Circulation And Cardiovascular Systems Chapter 32 Test Bank

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 32 Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems

1) Which of the following has a four-chambered heart like humans?

A) birds

B) crocodiles

C) amphibians

D) birds and crocodiles.

E) All of the choices are correct.

2) What would cause you to believe that someone has a heart murmur?

A) an irregular ECG

B) irregular heart sounds instead of sharp lub-dub sounds

C) irregular heart beats

D) low blood pressure

3) Which of these white blood cells are phagocytic?

A) lymphocytes

B) neutrophils

C) macrophages

D) both neutrophils and macrophages

E) both lymphocytes and macrophages

4) Cnidaria and flatworms exchange gases and remove wastes by way of their

A) open circulatory systems.

B) closed circulatory systems.

C) gastrovascular cavities.

D) moist skin surfaces.

E) respiratory and excretory systems.

5) When you step on a cockroach or smash a fly, the blood appears colorless because

A) the blood is enclosed in a closed circulatory system.

B) the blood is actually a colorless hemolymph that carries oxygen on molecules other than reddish hemoglobin.

C) there are no cells in the hemolymph.

D) it does not contain hemoglobin or any other respiratory pigment.

Match the type of circulatory system with the organism in which it is found.

6) Clams and oysters A) Open circulatory system

7) Earthworms B) Closed circulatory system

8) Grasshoppers

9) Which organism has hemoglobin located in the fluid portion of the blood, giving it a red appearance?

A) human

B) grasshopper

C) bird

D) earthworm

E) flatworm

10) Which of the following features are found in invertebrates that enable them to exchange nutrients and gases without the use of a circulatory system?

A) trilobed gastrovascular cavity

B) coelomic fluid within the body cavity

C) exposure of the cells to the external or internal environment

D) All of these features enable invertebrates to exchange gases and nutrients without a circulatory system.

11) Which would you find in the heart of a fish?

A) one atrium and one ventricle

B) two atria and one ventricle

C) one atrium and two ventricles

D) two atria and two ventricles

E) two atria and a partially divided ventricle

12) What would you find in the heart of a human?

A) one atrium and one ventricle

B) two atria and one ventricle

C) one atrium and two ventricles

D) two atria and two ventricles

E) two atria and a partially divided ventricle

13) What would you find in the heart of most reptiles?

A) one atrium and one ventricle

B) two atria and one ventricle

C) one atrium and two ventricles

D) two atria and two ventricles

E) two atria and a partially divided ventricle

14) What would you find in the heart of an amphibian?

A) one atrium and one ventricle

B) two atria and one ventricle

C) one atrium and two ventricles

D) two atria and two ventricles

E) two atria and a partially divided ventricle

15) "Artery" and "vein" are defined by whether they carry blood to the heart or away from the heart. If they were defined by whether they carried oxygenated or deoxygenated blood, we would have to change the name(s) of

A) the hepatic portal vein to a hepatic portal artery.

B) the hepatic and renal systems; they would have to be switched.

C) the pulmonary artery and vein; they would have to be switched.

D) the coronary artery and vein; they would have to be switched.

E) none, since the aorta and vena cava do not have "artery" and "vein" in their name.

16) Which of the following organisms will contain hemolymph as the fluid of their circulatory system?

A) grasshopper

B) sea star

C) molluscs

D) All of the answer choices have hemolymph.

17) A heart murmur is a distortion of the heartbeat due to blood flowing back through a valve that should be closed. If the heart sound is lub-dub-ssshhh, the most likely cause is a failure of the

A) atrioventricular valves.

B) semilunar valves.

C) mitral (bicuspid) valve.

D) AV node to signal contraction.

E) sinoatrial node to signal contraction.

18) What is the main difference between an open circulatory system and a closed one?

A) An open system will have the blood leave the blood vessels and dump into the hemocoel while the closed one will retain the blood within the system.

B) An open system will keep the blood within the blood vessels while the closed one will dump the blood into the hemocoel.

C) An open system will have the blood leave the blood vessels and dump into the lungs or gills while the closed one will retain the blood within the system.

D) An open system will have the blood leave the blood vessels and dump into the lungs or gills while the closed one will retain the blood within the hemocoel.

E) The blood within a closed circulatory system does not contain hemoglobin.

19) The vessels in our circulatory system that allow molecules to diffuse across their walls to tissues are

A) arteries.

B) veins.

C) capillaries.

D) lymph vessels.

E) venules.

20) After leaving our left ventricle, blood next passes through the

A) vena cava.

B) aorta.

C) atrioventricular valve.

D) semilunar valve.

E) left atrium.

21) Which structure does blood pass through immediately before it enters the left ventricle?

A) vena cava

B) aorta

C) atrioventricular valve

D) semilunar valve

E) left atrium

22) Which structure does blood pass through immediately before entering the right atrium?

A) vena cava

B) aorta

C) atrioventricular valve

D) semilunar valve

E) left atrium

23) As the heart contracts it forces the blood out with a great deal of force. Damage to which blood vessel will result in a forceful spraying of blood?

A) artery

B) vein

C) capillary

D) arteriole

E) Damage to any of the blood vessels will result in a forceful spray of blood.

24) The coronary arteries are important because they serve the

A) intestine and liver.

B) brain.

C) lungs.

D) heart.

E) urinary tract.

25) Which group of vertebrates will lack a pulmonary circuit?

A) fish

B) frogs

C) birds

D) annelids

E) mammals

26) Which statement is NOT true about red blood cells?

A) They are biconcave disks that lack nuclei when mature.

B) Their normal life span is about 120 days.

C) Hemoglobin is a protein that binds oxygen loosely to transport it.

D) There are about 6 million red blood cells per cubic millimeter of whole blood.

E) They are mainly produced in the liver.

27) Which kind of white blood cell is involved in the production of antibodies?

A) neutrophils

B) B lymphocytes

C) monocytes

D) eosinophils

E) macrophage

28) Which type of blood component is involved in the initiation of clotting?

A) red blood cells

B) white blood cells

C) plasma proteins

D) platelets

29) The human heart is composed of

A) muscle fibers called myocardium.

B) an outer membranous sac called the pericardium.

C) endocardium.

D) cardiac muscle fibers.

E) All of the choices are correct.

30) The structure that absorbs nutrients from the small intestines and delivers the nutrients in the blood to the liver is the

A) hepatic portal artery.

B) hepatic portal vein.

C) renal vein.

D) None of the choices are correct.

31) The pacemaker of the cardiac conduction system is the

A) atrioventricular node.

B) sinoatrial node.

C) medulla oblongata.

D) Purkinje fibers.

32) Identify the correct flow of blood through a one-circuit system.

A) ventricle - gill capillaries - systemic capillaries - sinus venosus - atrium

B) ventricle - systemic capillaries - gill capillaries - sinus venosus - atrium

C) ventricle - gill capillaries - systemic capillaries - atrium - sinus venosus

D) ventricle - pulmonary capillaries - atrium - aorta - systemic capillaries

33) Veins primarily depend upon which of the following forces to return blood to the heart?

A) force of blood entering from the arteries

B) skeletal muscle contraction

C) valves to prevent blood back flow

D) All of the choices apply.

34) The leading cause of preventable death in the United States is cardiovascular disease. Which of the following are lifestyle modifications that would lower a person's risk of CVD?

A) not smoking

B) lose weight

C) lower fat intake

D) All of the choices are means of lowering risk for CVD.

35) Major cardiovascular disorders include all of the following EXCEPT

A) atherosclerosis.

B) stroke.

C) hypertension.

D) diabetes.

36) Identify the correct pathway of blood flow through a two-circuit pathway.

A) ventricle - systemic circuit - right atrium

ventricle - pulmonary circuit - left atrium

B) right atrium - ventricle - systemic circuit

left atrium - ventricle - pulmonary circuit

C) ventricle - gill capillaries - aorta - systemic circuit - atrium

D) right atrium - systemic circuit - ventricle

left atrium - pulmonary circuit - ventricle

E) ventricle - systemic circuit - left atrium

ventricle - pulmonary circuit - right atrium

37) Describe the events that occur in the clotting of blood by choosing the correct sequence of statements that outlines the process.

1. Platelets and injured tissue release prothrombin activator.

2. The activated fragments join end-to-end, forming long threads.

3. Platelets clump at the sight of puncture and partially seal the leak.

4. Fibrin threads wind around the platelet plug in the damaged area and provide a framework for the clot.

5. Thrombin, acting as an enzyme, severs two amino acid chains (activated fragments) from each fibrinogen molecule.

6. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin.

7. Red blood cells are trapped within the fibrin framework forming a clot.

A) Sequence: 7, 4, 5, 2, 3, 1, 6

B) Sequence: 3, 1, 6, 5, 2, 4, 7

C) Sequence: 4, 5, 6, 7, 3, 2, 1

D) Sequence: 1, 2, 6, 7, 4, 3, 5

38) Use the word bank to identify the labeled structures on this diagram of the heart:

apex, pulmonary trunk, aorta, right atrium, inferior vena cava, left pulmonary veins, right ventricle, left atrium, left subclavian artery, right pulmonary veins, left ventricle, right coronary artery, left common carotid artery, left cardiac vein, brachiocephalic artery, right pulmonary artery, superior vena cava, left pulmonary artery.

a. ________ j. ________

b. ________ k. ________

c. ________ l. ________

d. ________ m. ________

e. ________ n ________

f. ________ o. ________

g. ________ p. ________

h. ________ q. ________

i. ________ r. ________

39) Which of the following cardiovascular diseases is caused by a narrowing of the arteries causing the heart to work harder when pumping?

A) hypertension

B) stroke

C) heart attack

D) All of the answer choices are caused by a narrowing of the arteries.

40) Briefly discuss the cardiac cycle. Include the time of the phases and what occurs in the atria and the ventricles. Define and use the terms systole and diastole.

41) A person with B positive blood will have

A) A antigens, antibodies to B, and Rh antigens.

B) B antibodies, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens.

C) B antigens, antibodies to A, and no Rh antigens.

D) B antigens, antibodies to A, and Rh antigens.

E) B antigens, antibodies to B, and Rh antigens.

42) What two forces control the movement of fluid through the capillary wall?

A) the thickness of the capillary wall and the number of cilia

B) blood pressure and osmotic pressure

C) the oxygen and nitrogen concentration

D) the number of veins and arteries

43) Why is a person with type O blood a universal donor? Consider the antibodies in the plasma of a type O person in your discussion.

44) Describe why there is no Rh factor conflict if the mother is Rh positive and the father is Rh negative.

45) Why is an Rh factor conflict usually a problem only for the second child and subsequent children born to the Rh negative mother? When it is a problem for the first child?

46) All capillary beds have blood running to them at all times.

47) The circulatory system is the only way by which an animal can supply oxygen and nutrients to its cells, or remove waste materials from the cells.

48) The hemocoel is an open space in an insect that contains blood outside of the vessels.

49) Sphincter muscles regulate the opening and closing of the capillary beds, directing the flow of blood to different areas of the body depending on the body's needs.

50) The SA node initiates the heartbeat by automatically sending out impulses causing the atria to contract.

51) Platelets will release prothrombin activator at the site of an injury to initiate the clotting sequence.

52) Open circulatory systems are characterized by the presence of hemolymph as seen in annelids.

53) Which of the following features enable organisms like planarian to respire and exchange nutrients?

A) a trilobed gastrovascular cavity

B) closed circulatory system

C) an open circulatory system

D) coelomic fluid

54) Describe what is occurring at tissue and system level as someone is developing atherosclerosis.

55) Which description best fits that of an open circulatory system?

A) The heart pumps hemolymph into tissue spaces that are enlarged into saclike sinuses.

B) The heart pumps blood across gills and then into tissue spaces that are enlarged into saclike sinuses.

C) Gases diffuse across a cutaneous membrane and then move into tissue spaces that are enlarged into saclike sinuses.

D) The heart pumps hemolymph into tissue spaces that route the fluid across the gills for gas exchange.

56) During capillary exchange, what will occur if the blood pressure at the arterial end were to decrease and become lower than the osmotic pressure?

A) Water would not leave the blood stream which could disrupt the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the membrane.

B) Water will leave the blood stream allowing oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse out of the blood stream.

C) Oxygen and carbon dioxide will increase their rate of diffusion into the interstitial fluid.

D) Nothing will occur because the blood pressure does not impact the movement of gases.

57) Identify the correct sequence of events for the formation of a blood clot.

a. Platelets get lodged at the site of vessel injury and partially seal the leak.

b. Thrombin forms long threads known as fibrin.

c. The fibrin framework will trap red blood cells in the clot to seal the leak.

d. Prothrombin activator converts prothrombin into thrombin.

e. Platelets release prothrombin activator.

f. Fibrin winds around the platelet plug forming a framework for the clot.

A) a – e – d – b – f – c

B) e – d – b – f – c – a

C) a– b – f – c – e – d

D) f – c – d – a – e – b

58) Which valve is responsible for preventing the backflow of blood into the right ventricle?

A) pulmonary semilunar

B) aortic valve

C) tricuspid

D) bicuspid

E) mitral

59) What is the main difference between blood and hemolymph?

A) Blood is always contained within the blood vessels while hemolymph fills the body cavity.

B) Hemolymph is always contained within the blood vessels while blood fills the body cavity.

C) Hemolymph is never carried in blood vessels.

D) Blood will transport oxygen and nutrients while hemolymph will only transport oxygen.

60) What is the correct order of blood flow through the cardiovascular system?

A) Heart – artery – arterioles – capillaries – venules – veins

B) Heart – arterioles – artery – capillary – venules – veins

C) Heart – artery – arterioles – capillaries – veins – venules

D) Capillaries – venules – veins - heart – arterioles – artery

E) Capillaries - arterioles – artery – heart - venules – veins