Complete Test Bank Chapter 30 Human Evolution

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 30 Human Evolution

1) The evolutionary trends in primates include all of the following EXCEPT

A) mobile limbs.

B) stereoscopic vision.

C) a rounded, protruding face.

D) large, complex brain.

E) reduced reproductive rate.

2) Modern humans are

A) hominoids.

B) hominids.

C) anthropoids.

D) primates.

E) All of the choices apply to humans.

3) Which of the following is NOT an anthropoid?

A) chimpanzee

B) human

C) New World monkey

D) lemur

4) People often refer to chimpanzees as monkeys. What characteristic(s) do chimpanzees lack that monkeys have?

A) a tail

B) protruding noses

C) nails

D) binocular vision

5) All of the following are characteristics of primates EXCEPT the

A) five long dexterous digits on hands and feet.

B) three-dimensional binocular vision.

C) well-developed brain.

D) opposable thumb.

E) rapid postnatal maturation.

6) Which of the following statements best describes the replacement model for the evolution of early humans?

A) Modern humans evolved from archaic humans in Africa and then migrated to Asia and Europe.

B) Modern humans evolved from archaic humans in Africa, Asia and Europe simultaneously.

C) Modern humans evolved from archaic humans in Asia and then migrated to Africa and Europe.

D) Modern humans evolved from Neanderthals in Europe and then migrated to Asia.

E) Modern humans evolved from apes in Africa and then migrated to Asia and Europe.

7) Prosimians include

A) lemurs.

B) baboons.

C) gibbons.

D) All of the answer choices are correct.

E) No answer choice is correct.

8) It is proposed that Cro-Magnons were responsible for the extinction of many large mammals during the Pleistocene epoch.  How could this feat have been accomplished?

A) Cro-Magnon man had an increase in tool technology that enabled them to kill animals from a distance.

B) Cro-Magnon man was the first species of hominid to use fire. This would have increased their success during hunting.

C) Cro-Magnon man was the most efficient bipedal species. They would have been able to run after prey species more efficiently than any of their predecessors.

D) Cro-Magnon man was the first species of hominids to hunt in groups. This would have increased their chance of killing larger animals.

9) What were the tools of Cro-Magnon man made from?

A) stone

B) metal

C) wood

D) wood that had been hardened in a fire to increase its strength

E) No answer choice is correct.

10) The probable transitional link between the hominoids and the monkeys is

A) Australopithecus afarensis.

B) Australopithecus africanus.

C) Proconsul.

D) Homo habilis.

E) Homo erectus.

11) Sometimes people misunderstand evolution and state that "man comes from monkeys." A more accurate explanation of human evolution would be

A) monkeys have evolved less than humans.

B) humans and monkeys share a common ancestor.

C) humans and monkeys are biologically identical.

D) evolution leads toward more perfect forms and humans therefore came after modern monkeys.

12) What are the advantages of bipedalism?

A) Allows the hands to be free for tool use.

B) Enables an adult to carry an offspring easier.

C) Would have allowed males to forage for food more efficiently.

D) Would allow the individual to spot danger further away.

E) All of these are advantages of bipedalism.

13) The fossil called Lucy is a member of the species ________ that lived over 3 million years ago.

A) Australopithecus afarensis

B) Australopithecus africanus

C) Proconsul

D) Homo habilis

E) Homo erectus

14) Which of the following homonid species demonstrated bipedalism but still spent time living in the trees?

A) Australopithecus afarensis

B) Homo habilis

C) Ardipithecus ramidus

D) Australopithecus africanus

E) Dryopithecus

15) Most researchers believed that modern humans evolved from a common ancestor of

A) Australopithecus afarensis.

B) Australopithecus africanus.

C) Proconsul.

D) Homo ergaster.

E) Homo erectus.

16) The main features that place Homo habilis in the genus Homo rather than Australopithecus are

A) human facial appearance and lack of hair.

B) advanced use of language and total carnivorous diet.

C) brain size, dentition, and tool use.

D) care of young and altruistic behavior.

E) hand grip, extensive use of tools, and house-building.

17) The early evolution of higher apes and early ancestors of modern humans most closely resembles

A) a straight-line vine with one main trunk and many unsuccessful short branches, with only one or two forms coexisting at any one time.

B) two main trunks leading to apes or humans, and where each newly advanced species of Homo immediately eliminated any coexisting hominids.

C) a many-branched tree with all modern forms extending back relatively unchanged until reaching the common "missing link" at an origin about 33 million years ago.

D) a complex bush with many branches and perhaps as many as ten species of hominins 2 million years ago.

E) two streams, Australopithecus and Homo, that merge into one lineage leading to humans.

18) The earliest fossils of archaic humans known to have produced tools are

A) Homo ergaster.

B) Australopithecus.

C) Proconsul.

D) Homo habilis.

E) Homo erectus.

19) In which geographic region does the "Replacement Model" propose that modern humans arose?

A) Africa

B) Asia

C) Europe

D) Africa, Asia and Europe simultaneously

E) None of these choices.

20) The stone tools and the dentition of Homo habilis indicate that early humans were

A) strictly herbivores.

B) strictly carnivores.

C) strictly scavengers.

D) omnivores that could either scavenge or hunt for meat.

21) Which species of Homo is most closely related to the Australopithecines?

A) erectus

B) habilis

C) sapiens

D) ergaster

22) The most widely accepted model for the evolution of modern humans is pictured here. What is this model called?

A) Out-of-Africa

B) Replacement Model

C) Multiregional continuity

D) Hardy-Weinberg

E) Out-of-Africa and Replacement Model

23) Explain how mitochondrial DNA studies of Africans and Europeans support the replacement model for the evolution of modern humans.

24) What were the major disadvantages of our early ancestors becoming bipedal?

A) Lower back problems developed.

B) Increased predation by faster predators.

C) Decrease in speed and mobility.

D) Decreased protection of the abdominal region.

25) Which species is believed to have been the first ones to develop stone tool technology?

A) Homo erectus

B) Homo habilis

C) Cro-Magnon man

D) Neanderthal man

26) A shortened snout and a relatively flat face are associated with

A) a decline in the importance of vision and an increase in reliance on smell.

B) bilateral symmetry and aquatic reproduction.

C) a decline in the importance of smell and an increase in reliance on vision.

D) a terrestrial life style.

27) A major development in the evolution of primates is stereoscopic vision. This development is associated with

A) a decline in the importance of smell.

B) eyes in front of the head.

C) a binocular field of vision.

D) All of the choices are correct.

28) The reduced reproductive rate in primate evolution involves

A) a reduction in the number of offspring.

B) extended life spans.

C) lengthy gestation periods with one birth at a time.

D) All of the choices are correct.

29) Australopithecines were apelike above the waist and humanoid below the waist. This is an example of

A) quadripedalism.

B) mosaic evolution.

C) multiregional continuity.

D) None of the choices are correct.

30) Which features enabled Homo erectus to be successful in Asia?

A) They were able to control fire.

B) They were able to incorporate meat into their diet.

C) Higher degree of intellectual abilities.

D) All of these made Homo erectus successful.

31) Fossils are considered to belong to the genus Homo if which of the following is true?

A) The brain size is 600 cc or larger.

B) The jaw and teeth are human like.

C) Tool use is evident.

D) All of the choices are characteristics of this group

32) The evolution of genus Homo began about

A) 4.6 BYA (billion years ago).

B) 7 MYA (million years ago).

C) 2.0 MYA (million years ago).

D) 55 MYA (million years ago).

33) The proposed advantages of bipedalism, which characterizes hominin evolution, include making it easier to

A) collect food from overhead.

B) travel and move about.

C) carry food back to their camp or their young.

D) carry their young from place to place.

E) All of these are correct.

34) All hominoids walk upright.

35) On the phylogenetic tree of primate evolution, where do you find the first primates to diverge from the common ancestor of the primates?

A) No. 1

B) No. 4

C) No. 5

D) No. 6

E) No. 7

36) Where on this phylogenetic tree of primate evolution do you find the evolution of humans and species very closely related to humans?

A) No. 1

B) No. 2

C) No. 3

D) No. 4

E) No. 5

37) Where on this phylogenetic tree of primate evolution do you find evolution of the hominines?

A) No. 1

B) No. 2

C) No. 3

D) No. 4

E) No. 5

38) Where on this phylogenetic tree of primate evolution do you find evolution of the anthropoids?

A) No. 2

B) No. 3

C) No. 4

D) No. 5

E) No. 6

39) Where on this phylogenetic tree of primate evolution do you find evolution of the hominids?

A) No. 1

B) No. 2

C) No. 3

D) No. 4

E) No. 5

Identify which features belong to Homo habilis versus Homo erectus.

A) Homo habilis

B) Homo erectus

40) Older species

41) Scavengers rather than hunters

42) Fossils span between 1.9 and 0.3 MYA

43) First species to use tools

44) Old World monkeys have a prehensile tail and a flattened nose.

45) Apes walk on their feet and knuckles. The apes with opposable thumbs have opposable toes.

46) All primates have thumbs, but only Old World monkeys, great apes, and humans have truly opposable thumbs.

47) Explain how becoming a more bipedal organism increased the chances of survival among the genus Homo.

48) In what order did these organisms diverge from the lineage of the common ancestral primate?

A) H. neandertalensis, H. ergaster, H. habilis, gorillas and chimpanzees, hominins

B) prosimians, monkeys, gibbons, orangutans, gorillas and chimpanzees, hominins

C) monkeys, gibbons, prosimians, orangutans, H. habilis, H. ergaster, humans

D) gibbons, lemurs, tarsiers, H. habilis, monkeys, H. neandertalensis, hominins

49) Which group of primates has the closest evolutionary relatedness to the lemurs?

A) Tarsiers

B) Gibbons

C) Gorillas

D) Old World Monkeys

E) Chimpanzees

50) Which species shows the first solid evidence of bipedalism?

A) Ardipithecus ramidus

B) Sahelanthropus tchadensis

C) Homo habilis

D) Australopithecus afarensis

51) Which two species are believed to have evolved from Homo ergaster?

A) Homo erectus & Homo floresiensis

B) Homo erectus & Homo rudolfensis

C) Homo rudolfensis & Homo floresiensis

D) Homo habilis & Cro Magnon man

52) Which European species is believed to have evolved from Homo ergaster?

A) Homo heidelbergensis

B) Homo erectus

C) Homo floresiensis

D) Homo sapiens

E) Australopithecus africanus

53) Identify which of the following scenarios is most probable for the evolution of members of genus Homo. 

A) Australopithecus afarensis gave rise to Homo habilis who gave rise to Homo ergaster who gave rise to Homo erectus

B) Australopithecus afarensis gave rise to Homo erectus who gave rise to Homo ergaster who gave rise to Homo habilis

C) Ardipithecus ramidis gave rise to Homo habilis who gave rise to Homo ergaster who gave rise to Homo erectus

D) Australopithecus afarensis gave rise to Homo habilis who gave rise to Homo sapiens who gave rise to Homo erectus

54) Explain the features that would have enabled Homo ergaster to have migrated out of Africa.

55) Compare the features of Ardi with those of Lucy.