Test Bank Docx Chapter.9 Population Regulation

Chapter 9 Population Regulation

Multiple Choice

1. The effect of wolves on elk in Yellowstone is an example of
2. a bottom–up interaction.
3. a top–down interaction.
4. symbiosis.
5. trophism.
6. none of the above
7. Which of the following are characteristics of biological control agents?
8. a broad host range
9. low reproductive pontential
10. life-cycle synchrony
11. bottom–up control
12. none of the above
13. In the equation dN/dt = rN(1–N/K),
14. r is the net reproductive rate.
15. K is the carrying capacity.
16. dN/dt is simplified to N/t.
17. the term 1–N/K models top–down effects.
18. none of the above
19. Density-independent factors
20. are always bottom–up.
21. never reach equilibrium.
22. are stronger than density-dependent factors.
23. depend on the value of K.
24. none of the above
25. Population stability
26. is the same as equilibrium.
27. always precedes equilibrium.
28. requires density-independent factors.
29. occurs when the population remains within narrow limits.
30. none of the above
31. The classic lynx-hare population data show that
32. equilibrium eventually occurs.
33. bottom–up and top–down factors both occur.
34. regulation is density-independent.
35. density-dependence leads to population stability.
36. none of the above
37. The population dynamics of lemmings demonstrate that
38. fitness is a property of the population.
39. population regulation by suicide is not an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS).
40. self-regulation is impossible in nature.
41. lemmings are regulated by top-down mechanisms.
42. none of the above
43. Self-regulation of populations requires
44. long-term stability.
45. density-dependent effects on physiology.
46. density-independent effects on physiology.
47. top–down factors.
48. none of the above
49. In a metapopulation
50. the landscape is irrelevant.
51. immigration always equals emigration.
52. populations habitats of different quality.
53. populations are completely isolated.
54. none of the above
55. The value of the carrying capacity (K)
56. varies over time.
57. determines the rate of immigration.
58. is a measure of population stability.
59. varies with the value of r.
60. none of the above
61. Population regulation is related to Darwin’s theory of evolution by selection because
62. populations achieve stability.
63. selection is generally top–down.
64. selection is generally bottom–up.
65. populations growth is limited.
66. none of the above
67. Population equilibrium by density-dependent mechanisms
68. is rare in nature.
69. is common in nature.
70. requires that K vary with N.
71. requires self-regulation.
72. none of the above
73. In group selection,
74. altruism cannot evolve.
75. fitness is a property of the individual.
76. fitness is a property of the group.
77. the concept of the ESS does not apply.
78. none of the above
79. Chance affect populations
80. in metapopulations.
81. when density-independent factors are important.
82. when density-dependent factors are important.
83. if the population is to achieve equilibrium.
84. none of the above
85. Which of the following do(es) not affect the moose population on Isle Royale?
86. weather
87. top–down effects
88. carrying capacity
89. parasites
90. none of the above
91. Additive mortality
92. proportionally increases the total mortality rate.
93. proportionally decreases the total mortality rate.
94. adds dispersal to mortality factors.
95. replaces compensatory mortality.
96. none of the above
97. The variable K in the growth equation
98. is a measure of the mortality rate.
99. is a measure of compensatory mortality.
100. may vary over time and space.
101. never varies in real ecosystems.
102. none of the above

True/False

1. Density-independence leads to population equilibrium.
2. Density-dependence can result from top–down or bottom–up factors.
3. Population equilibrium and population stability are the same.
4. Most populations are regulated by a single factor.
5. Crowding and stress factors do not violate the requirements of an ESS.
6. The values of e (emigration) and i (immigration) can be density-dependent.
7. Lynx exert bottom–up control of hares.
8. Density-dependent factors outweigh density-independent factors in most populations.
9. Random factors play no role in metapopulations.
10. Metapopulations fluctuate less than the populations that comprise them.

Short Answer/Fill in the Blank

1. __________ refers to population fluctuations within narrow limits.
2. What do the lynx-hare data suggest about density-dependence and population stability?
3. Long-term population studies are important because they show that __________.
4. In the checkerspot butterfly metapopulation, populations are associated with __________.
5. The metapopulation structure of Adelie penguins is dependent on __________.
6. In density dependent mortality, the mortality rate is __________ (positively; negatively) related to population size.
7. Is it possible for abiotic factors to affect the population in a density-dependent fashion?