Demography Exam Questions Ch8

Chapter 8 Demography

Multiple Choice

1. Connectivity increases when
2. dispersal is frequent.
3. there are habitat barriers to dispersal.
4. population boundaries are undefined.
5. all of the above
6. none of the above
7. In modular organisms,
8. the meristem is suppressed.
9. growth occurs in repetitive fashion.
10. individuals are distinct.
11. individuals are unitary.
12. none of the above
13. The following values are known from a population analysis by the Lincoln index: number marked at time 1 = 20; number unmarked at time 2 = 30; number of marked animals captured at time 2 = 10. The population size is
14. 10.
15. 20.
16. 40.
17. 60.
18. none of the above
19. The Lincoln Index assumes that
20. marked and umarked individuals die at different rates.
21. marked and unmarked individuals mix in the population.
22. marking individuals makes them more likely to be captured.
23. the population size changes between time 1 and time 2.
24. None of the above
25. The Poisson distribution describes a population distribution
26. if the population is distributed randomly.
27. if the population size is changing.
28. independently of the grid size.
29. all of the above
30. none of the above
31. The Janzen-Connell hypothesis states that
32. seed predators are randomly distributed.
33. seeds near the tree are more successful than distant seeds.
34. tropical trees are highly clumped.
35. seeds at great distance from the parent avoid seed predation.
36. none of the above
37. A Type I survivorship curve is characterized by
38. low infant mortality.
39. high infant mortality.
40. a long lifespan.
41. a constant mortality rate.
42. none of the above
43. Life expectancy
44. is equivalent to life span.
45. is calculated e_x = n_x/T_x.
46. changes with age.
47. does not change with age.
48. none of the above
49. The net reproductive rate (R₀) is calculated from the sum of the
50. l_x column.
51. b_x column.
52. n_xl_c column.
53. l_xb_x column.
54. none of the above
55. A life table can be constructed from just females because
56. we can simply multiply the result by 2 to complete the table.
57. in polygynous systems males mate with more than one female.
58. in polygynous systems males do not care for the young.
59. male mortality is much higher than female mortality.
60. none of the above
61. The multiplicative growth rate (λ)
62. is the numerical factor by which the population increases in each time period.
63. applies only to populations with overlapping generations.
64. is the same as the value of R₀.
65. is independent of time.
66. none of the above
67. The value of r is measured when the population is small because
68. it is easiest to measure at that time.
69. the generations are not yet overlapping.
70. the values of b and d change with the value of N.
71. all of the above
72. none of the above
73. Which of the following is not an important determinant of population change?
74. B (birth rate)
75. D (death rate
76. C (connectivity)
77. E (emigration)
78. none of the above
79. An index of relative abundance
80. is based on mark-recapture.
81. can determine the proportional change in the population.
82. can determine the exact population size.
83. requires the direct observation of individuals.
84. none of the above
85. The fitness of an individual
86. has no effect on population size.
87. may lead to a decrease in population size.
88. depends on population size.
89. is always different for males and females.
90. none of the above
91. The Janzen-Connell hypothesis
92. does not apply to coral reefs.
93. does not apply to tropical forests.
94. predicts that juvenile mortality increases with distance from adults.
95. predicts that juvenile mortality decreases with distance from adults.
96. none of the above
97. The demographic transition
98. occurs when populations exceed their carrying capacity.
99. is delayed by industrialization.
100. occurs when the death rate increases to meet the birth rate.
101. occurs when the birth rate declines to meet the death rate.
102. none of the above

True/False

1. Cohort life tables are more accurate than static life tables.
2. In a Type II survivorship curve mortality is constant with age.
3. Immigration and emigration are always balanced.
4. l_x m measures the age specific reproductive rate.
5. The deme and ecological population are identical in size.
6. The sex ratio is always balanced by the age of reproduction.
7. The distribution of resources can determine population dispersion.
8. Human populations continue to increase during industrialization because the death rate declines but the birth rate does not.
9. All unitary organisms are monoecious.
10. The total fertility rate (TFR) in humans is equivalent to R₀.

Short Answer/Fill in the Blank

1. A population is defined as _____________________.
2. A __________life table follows a group of individuals from birth to death; a _________ life table is based on a sample of individuals at one time.
3. In an analysis of population distribution using the Poisson distribution you find that the mean number of individuals per grid square is larger than the variance in the number of individuals per grid square. This suggests that the population distribution is_______________.
4. A deme is defined as _________________.
5. A ________ is a physiologically distinct plant; a _____________ is a genetically distinct plant.
6. In a Type III survivorship curve mortality is highest _________________
7. Explain the difference between a cohort and static life table.