Chapter 7: Community Corrections

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What is judicial reprieve?

a. a delay in sentencing following a conviction that became permanent

b. a sentence suspension by a county sheriff

c. cancellation of a sentence, contingent upon an offender’s future behavior

d. a stay of execution by a state governor

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The first real probation system was developed in the ______ by ______ in Boston, Massachusetts.

a. 1790s; John Augustus

b. 1820s; John Locke

c. 1840s; John Augustus

d. 1870s; John Locke

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What was significant about the Massachusetts legislature’s authorization of Boston’s hiring of probation officers in 1878?

a. It marked the first time probationers received supervision.

b. It marked the first time probation officers received pay.

c. It marked the first time convicted offenders had an alternative to incarceration.

d. It marked the beginning of the first probation program in America.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The passing of the National Probation Act of 1925 afforded ______.

a. judges the ability to suspend sentences and place convicted individuals on probation

b. probation officers the same legal authority as police officers

c. state governments the federal funds necessary for probation programs

d. little actual change, as it was merely a political stunt

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Since 2008, the number of probationers has ______.

a. stayed the same

b. increased over 30%

c. decreased over 30%

d. decreased slightly

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Upon receiving probation, an offender’s sentence is ______.

a. suspended for a set period of time

b. suspended pending good behavior

c. commuted

d. delayed for a limited period

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The term probation comes from a Latin word meaning to ______.

a. promise

b. prove

c. provide

d. probe

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. About ______ of all sentences handed down by U.S. courts are probation orders.

a. 60%

b. 70%

c. 80%

d. 90%

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The practice of judicial ______ was used in British and early American courts to delay a sentence following conviction.

a. discretion

b. sanctioning

c. reprieve

d. suspension

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The National Probation Act was passed in ______.

a. 1907

b. 1925

c. 1946

d. 1961

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2015, 1 out of every ______ adult Americans was on probation.

a. 29

b. 61

c. 92

d. 138

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which of the following are most likely to be on probation?

a. white males

b. black males

c. Hispanic females

d. white females

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Any activity performed by agents of the state to assist offenders in establishing or reestablishing functional law-abiding roles in the community while monitoring their behavior for criminal activity is known as ______.

a. parole

b. community corrections

c. probation

d. judicial reprieve

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. For each offender placed on probation rather than incarcerated, taxpayers save ______ per year.

a. $25,000

b. $35,000

c. $50,000

d. $65,000

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The general public tends to have a negative view of probation because they think it is ______.

a. too expensive

b. not effective

c. soft on crime

d. dangerous

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Studies find that “experienced offenders” ______.

a. prefer prison time

b. prefer probation

c. prefer parole

d. have no preference for punishment

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Imprisonment is ______ times more expensive for taxpayers than probation.

a. 3

b. 6

c. 9

d. 12

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. One of the benefits of probation is that the offender ______.

a. stays in the community and continues to pay taxes

b. is exposed to hardened criminals

c. severs harmful family ties

d. receives inexpensive medical treatment

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to the U.S. Marshals Service, ______ of people in the witness protection program are criminals.

a. 17%

b. 42%

c. 68%

d. 95%

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. According to the U.S. Marshals Service, ______ of people in the witness protection program commit crimes within a year of receiving a new identity.

a. 17%

b. 42%

c. 68%

d. 95%

Learning Objective: 7-2: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for some offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Probation officers are officers of the ______.

a. prison system

b. courts

c. sheriff’s office

d. local police department

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Probation Officer Role

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. In one study, offenders with treatment-oriented social work officers were convicted of new crimes ______ the rate of those supervised by law-enforcement officers.

a. two times less than

b. three times less than

c. twice

d. three times more than

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. It is important that probation officers spend time in their communities, learning about ______.

a. the culture

b. the employment opportunities

c. the ethnic makeup of their communities

d. local access to health care facilities

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. ______ officers set few rules and are reluctant to enforce the ones they set.

a. Authoritative

b. Permissive

c. Hybrid

d. Purposeful

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ officers are firm enforcers but fair, setting boundaries and following through with consequences.

a. Authoritarian

b. Social work

c. Law-enforcement

d. Combination

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. In one study, ______ of probationers received technical violations when supervised by a treatment-oriented officer?

a. 5%

b. 13%

c. 33%

d. 43%

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Probation and parole officers have two main roles: law enforcement officer and ______.

a. profiler

b. investigator

c. social worker

d. supervisor

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Researchers describe ______ probation and parole officers as being authoritative, as having a style similar to the one that the most effective parents adopt.

a. hybrid

b. profiler

c. investigator

d. social worker

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. In 2012, ______ of probationers were ultimately incarcerated.

a. 5%

b. 15%

c. 25%

d. 35%

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the purpose of graduated sanctions for technical violations of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Violations and Graduated Sanctions

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Probation violators constitute about ______ of all individuals admitted to prison each year.

a. one-quarter

b. one-third

c. one-half

d. two-thirds

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the purpose of graduated sanctions for technical violations of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Violations and Graduated Sanctions

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, probation officers earn an average of about ______ a year.

a. $39,000

b. $46,000

c. $52,000

d. $61,000

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Officer Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Job stressors for probation officers include ______.

a. excessive paperwork

b. a large number of promotion opportunities

c. high salaries

d. boredom during the workday

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Officer Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Early English probation practices were driven by the ______.

a. civil rights movement

b. labor movement

c. temperance movement

d. social services movement

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Comparative Corrections: Community Corrections in the United Kingdom

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. In the United Kingdom, probation officers are called ______.

a. offender managers

b. community wardens

c. constables

d. watchmen

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Comparative Corrections: Community Corrections in the United Kingdom

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The idea of social bonds was developed by ______.

a. McNeill

b. Wolfgang

c. Dix

d. Hirschi

Learning Objective: 7-6: Be able to describe the benefits of engaging the community in offender rehabilitation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Powerful barriers against criminal offending are ______ and ______.

a. social bonds; social culture

b. social capital; familial bonds

c. familial bonds; social culture

d. social bonds; social capital

Learning Objective: 7-6: Be able to describe the benefits of engaging the community in offender rehabilitation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Intensive supervision probation, work release, and boot camps are all examples of ______.

a. intermediate sanctions

b. coercive corrections

c. alternative justice

d. community corrections

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of intermediate sanctions in general?

a. They cost less than prison.

b. They reduce prison overcrowding.

c. They lower recidivism rates over prison.

d. They provide for better public safety than regular probation.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. ______ is the act of encouraging probationers to seek treatment through carrots and sticks.

a. Recidivating

b. Sanctioning

c. Probation

d. Coercion

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. ______ involves more frequent surveillance of a probationer and is typically limited to more serious offenders.

a. Intensive supervision

b. Work release

c. Shock probation

d. Victim-offender reconciliation

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. ______ is designed to control offenders in a secure environment while allowing them to maintain employment.

a. Intensive supervision

b. Work release

c. Shock probation

d. Victim-offender reconciliation

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. ______ involves being sentenced to prison, serving a short period of time, and then being placed on probation.

a. Intensive supervision

b. Work release

c. Shock probation

d. Victim-offender reconciliation

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. Individuals selected for shock probation tend to be ______.

a. violent offenders

b. repeat offenders

c. first-time offenders

d. white-collar criminals

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. What is the relationship between corrections boot camps and recidivism?

a. Boot camps reduce recidivism.

b. Boot camps increase recidivism.

c. Boot camps do not reduce recidivism.

d. Boot camps have not been properly assessed.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. What is the relationship between shock probation programs and recidivism?

a. Shock probation programs reduce recidivism.

b. Shock probation programs increase recidivism.

c. Shock probation programs do not reduce recidivism.

d. Shock probation programs have not been properly assessed.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. What is the relationship between work release programs and recidivism?

a. Work release programs reduce recidivism.

b. Work release programs increase recidivism.

c. Work release programs do not reduce recidivism.

d. Work release programs have not been properly assessed.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. When victim–offender reconciliation programs (VORPs) are utilized, about ______ of victims invited to participate accept.

a. 15%

b. 37%

c. 60%

d. 82%

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. Satisfaction reports from victims involved with VORPs indicate that they experience ______.

a. a reduction in their fear of being revictimized

b. increased confusion about the reasons they were victimized

c. frustration with the justice process

d. anger about not receiving restitution

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. VORPs follow which correctional model?

a. rehabilitative

b. restorative

c. retributive

d. incapacitation

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which correctional model is known as the balanced approach?

a. rehabilitative

b. restorative

c. retributive

d. deterrent

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The practice of imprisoning convicted criminals has been the primary means of punishment in the Americas since its discovery.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In 1916, the Supreme Court ruled to allow judges to sentence offenders to probation.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The term probation comes from the Latin word probative, meaning to prohibit.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Fewer than 2 million Americans were on probation in 2012.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. There are more offenders on probation today than at any other time in America’s past.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. In 2012, 68% of probationers successfully completed their conditions of supervision and were released.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Whites constitute about 54% of the adult probation population.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Many jurisdictions require their probationers to pay for the costs of supervision.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Many more offenders get into trouble because of pathologies, not deficiencies.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Most probation/parole officers are white and middle-class.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Probation Officer Role

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. About half of probation officers are female.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Probation Officer Role

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Probation and parole officers are not officers of the court.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Probation Officer Role

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. One study found that 13% of offenders supervised by a hybrid officer received a technical violation.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Authoritarian supervision styles can lead to hostility and rebelliousness among those to whom it is directed.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. In Japan, there are 50,000 professional probation officers and only 800 volunteers.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Comparative Corrections: Community Corrections in the United Kingdom

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Probation officers enjoy a great deal of prestige in Japan.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Comparative Corrections: Community Corrections in the United Kingdom

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. In 2011, the average salary for probation officers was $52,000 a year.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Officer Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Job stress for probation officers may eventually lead to psychological withdrawal from the job, shortchanging probationers and the community.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Probation Officer Stress

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Good case management in community corrections requires little to no community involvement.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Be able to describe the benefits of engaging the community in offender rehabilitation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The boot camp idea of corrections is generally unpopular with the public.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Social capital refers to connections to others and social institutions that promote prosocial behavior and discourage antisocial behavior.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Be able to describe the benefits of engaging the community in offender rehabilitation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Work release is a type of intermediate sanction.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Shock probation was initiated in the United Kingdom in the 1950s.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. VORPs are often used with sex offenders.

Learning Objective: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Minorities constitute the majority of the probation population.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Number and Demographic Characteristics of Offenders on Probation

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Describe the judicial reprieve and discuss the various ways it is present in modern probation practice.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Explain the origins and purpose of probation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Origins of Probation

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain why some seasoned offenders prefer prison to probation.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the various ways in which probation benefits communities, as opposed to imprisonment.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What are the most important job stressors identified by probation officers? How do you think they can be alleviated?

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Probation Officer Stress

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify the three roles probation and parole officers can follow. Provide brief hypothetical scenarios that represent the three roles in action.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. What is shock probation? For which offenders do you believe it is best suited? Why?

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Do you agree or disagree that we need community corrections? Support your response by citing material from the course.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which of the three roles of probation officers do you believe is most effective? Provide evidence from the course to support your position.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Analyze the probation officer role and models of probation supervision.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Models of Probation Supervision

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. What notion does the general public have about offenders receiving probation? Do you agree or disagree with their assessment? Provide evidence to support your response.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why Do We Need Community Corrections?

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. What is intensive supervision probation? What type of offenders better fit this type of probation? Make sure to mention the components of ISP in your discussion.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Identify and discuss two types of intermediate sanctions mentioned in this chapter. Give examples of the types of offenders who would ideally fit these sanctions.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. What are VORPs and why do victims like them?

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Some scholars have discussed using VORPs for violent crimes. Do you think this is appropriate? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify the various intermediate community sanctions and what they have to offer.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. What are social bonds? Discuss why they play an important role in community corrections.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Be able to describe the benefits of engaging the community in offender rehabilitation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Engaging the Community to Prevent Recidivism

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. In your opinion, why do some offenders fail at probation? Use course material to justify your position.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Describe the advantages of probation over incarceration for community offenders.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Entire Chapter

Difficulty Level: Hard