Chapter 13
Cardiovascular System
True / False Questions
1. | The sinoatrial (SA) node relays nerve impulses into the AV bundle of the interventricular septum, and the atrioventricular (AV) node is responsible for the rhythmic contractions of the heart.
True False |
2. | Arteries are strong, elastic vessels that carry blood to the heart.
True False |
3. | Osmotic pressure forces molecules in the blood out through capillary walls.
True False |
4. | Venules continue from capillaries to form veins, which carry blood back to the atria.
True False |
5. | When the blood pressure increases, veins function as blood reservoirs and respond by constricting their walls.
True False |
6. | The heart is in the pericardial cavity.
True False |
7. | In humans, circulation of the blood is a closed system.
True False |
8. | The top of the heart is called the base, and the pointed bottom of the heart is called the apex.
True False |
9. | The parietal pericardium is the innermost layer that covers the surface of the heart.
True False |
10. | The endocardial layer of the heart wall is the innermost layer and is in direct contact with the blood.
True False |
11. | Blood that is pumped from the right ventricle passes through the aortic valve.
True False |
12. | The oxygen-rich vessels that supply the heart muscle with blood are the cardiac veins.
True False |
13. | Blood from the coronary sinus empties into the right atrium.
True False |
14. | Closure of the heart's four valves create the lubb-dupp sounds of a heartbeat.
True False |
15. | The cardiac conduction system is composed of a network of nerve fibers beginning with the sinoatrial (SA) node.
True False |
16. | Due to the small diameter of the atrioventricular (AV) node conduction fibers, impulses are accelerated.
True False |
17. | Atrial repolarization produces the T waves seen in ECG tracings.
True False |
18. | Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases heart rate and sympathetic stimulation increases heart rate.
True False |
19. | Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
True False |
20. | Capillary walls are only one cell layer thick.
True False |
21. | Capillary exchange of gases, nutrients and waste is accomplished by diffusion, osmosis and filtration.
True False |
22. | Osmotic capillary pressure forces fluid out into the tissues.
True False |
23. | When ventricles relax, pressure drops to a minimum value known as the systolic pressure.
True False |
24. | Venous pathways commonly connect in irregular networks and may have many unnamed tributaries.
True False |
25. | All venous blood returns to the heart through the superior or inferior vena cava.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
26. | The cardiovascular system consists of all of the following except
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27. | The pulmonary circuit
A. | sends oxygen-poor blood to the heart. |
B. | brings oxygen-poor blood from the tissues. |
C. | sends oxygen-poor blood to the lungs. |
D. | brings oxygen-rich blood to the tissues. |
E. | does none of the above. |
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28. | The outermost membrane that forms a loose-fitting sac around the heart is the
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29. | Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures through which blood moves from the venae cavae to the lungs?
A. | right atrium, pulmonary, right ventricle, tricuspid valve |
B. | right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve |
C. | tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve, right ventricle |
D. | pulmonary valve, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle |
E. | right ventricle, tricuspid valve, right atrium, pulmonary valve |
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30. | The skeleton of the heart consists of
A. | bone within the myocardium. |
B. | fibrous connective tissue in the interventricular septum. |
C. | fibrous connective tissue encircling the heart valves. |
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31. | The pain of angina pectoris comes from a blockage in an artery that supplies the
A. | left arm and shoulder. |
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32. | When the ventricular walls contract, the
A. | bicuspid valve opens and the tricuspid valve closes. |
B. | tricuspid valve opens and the bicuspid valve closes. |
C. | bicuspid and tricuspid valves close. |
D. | bicuspid and tricuspid valves open. |
E. | semilunar valves close. |
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33. | Which of the following structures does NOT require stimulation from nerve fibers or other agents?
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34. | The correct sequence of structures of the cardiac conduction system is
A. | AV node, SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundle. |
B. | AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers, SA node. |
C. | SA node, Purkinje fibers, AV node, AV bundle. |
D. | SA node, AV node, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers. |
E. | Purkinje fibers, SA node, AV node, AV bundle. |
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35. | In an ECG pattern, the P wave is caused by
A. | repolarization of the atrial muscle fibers. |
B. | repolarization of the ventricular muscle fibers. |
C. | depolarization of atrial muscle fibers. |
D. | depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers. |
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36. | In an ECG pattern, the T wave is caused by
A. | repolarization of atrial muscle fibers. |
B. | repolarization of ventricular muscle fibers. |
C. | depolarization of atrial muscle fibers. |
D. | depolarization of ventricular muscle fibers. |
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37. | In an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern, the P-Q interval indicates how long it takes for the cardiac impulse to travel from the
A. | sinoatrial (SA) node to the atrial muscle fibers. |
B. | sinoatrial (SA) node through the atrioventricular (AV) node. |
C. | atrioventricular (AV) node to the atrial muscle fibers. |
D. | atrioventricular (AV) node to the ventricular muscle fibers. |
E. | sinoatrial (SA) node to the ventricular muscle fibers. |
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38. | Impulses carried to the heart by means of fibers that secrete acetylcholine are
A. | parasympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to increase. |
B. | parasympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease. |
C. | sympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to increase. |
D. | sympathetic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease. |
E. | somatic impulses and cause the heart rate to decrease. |
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39. | An abnormally slow heart rate is termed
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40. | The effect on the heart of excess potassium ion concentration usually is
A. | increased heart rate and increased force of contraction. |
B. | decreased heart rate and increased force of contraction. |
C. | decreased heart rate and decreased force of contraction. |
D. | increased heart rate and decreased force of contraction. |
E. | cessation of the heart. |
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41. | Sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system stimulate smooth muscle in artery and arteriole walls to
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42. | Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for atherosclerosis?
A. | diet high in unsaturated fats |
C. | lack of physical exercise |
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43. | Which type of blood vessel serves as a blood reservoir?
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44. | The density of capillaries within a tissue varies directly with the tissue's
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45. | Plasma proteins in blood capillaries help to
A. | maintain the osmotic pressure of the blood. |
B. | decrease the osmotic pressure of the blood. |
C. | maintain the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. |
D. | decrease the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. |
E. | decrease the barometric pressure of the blood. |
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46. | Because capillary blood pressure in the arteriolar ends of capillaries is higher than the osmotic pressure,
A. | more fluid flows into the capillaries than moves out. |
B. | the lymphatic vessels push fluid into the capillaries. |
C. | the pressure in the venules increases. |
D. | more fluid leaves the capillaries than returns. |
E. | more fluid flows into the venules. |
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47. | The blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during
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48. | The Frank-Starling law of the heart holds that the
A. | greater the length of myocardial fibers, the greater the force with which they contract. |
B. | lesser the length of myocardial fibers, the greater the force with which they contract. |
C. | lesser the blood volume, the greater the force of ventricular contraction. |
D. | lesser the blood viscosity, the lesser the force of ventricular contraction. |
E. | greater the peripheral resistance, the lesser the ventricular contraction. |
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49. | Which of the following helps return blood to the heart?
A. | positive intrathoracic pressure |
B. | valves in the arteries |
C. | contracting skeletal muscles |
E. | ventricular contraction |
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50. | Which of the following is NOT a branch of the aorta?
C. | brachiocephalic artery |
D. | left subclavian artery |
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51. | Blood from the face and scalp is drained by the
A. | external jugular vein. |
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52. | In normal circulation blood flow usually follows this pattern of vessels.
A. | artery, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein |
B. | artery, vein, capillary, venule, arteriole |
C. | artery, capillary, vein, arteriole, venule |
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53. | Blood flow that travels from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange and then back to the heart describes the ___________ circuit.
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54. | The ________ circuit sends oxygen-rich blood from the heart to all cells of the body, removes carbon dioxide and other wastes, and returns blood to the heart.
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55. | The outer layer of the heart wall is called the _________.
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56. | This layer of the heart wall is mostly cardiac muscle tissue.
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57. | What valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?
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58. | Blood that passes into the right ventricle has passed through this valve.
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59. | What chamber of the heart pumps blood to the left lung?
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60. | Contraction of the heart is called _________.
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61. | Relaxation of the heart is called ________.
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62. | What is the complete set of contraction and relaxation events that constitutes one heartbeat called?
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63. | During ventricular contraction, what statement is true?
A. | The atrioventricular valves are open. |
B. | The atrioventricular valves are closed. |
C. | The aortic valve is closed. |
D. | The pulmonary valve is closed. |
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64. | What is the pacemaker of the heart?
B. | the autonomic nervous system |
C. | atrioventricular (AV) node |
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65. | What part of the conduction system fibers extend into the papillary muscles?
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66. | What part of the ECG pattern is due to depolarization of the ventricles?
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67. | Depolarization of the atria is an electrical event that produces what pattern in an ECG tracing?
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68. | A resting heart rate that exceeds 100 beats per minute is called __________.
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69. | An abnormally slow heart rate (fewer than 60 beats per minutes) is called __________.
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70. | The cardiac control center is found in this part of the brain.
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71. | What effect does an excess of potassium have on the heart?
B. | decreases force of contractions |
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72. | What effect does an excess of calcium have on the heart?
B. | increases heart action |
C. | decreases heart action |
D. | decreases heart rate but prolongs contractions |
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73. | The tunica media is thickest in this type of blood vessels.
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74. | This layer of a blood vessel wall is made of connective tissue and attaches the vessel to surrounding tissues.
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75. | This layer of a blood vessel wall is composed of simple squamous epithelium.
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76. | Which blood vessel type has the lowest blood pressure?
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77. | The difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure can be palpated and is known as ___________.
D. | mean arterial pressure |
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78. | The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle with each heartbeat is known as _________.
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79. | The volume of blood discharged from the ventricle in a minute heartbeat is known as _________.
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80. | Normal heart rate is closest to which range?
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81. | How does heart rate affect blood pressure?
A. | Elevated heart rate increases stroke volume. |
B. | Elevated heart rate increases cardiac output, therefore raising blood pressure. |
C. | Elevated heart rate increases peripheral resistance, therefore raising blood pressure. |
D. | Elevated heart rate does all these things. |
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82. | How do respiratory movements and skeletal muscle contraction affect circulation?
A. | They are synergistic because both assist circulation by squeezing and "pumping" venous blood. |
B. | They are antagonistic forces because skeletal muscles assist venous blood movement but respiratory activity inhibits venous movement. |
C. | Both synergistically lower blood pressure by enhancing vasodilation which directly stimulates the cardiac regulatory center. |
D. | Both synergistically increase blood pressure by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system to vasodilate arteries. |
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83. | The blood vessel that supplies blood to the coronary arteries is _________.
B. | the superior vena cava |
D. | the left pulmonary artery |
E. | the left pulmonary vein |
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84. | This artery has branches called the gastric, hepatic and splenic arteries.
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85. | What region of the body receives its blood supply from the vertebral arteries?
C. | the antebrachial region |
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86. | What large blood vessel is formed by veins leaving digestive organs such as the stomach, spleen and intestines?
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87. | What is the longest vein in the body?
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88. | There is/are ________ brachiocephalic arteries and ________ brachiocephalic veins.
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Check All That Apply Questions
89. | Which of the events below would increase the pressure of blood against the blood vessel walls? Choose all that apply.
____ an increase in peripheral resistance
____ a decrease in blood viscosity
____ an increase in stroke volume
____ vasoconstriction |
Fill in the Blank Questions
90. | The ___________ is the potential space between the parietal and visceral pericardial membranes.
________________________________________ |
91. | Blood is supplied to the myocardium by means of the __________ arteries.
________________________________________ |
92. | The __________ drains blood from the wall of the heart into the right atrium.
________________________________________ |
93. | When the left ventricle contracts, blood passes into the ________.
________________________________________ |
94. | A mass of interconnected cardiac muscle cells that act as a group constitutes a(an) ________.
________________________________________ |
95. | The T wave of an ECG pattern represents the repolarization of the ________.
________________________________________ |
96. | The blood vessels whose walls are thin enough to allow exchange of gases between the blood and tissue fluid are ________.
________________________________________ |
97. | The aorta is part of the ________ circuit.
________________________________________ |
98. | The descending aorta divides near the brim of the pelvis to form the right and left ________.
________________________________________ |
99. | The ________ vein is the longest vein in the body.
________________________________________ |