Chapter 14
Lymphatic System and Immunity
True / False Questions
1. | The thymus is in the mediastinum behind the sternum.
True False |
2. | The thymus destroys older, worn out red blood cells.
True False |
3. | During the primary immune response, B cells give rise to plasma cells.
True False |
4. | AIDS is caused by a virus that attacks complement enzymes.
True False |
5. | An immunoglobulin molecule is an antigen that B cells secrete.
True False |
6. | In active immunity, a person becomes immune to a pathogen as a result of having a disease.
True False |
7. | An injection of antibodies produces active immunity.
True False |
8. | As a result of the allergen-antibody reaction, mast cells release histamine.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
9. | Excess fluid is kept from accumulating in tissue spaces by
B. | the cardiovascular system. |
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10. | The structure of a lymphatic vessel is most similar to that of a(an)
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11. | The two collecting ducts that drain the lymphatic trunks are
A. | the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct. |
B. | the lumbar duct and left lymphatic duct. |
C. | the intestinal duct and left intercostal duct. |
D. | the bronchomediastinal duct and subclavian duct. |
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12. | The formation of lymph increases as a result of
A. | increasing osmotic pressure in blood capillaries. |
B. | increasing osmotic pressure in tissue fluid. |
C. | decreasing volume of tissue fluid. |
D. | decreasing protein concentration in tissue fluid. |
E. | increasing the number of white blood cells that leave the blood for the lymph. |
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13. | The movement of lymph through lymphatic vessels is caused largely by
B. | activity of the heart. |
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14. | When a woman had her cancerous right breast removed, the surgeon also removed lymph nodes in the axillary region. As a result, her right arm
A. | lost its blood supply. |
B. | now receives too much blood and swells. |
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15. | The region of a lymph node through which blood vessels pass is called the
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16. | Cells in a lymph node that engulf and destroy damaged cells, foreign substances, and cellular debris are
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17. | The spleen
B. | responds to low oxygen concentration. |
C. | contains many macrophages. |
D. | resembles a large lymph node divided into nodules. |
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18. | Interferon is a group of proteins that cells produce in response to
B. | viruses or tumor cells. |
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19. | The most active phagocytic cells in circulating blood are
A. | neutrophils and monocytes. |
B. | neutrophils and eosinophils. |
C. | monocytes and macrophages. |
D. | lymphocytes and monocytes. |
E. | mast cells and plasma cells. |
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20. | Which of the following is an example of a specific body defense mechanism?
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21. | The cells that are primarily responsible for immunity are
A. | lymphocytes and macrophages. |
B. | neutrophils and lymphocytes. |
C. | monocytes and macrophages. |
D. | lymphocytes and monocytes. |
E. | neutrophils and monocytes. |
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22. | T lymphocytes are responsible for
A. | programming macrophages. |
C. | the cellular immune response. |
D. | the humoral immune response. |
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23. | HIV mainly infects
D. | macrophages and helper T-cells. |
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24. | In HIV infection, reverse transcriptase
A. | makes RNA from viral DNA. |
B. | makes protein from viral RNA. |
C. | makes DNA from viral RNA. |
D. | makes protein from viral DNA. |
E. | makes carbohydrate from viral RNA |
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25. | A normal immune response requires
E. | neither T nor B cells. |
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26. | The most abundant type of immunoglobulin is
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27. | A newborn infant may have some defense against digestive and respiratory disturbances because of IgA antibodies obtained from its mother's
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28. | The type of resistance that is a response to contracting an infectious disease is
A. | naturally acquired active immunity. |
B. | artificially acquired active immunity. |
C. | artificially acquired passive immunity. |
D. | naturally acquired passive immunity. |
E. | vaccine acquired active immunity. |
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29. | As a result of an allergen-antibody reaction,
A. | blood vessels constrict. |
C. | lymphocytes release histamine. |
D. | mast cells release histamine. |
E. | mucus production decreases. |
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30. | In an autoimmune disease, the immune response is directed toward
B. | cells of the body ("self"). |
E. | only cells of the lymphatic system. |
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31. | Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
A. | juvenile rheumatoid arthritis |
C. | type 1 diabetes mellitus |
D. | systemic lupus erythematosus |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
32. | Lymph is __________ that has entered a lymphatic capillary.
________________________________________ |
33. | Disease-causing agents such as viruses and bacteria are called ________.
________________________________________ |
34. | The foreign or "nonself" proteins that trigger immune responses are called ________.
________________________________________ |
35. | Helper T cells release substances called ________.
________________________________________ |
36. | A group of lymphocytes that originate from a single early cell is termed a(an) ________.
________________________________________ |
37. | During the primary immune response, B cells give rise to ________.
________________________________________ |
38. | Immunoglobulins are in the ____________ fraction of plasma proteins.
________________________________________ |
39. | Following a primary immune response, the B cells and T cells that remain dormant but are able to respond to antigens encountered in the future are called _________.
________________________________________ |
40. | An injection of a substance that can stimulate a primary immune response, but is unable to produce the symptoms of a disease, is a(an) ________.
________________________________________ |