the skin supple. This oil is

A) pili secreted by arrectors.

B) lymph secreted by lymphatic ducts.

C) sebum secreted by sweat glands.

D) sebum secreted by sebaceous glands.

E) salty sweat secreted by sweat glands.

31) Which organs are located in the ventral cavity of the body?

A) stomach, liver, heart and bladder

B) stomach, liver, heart and spinal cord

C) small intestine, brain, lungs and kidneys

D) All of the choices are correct.

E) None of the choices are correct.

32) At one time it was thought to be impossible to operate within the body cavities. Then the Canadian doctor, William Beaumont, operated on a patient with a gunshot wound to the stomach. A few decades later came breakthroughs in heart operations and transplants. The 1990s was called the decade of the brain because of the extensive research being done on how the brain functions. Name the body cavities associated with these breakthroughs in order. 

A) abdominal-thoracic-dorsal.

B) abdominal-dorsal-thoracic.

C) dorsal-thoracic-abdominal.

D) thoracic-abdominal-dorsal.

E) thoracic-dorsal-abdominal.

33) During fertilization in humans, sperm reach the egg by traveling through the vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes. In which body cavity does the sperm locate the egg ?

A) abdominal cavity

B) pleural cavity

C) pelvic cavity

D) pericardial cavity

E) dorsal body cavity (cerebral-spinal)

34) The level of carbon dioxide in the blood is monitored by nerve tissue. If you exercise strenuously, the increase in cellular respiration consumes oxygen from the blood and produces surplus carbon dioxide removed in the blood. Since this physical exertion requires faster breathing to replenish oxygen supplies and carry away carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide sensors result in signals from the brain to increase breathing rate. After you have rested, and carbon dioxide levels are back to normal, your breathing rate decreases too. This is an example of

A) a response to a sensory impulse that causes a muscle or gland to react.

B) a negative feedback loop that stimulates a response similar to the stimulus.

C) a positive feedback loop that stimulates a response opposite to the stimulus.

D) the dynamic interplay between events that tend to change the internal environment and events that tend to keep it the same.

E) the dynamic interplay between events that tend to change the internal environment and events that tend to increase the changes.

35) Homeostasis is the

A) negative feedback loop that stimulates a response similar to the stimulus.

B) dynamic interplay between events that tend to change the external environment and events that tend to keep it the same.

C) the acquisition, transformation and use of energy.

D) maintenance of normal internal conditions by means of self-regulating mechanisms.

36) Which of the following statements concerning homeostasis in body temperature is NOT true? The body reacts to

A) heat by stimulating the sweat glands.

B) cold by contracting skeletal muscles in shivering.

C) cold by rerouting blood away from the skin.

D) heat by constricting the blood vessels in the skin.

E) All of the statements are not true.

37) Exocrine glands that secrete products onto the surface of the skin through ducts are classified as ________ tissue.

A) epithelial

B) connective

C) muscle

D) nervous

38) Which of the following skin derivatives is incorrectly matched with the organism on which it is found?

A) mammals - hair and nails

B) amphibians - epidermal scales

C) fishes - bony scales

D) birds - feathers

39) Which of the following systems / organs is incorrectly matched with its role in maintaining homeostasis?

A) Digestive system - provides nutrient molecules to the cells.

B) Respiratory system - transports oxygen and carbon dioxide to the cells throughout the body.

C) Liver - removes excess glycogen from the blood and stores it as glucose.

D) Pancreas secretes insulin when the body has an elevated blood glucose level.

E) All of the systems / organs listed are correctly matched with their role in maintaining homeostasis.

40) Which is most closely associated with negative feedback?

A) As you continue to turn a faucet handle, more water flows out of it.

B) A child cuts his finger and the blood clotting process begins.

C) As the temperature falls in a house, the heater comes on.

D) As a woman goes into labor, hormones are secreted that stimulate the process.

41) The ________ body cavity will contain the heart, lungs and spleen.

A) ventral

B) cranial

C) dorsal

D) abdominal

E) abdominopelvic

42) Which of the following structures begins in the dermis and extends to the surface of the epidermis?

A) blood vessels

B) nerve fibers

C) hair follicles

D) free nerve endings

Match the terms with the labeled structures on the diagram. 

43) dendrite

44) cell body

45) nucleus

46) axon

47) myelin sheath

Match the terms with their correct definition.  

A) white, fatty material that forms a covering over nerve fibers.

B) the part of a neuron that sends signals toward the cell body

C) a membrane bound organelle within a neuron that contains chromosomes and controls the structure and function of the cell.

D) the part of a neuron that contains the major concentration of the cytoplasm and the nucleus.

E) elongated portion of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body.

48) dendrite

49) cell body

50) nucleus

51) myelin sheath

52) axon

53) The production of red blood cells is regulated by a feedback loop involving erythropoietin. In non-disease states, the production of red blood cells is equal to the destruction of red blood cells, thus maintaining sufficient red blood cells to deliver adequate oxygen to the body's tissues. However, when the number of red blood cells decrease and oxygen levels are low, erythropoietin is produced by the liver and kidneys to increase the production of red blood cells. Is this a positive or negative feedback loop? Explain your answer.

54) In lactation, the more a baby suckles his mother's breast to obtain milk, the more milk is produced. This is an example of a

A) positive feedback loop.

B) negative feedback loop.

C) neutral feedback loop.

D) stimulating feedback loop. 

E) None of these answers is correct. 

55) Stratified epithelium is composed of multiple layers of flattened cells that can often be found in the lining of blood vessels.

56) Name the labeled cavities in the diagram at right and indicate an organ found in each.

57) Homeostasis is ultimately controlled by the nervous system.

58) Both the neural and endocrine systems play a role in coordinating body activities.

59) Snakes, frogs, squirrels, and humans are all classified as being homeothermic.

60) List the major life process that each of the following organ systems carries out: urinary, lymphatic, nervous, and cardiovascular.

61) List the four primary tissue types found in the human body and indicate their main function(s).

62) Describe the problems that are associated with the loss of the epidermal layer of skin due to a burn.