Chapter 15
Digestive System and Nutrition
True / False Questions
1. | Peristalsis mixes food with digestive enzymes in small segments of the alimentary canal.
True False |
2. | Cholecystokinin, a hormone released from intestinal mucosa by the presence of fats, stimulates the gallbladder to contract and release bile into the duodenum.
True False |
3. | Bile is composed of HCl, pepsin, mucus, and intrinsic factor.
True False |
4. | The gallbladder is connected to the bile duct by the hepatic duct.
True False |
5. | Bile salts function as digestive enzymes to break down fatty acids.
True False |
6. | Food passing from the stomach through the small intestine first passes into the duodenum, then the jejunum and lastly the ileum.
True False |
7. | The movement of chyme through the small intestine is increased by parasympathetic impulses and is inhibited by sympathetic impulses.
True False |
8. | Lymph transports fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms away from the intestine.
True False |
9. | The cecum is located at the inferior end of the descending colon.
True False |
10. | Vitamin E, a fat-soluble vitamin, is destroyed by cooking.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
11. | The digestive system
A. | mechanically and chemically breaks down food for nutrient absorption. |
B. | mechanically and chemically assembles food from absorbed nutrients. |
C. | circulates nutrients throughout the body. |
D. | sends cellular debris to lysosomes. |
E. | builds macromolecules for tissue repair. |
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12. | The alimentary canal extends, in its entirety, from
A. | the mouth to the large intestine. |
B. | the stomach to the small intestine. |
C. | the liver to the gallbladder. |
D. | the mouth to the anus. |
E. | the anus to the pharynx. |
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13. | The correct sequence for the layers within the wall of the alimentary canal from inside to outside is
A. | mucosa, muscularis, serosa, submucosa. |
B. | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa. |
C. | serosa, muscularis, mucosa, submucosa. |
D. | submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis. |
E. | serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa. |
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14. | Peristalsis occurs in the digestive tract
A. | from the pharynx to the anus. |
B. | in the stomach and small intestine only. |
C. | in the small and large intestines only. |
D. | in the stomach, small intestine and large intestine only. |
E. | only in the rectum and anus. |
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15. | The uvula is
B. | a projection of the soft palate. |
C. | a part of the female reproductive system. |
E. | a flap of tissue that keeps food from entering the respiratory system. |
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16. | Because of their location, swollen palatine tonsils may interfere with
D. | both breathing and swallowing. |
E. | neither breathing nor swallowing. |
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17. | The teeth that are best adapted for biting off relatively large pieces of food are the
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18. | Microorganisms promote the development of dental caries (cavities) by metabolizing carbohydrates and releasing by-products that are
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19. | Salivary amylase digests
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20. | In the swallowing reflex
A. | the soft palate, larynx, and hyoid bone are raised. |
B. | the epiglottis closes off the top of the trachea. |
C. | the tongue presses against the uvula and soft palate. |
D. | muscles pull the pharynx upward toward the food. |
E. | all of the above are true. |
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21. | A hiatal hernia is due to a weakness of the
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22. | The main part of the stomach is called the
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23. | The parietal cells of gastric glands secrete
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24. | Gastrin, which is secreted by certain cells in the stomach,
A. | inhibits the production of hydrochloric acid. |
B. | increases the secretion by the gastric glands. |
C. | changes pepsin into pepsinogen. |
D. | initiates the cephalic phase of digestion. |
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25. | Which of the following is a protein-splitting enzyme found in pancreatic juice?
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26. | All of the enzymes that digest protein are
A. | secreted by the pancreas. |
B. | activated by hydrochloric acid. |
C. | secreted in an inactive form. |
D. | stimulated by enterokinase. |
E. | secreted by the liver. |
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27. | Acute pancreatitis is often caused by the conversion of
A. | trypsin to trypsinogen. |
B. | trypsinogen to trypsin. |
E. | proinsulin to insulin. |
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28. | The hormone secretin
A. | converts trypsinogen into trypsin. |
B. | activates chymotrypsin. |
C. | stimulates the release of pancreatic juice high in bicarbonate ions. |
D. | inhibits the action of pancreatic lipase. |
E. | stimulates salivation. |
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29. | Cholecystokinin secretion from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of
A. | proteins in the stomach. |
B. | carbohydrates and fats in the small intestine. |
D. | proteins and fats in the small intestine. |
E. | carbohydrates in the stomach. |
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30. | The liver
A. | forms glucose from noncarbohydrates. |
C. | destroys damaged red blood cells. |
E. | does all of the above. |
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31. | Which constituent of bile has a digestive function?
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32. | Jaundice, which is characterized by a yellowish tinge to the tissues, is due to an increased blood concentration of
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33. | Gallstones are usually composed of
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34. | Severe liver damage would mainly affect digestion of
E. | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids about equally. |
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35. | The greater omentum is composed of a portion of
A. | the peritoneal membrane. |
B. | the pericardial membrane. |
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36. | The epithelial cells that form the inner lining of the small intestine
A. | are replaced every few days. |
B. | are not able to reproduce. |
C. | are permanent parts of the villi. |
D. | remain where they are first formed. |
E. | differentiate into adipose cells. |
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37. | Lactose intolerance is caused by
A. | deficiency of lactose. |
B. | deficiency of lactase. |
C. | a lack of milk in the diet. |
D. | a lack of a vitamin in the diet. |
E. | increase in dairy consumption. |
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38. | One of the major functions of the large intestine is to
A. | secrete digestive enzymes. |
B. | reabsorb water from chyme. |
C. | regulate the release of bile. |
D. | break down hemoglobin. |
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39. | During the defecation reflex,
C. | abdominal wall muscles relax. |
D. | internal abdominal pressure decreases. |
E. | none of the above happens. |
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40. | The American Heart Association recommends that the percentage of calories in a person's diet derived from fats should not exceed
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41. | Plant proteins typically contain less than adequate amounts of
A. | essential amino acids. |
B. | nonessential amino acids. |
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42. | The results of poor nutrition from lack of nutrients or failure to use them is
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Fill in the Blank Questions
43. | __________ refers to the mixing movements in the alimentary canal; it is accomplished by alternately contracting and relaxing nonadjacent segments.
________________________________________ |
44. | The __________ is a valve that controls the movement of food between the stomach and small intestine.
________________________________________ |
45. | Intrinsic factor is necessary for the normal absorption of __________ from the small intestine.
________________________________________ |
46. | The vomiting center is located in the __________ of the brain.
________________________________________ |
47. | Large, fixed phagocytes in the lining of the hepatic sinusoids are called __________.
________________________________________ |
48. | Bile breaks down fat globules by ________.
________________________________________ |
49. | The double-layered fold of peritoneum that suspends portions of the small intestine is called __________.
________________________________________ |
50. | Fat molecules with longer chains of carbon atoms are transported away from the small intestine by means of ___________.
________________________________________ |
51. | The sphincter muscle located between the small intestine and the large intestine is the ___________.
________________________________________ |