Blood Test Bank Docx Ch12

1.

The percentage of red blood cells in a sample of human blood is normally about  
 

2.

Hematocrit is  
 

3.

The biconcave cells in blood that lack nuclei when they are mature are the  
 

4.

Which of the following elements is included in hemoglobin molecules? 
 

5.

The condition called cyanosis is caused by an increased blood concentration of

6.

Sickle cell disease, in which red blood cells contain abnormal hemoglobin,  is caused by  
 

7.

Which of the following is an agranulocyte? 
 

8.

Which of the following usually accounts for the smallest percentage of leukocytes in a blood sample? 
 

9.

The most active phagocytic cells among the leukocytes are 
 

10.

A primary function of lymphocytes is to  
 

11.

The normal white blood cell count is between  
 

12.

Platelets are best defined as  
 

13.

Patients with leukemia have a tendency to bleed because they have a deficiency of  
 

14.

The most important action of plasma albumins is  
 

15.

Nonprotein nitrogenous substances include  
 

16.

Of the plasma electrolytes, the most abundant are  
 

17.

As a platelet plug forms, platelets release the vasoconstricting substance called  
 

18.

The basic event in the formation of a blood clot is the change of  
 

19.

Which of the following serves as an enzyme in the blood coagulation mechanism? 
 

20.

Which of the following is NOT required in the formation of a blood clot? 
 

21.

Prothrombin time is a blood test used to evaluate  
 

22.

Two substances that are useful for dissolving blood clots are  
 

23.

The red blood cells of type AB blood have on their surfaces  
 

24.

The most common blood type in the United States has which type(s) of antibodies in its plasma? 
 

25.

Erythroblastosis fetalis can be prevented by treating 
 

26.

This component normally makes up about 45% of blood volume and this percentage is known as the hematocrit. 
 

27.

Which statement about blood, if any, is false? 
 

28.

Adults of average height and weight have a total blood volume of about ________. 
 

29.

This structural feature of erythrocytes (RBCs) provides increased surface area for oxygen diffusion. 
 

30.

The flattened bioconcave disc shape of an erythrocyte __________. 
 

31.

The blueish color of skin and mucous membranes due to prolonged oxygen deficiency is called ________. 
 

32.

A high red blood cell count can indicate a greater ability to carry oxygen. A normal count for men is about ________ and for women it is about ________. 
 

33.

Red blood cell formation is called _______ . 
 

34.

What is the average life span of an erythrocyte? 
 

35.

Formation of red blood cells is stimulated by this hormone. 
 

36.

All blood cells and platelets develop from this stem cell. 
 

37.

The rate of red blood cell formation is regulated by negative feedback. Considering the function of red blood cells, which one of the following conditions is most likely to cause increased RBC production? 
 

38.

Blood tests revealed a low hematocrit level, which explained why Mr. Jenkins had been feeling so tired and listless. A deficiency of red blood cells reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, a condition called ________. 
 

39.

Only 4 atoms of this trace element are present in hemoglobin, but they mark the 4 binding sites for oxygen. 
 

40.

In an inherited disorder called hemochromatosis, the small intestine absorbs many times the normal amount of this element. 
 

41.

What iron storage disease is inherited and if left untreated, leads to a toxic buildup in body tissues? 
 

42.

What inherited disorder causes hemoglobin molecules to bend into an abnormal shape, blocking blood flow and severely impairing oxygen delivery to tissues? 
 

43.

What is biliverdin? 
 

44.

Jaundice is caused by an accumulation of this substance, which is a product of erythrocyte breakdown.

45.

These phagocytic cells have segmented nuclei and make up more than half of all white blood cells. 
 

46.

These white blood cells usually have bilobed nuclei and cytoplasm filled with granules that appear deeply red in an acidic stain. 
 

47.

The normal range for this granulocyte is 1% - 3% of all circulating WBCs. 
 

48.

Granules in these WBCs appear very dark blue in a basic stain; these cells account for less than 1% of circulating WBCs. 
 

49.

These are the largest white blood cells (WBCs), make up 3% - 9% of circulating WBCs, and have a life span of weeks or even months. 
 

50.

These cells make up 25% - 33% of all circulating WBCs and are closest in size to RBCs. 
 

51.

Some of these WBCs may live for years. 
 

52.

Which type of white blood cells leave circulation and become macrophages? 
 

53.

What is the average life span of a granulocyte? 
 

54.

Which below is NOT true of eosinophils? 
 

55.

How are white blood cells able to leave blood vessels and enter tissue spaces? 
 

56.

What is the function of the hormone thrombopoietin? 
 

57.

What term below specifically refers to a condition of having too many white blood cells? 
 

58.

What could a high white blood cell count indicate? 
 

59.

What term refers to a white cell count that is lower than normal? 
 

60.

What test reveals the percentage of each WBC present in a patient's blood sample? 
 

61.

What is the function of a megakaryocyte? 
 

62.

Which substance is NOT an organic nutrient present in plasma? 
 

63.

Which plasma component below is NOT a nonprotein nitrogenous substance? 
 

64.

________ is the term for stopping bleeding. 
 

65.

What event below could cause smooth muscle of a blood vessel to go into spasms? 
 

66.

What is the major event in blood clotting? 
 

67.

Which statement is true about people with blood type A⁺ ? 
 

68.

What blood group antigens are present in people whose blood type is O^- ? 
 

69.

What blood group antibodies are present in people whose blood type is O^- ? 
 

70.

What happens when a person with anti-A antibodies receives a transfusion of type A blood? 
 

71.

What two vitamins significantly influence red blood cell production and are essential for DNA synthesis? 
 

72.

Blood is a type of epithelial tissue. 
 
True    False

73.

A red blood cell contains a large nucleus; it is thicker near the center and thin around the rim of the cell. 
 
True    False

74.

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of intrinsic factor. 
 
True    False

75.

A platelet plug is formed when fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. 
 
True    False

76.

Plasma contains fibrinogen; serum does not. 
 
True    False

77.

Persons with type AB blood are sometimes called universal donors. 
 
True    False

78.

Formed elements of the blood include proteins, cells, and cell fragments. 
 
True    False

79.

Plasma makes up more than half (55%) of the volume of blood. 
 
True    False

80.

Mature red blood cells cannot divide, do not synthesize hemoglobin and cannot conduct aerobic respiration. 
 
True    False

81.

Macrophages phagocytize old red blood cells and transport hemoglobin to the kidney for elimination. 
 
True    False

82.

A build up of bilirubin causes the yellowish coloration seen in jaundice. 
 
True    False

83.

Interleukins and colony stimulating factors stimulate white blood cell formation and differentiation.

 
 
True    False

84.

Normally, there are 5 different types of white blood cells in the circulating blood. 
 
True    False

85.

Neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils are called granulocytes. 
 
True    False

86.

As a rule, red blood cells are larger than white blood cells. 
 
True    False

87.

Monocytes, lymphocytes and platelets form the agranulocytes. 
 
True    False

88.

Basophils release chemicals that increase blood flow to injured tissues and promote inflammation. 
 
True    False

89.

Lymphocytes function as phagocytes against bacteria. 
 
True    False

90.

Plasma is about 50% water and 50% dissolved substances. 
 
True    False

91.

Albumin, collagen and fibrinogen are the three main types of plasma proteins. 
 
True    False

92.

Plasma proteins serve as solutes that attract and hold water in the bloodstream, which helps maintain osmotic balance. 
 
True    False

93.

Platelets function to repair breaks in blood vessels and clot the blood. 
 
True    False

94.

Most plasma proteins are produced by the liver. 
 
True    False

95.

Oxygen, carbon dioxide and sodium are the 3 main gases dissolved in the blood. 
 
True    False

96.

Glucose is a plasma electrolyte. 
 
True    False

97.

Some plasma electrolytes function to maintain osmotic pressure and also regulate blood pH. 
 
True    False

98.

Platelets forming a platelet plug release serotonin, which causes vessel walls to dilate. 
 
True    False

99.

Agglutination has the same meaning as coagulation. 
 
True    False

100.

Some clotting factors actually promote clot formation but others inhibit it. 
 
True    False

101.

A thrombus is an abnormal clot that forms in a vessel; if the clot or a part of it breaks away into the circulation, it becomes an embolus. 
 
True    False

102.

Calcium is a clotting factor. 
 
True    False

103.

In an adult, red blood cells are produced primarily in the __________. 
 
________________________________________

104.

The hormone released from the kidneys that promotes the production of red blood cells is ________. 
 
________________________________________

105.

Vitamin B12 is important for the production of red blood cells because it is utilized in the synthesis of ___________. 
 
________________________________________

106.

When hemoglobin molecules are decomposed, a greenish pigment called ________ is formed. 
 
________________________________________

107.

Normally the most common type of leukocyte in a blood sample is the ________. 
 
________________________________________

108.

An abnormally low white blood cell count is called ________. 
 
________________________________________

109.

The test in which the percentages of various types of leukocytes in a blood sample is determined is the ________ white blood cell count. 
 
________________________________________

110.

The most abundant type of plasma protein is __________.  
 
________________________________________

111.

__________ is the term used to describe the stoppage of bleeding by any one of several means.  
 
________________________________________

112.

A clot that breaks loose and travels in the blood is called a(n) __________. 
 
________________________________________

113.

The clumping of red blood cells that occurs when transfused blood is of an incompatible type is called ________. 
 
________________________________________