Complete Test Bank Ch.21 Behavior And The Environment

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 21 Behavior and the Environment

1) The field of behavior that studies organisms in natural conditions is called

A) behavioral ecology.

B) sociobiology.

C) ethology.

D) knockout research.

E) sociology.

2) The simplest type of learning is called ________ learning.

A) associated

B) classical

C) nonassociative

D) operant

E) long-term

3) A type of nonassociative learning in which learning occurs without the response to a repeated stimulus is called

A) operant conditioning.

B) imprinting.

C) conditional.

D) habituation.

E) unconditional.

4) Which scientist studied bees and their communications?

A) Lorenz

B) Tinbergen

C) Wilson

D) von Frisch

E) Darwin

5) If you wanted to read about ducklings and their reaction to a scientist after hatching from their eggs, whose work would your research?

A) Lorenz

B) Tinbergen

C) Wilson

D) von Frisch

E) Freud

6) In territoriality, an animal defends

A) its entire home range.

B) a portion of its home range.

C) only the overlapping components of its home range.

D) the other males in their territory.

E) all of its home range, except the overlapped areas.

7) Optimal foraging theory predicts that animals will select

A) the most nutritious foods.

B) the best times to forage for the most nutritious foods.

C) whatever foods are available to avoid traveling too far from their home range.

D) food items that maximize their net energy intake per unit of foraging time.

E) food items that require the most energy to reach.

8) The learned ability, such as flying with a flock of birds, to adjust a bearing depending on the animal's location is called

A) compass sense.

B) map sense.

C) conditional sense.

D) unconditional sense.

E) imprinting.

9) Young birds see objects flying overhead and respond by crouching down into the nest and remaining still. Over time some objects become familiar and the young birds do not crouch down. This type of learning is referred to as

A) sensitization.

B) associative learning.

C) operant conditioning.

D) habituation.

E) imprinting.

10) If a scientist is conducting an observation on animal behavior, for example, how an animal's nervous system coordinates a behavior, she would be asking about the

A) sign stimulus.

B) innate releasing mechanism.

C) fixed action pattern.

D) ethnological causation.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

11) If a friend was studying goose behavior and moved an egg outside its nest to observe the parental response, your friend would be studying

A) an innate releasing mechanism.

B) a fixed action pattern.

C) imprinting.

D) sign stimulus.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

12) A goose attempts to retrieve an egg that has been removed from its nest. This is an example of

A) a sign stimulus.

B) imprinting.

C) a fixed action pattern.

D) kin selection.

E) adaptive releasing mechanism.

13) During the mating season, male stickleback fish will respond to clay models with red bellies. The red belly

A) is a fixed action stimulus.

B) is a sign stimulus.

C) is innate releasing stimulus.

D) results in an operant conditioning response.

E) is adaptive releasing mechanism.

14) Having information and responding in a manner that suggests thinking is an example of animal behavior called

A) cognitive behavior.

B) territoriality.

C) maternal behavior.

D) reciprocity.

E) fixed action response.

15) The gene, fosB, determines whether or not female mice

A) seek out a mating partner.

B) nurture their young.

C) are fertile.

D) will have multiple pups in a litter.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

16) The response of Pavlov's dog salivating after hearing a bell, is called

A) operant conditioning.

B) classical conditioning.

C) nonassociative learning.

D) habituation.

E) imprinting.

17) When an animal learns to associate its behavioral response with a reward or punishment, the learning is known as

A) operant conditioning.

B) classical conditioning.

C) nonassociative learning.

D) habituation.

E) imprinting.

18) An innate ability to move in a particular direction is called ________ sense.

A) map

B) compass

C) time

D) direction

E) cognitive

19) When green sea turtles travel over 1,400 miles of open ocean to the Ascension Island, they are exhibiting ________ sense.

A) map

B) compass

C) time

D) direction

E) cognitive

20) Using their dance language, honeybees can indicate both the direction and ________ of a food source.

A) odor

B) energy content

C) color

D) distance

E) amount

21) Animal foraging can be influenced by whether or not predators are around.

22) Human infants will quickly lose the ability to make consonant sounds if they do not hear them often.

23) Infants born blind will not smile or frown because they have never seen anyone exhibit these expressions.

24) When migrating, an inexperienced animal will rely on compass sense, while an experienced animal will rely more on map sense.

25) A scout honeybee communicates information about a food source to its hive mates using a pattern called a ________ dance.

26) An annual long-range, two-way movement in animals is termed ________.

27) Behavior can be defined as the way an animal responds to a ________ in its environment.

28) You are asked to assist in researching mountain lions in the wild. This type of studying animals in the wild in called ________.

29) As an animal matures, it may form preferences or social attachments to other individuals. The behavior learned from these relationships is referred to as ________.

30) ________ learning is a change in behavior that involves an association between two stimuli or between a stimulus and a response.

31) ________ are groups of insects that differ in size and morphology that perform different tasks for the survival of the colony.

32) If a dog indicates they want to play by wagging their tail and bowing, it is exhibiting ________ ________.

33) The study of the genetic basis of human social behaviors and the evolution of these social behaviors is called ________.

34) A form of nonassociative learning, which does not require an association with a repeated stimulus is called ________.

35) Discuss the difference between home range and territory.

36) Discuss optimal foraging theory.

37) As observed in human identical twins, ________ can influence behavior.

38) You are watching a dog trying to retrieve a toy wedged under a log. It uses its nose to move the log and then uses its paw to pry the toy out. You believe the dog has used a cognitive process called ________ ________.