Chapter 9: The Corrections Experience for Staff

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a profession?

a. formal on-the-job training

b. educational attainment

c. a clear and detailed job description

d. pay that is commensurate with the work

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Which of the following is NOT a defining characteristic of a profession?

a. work that is guided by a code of ethics

b. the ability to exercise discretion

c. the existence of a subculture

d. pay that is commensurate with the work

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Shire reeves was the Old English name for ______.

a. prison guards

b. probation officers

c. sheriffs

d. watchmen

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The general public ______.

a. tends to believe corrections officers are overpaid

b. does not generally see corrections work as a profession

c. believes most correctional officers are racists who abuse their power

d. tends to believe corrections officers are underpaid

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Which of the following is a characteristic of a profession?

a. an occupational subculture

b. formal on-the-job training

c. a clear and detailed job description

d. flexibility regarding the education needed for a position

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. How many characteristics typify a profession?

a. 5

b. 7

c. 10

d. 12

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Discretion is defined as the ability to ______.

a. make choices and to act or not act on them

b. distinguish between right and wrong

c. make informed decisions on the basis of ideology and folk-knowledge

d. make ill-informed choices that are not based on experience

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. By 2014, nearly ______ people worked in state and local corrections.

a. 500,000

b. 600,000

c. 700,000

d. 800,000

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. In terms of correctional staff who work directly with inmates, the ratio of men to women is ______.

a. 2 to 1

b. 3 to 1

c. 4 to 1

d. 5 to 1

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. In the beginning of the 21st century, the ratio of inmates to staff in prisons ______.

a. grew significantly

b. grew slightly

c. dropped significantly

d. dropped slightly

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the following workers would probably command the highest salary?

a. stat-level corrections officers working in a prison

b. state-level community corrections officers

c. federal corrections officers working in a prison

d. federal community corrections officers

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Concerns raised regarding the unionization of corrections officers include ______.

a. unions might work to increase incarceration to increase job opportunities

b. union contracts are too restrictive regarding the work people are allowed to do

c. unionization restricts the ability of administrators to fire incompetent officers

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Which of the following would likely command the lowest salary?

a. a union parole officer

b. a nonunion police officer

c. a nonunion corrections officer

d. a union parole officer

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Jails continue to hold ______ of their capacity.

a. about 82%

b. about 78%

c. about 54%

d. over 100%

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. From 1982 to 2006, there was an almost ______ increase in direct expenditures for corrections agencies.

a. 100%

b. 303%

c. 567%

d. 600%

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. A general continuum of correctional professionalism across the field in relation to pay, from most professionalized to least, would likely be ______.

a. jail, community corrections, public prisons

b. community corrections, public prisons, jail

c. public prisons, jail, community corrections

d. community corrections, jail, public prisons

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Police officers at both the state and local levels are paid almost ______ more per year than correctional officers.

a. $2,500

b. $7,000

c. $20,000

d. $40,000

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. According to the text, which is NOT correct about officer pay?

a. Federal probation and parole officers are paid the most.

b. Usually, federal or state-level community corrections officers make more than prison officers at their level of government.

c. County- and city-level officers are paid more than state-level community corrections officers.

d. Usually, federal- or state-level community corrections officers make less than prison officers at their level of government.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. What is NOT one of the concerns about collective bargaining for corrections personnel?

a. Corrections officers don’t deserve better pay.

b. It limits the ability to fire incompetent people.

c. The contracts are too restrictive.

d. Incarceration rates go up to create jobs.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons people who work in corrections might find it gratifying?

a. It is a booming industry.

b. People might want to make a difference in others’ lives.

c. People want to be able to control others.

d. Those attracted to the work are curious about the human psyche.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. In federal facilities in 2005, ______ of the employees were women.

a. 5%

b. 13%

c. 15%

d. 18%

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. In federal facilities in 2005, ______ of the employees were men.

a. 13%

b. 75%

c. 87%

d. 95%

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Negotiations used by union workers to seek benefit provisions from employers are called ______.

a. defects of total power

b. stressors

c. collective bargaining

d. abuse of power

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The ______ found that guards quickly began to abuse their authority.

a. Harvard Incarceration Study

b. Stanford Prison Experiment

c. Yale Power Analysis

d. Westminster Assessment

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The cause of the misbehavior of the guards in the Stanford Prison Experiment was ______.

a. job stress

b. poor supervision

c. difficult inmates

d. power

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. The army initially wanted to blame the Abu Ghraib scandal on ______.

a. media bias

b. an incompetent supervisor

c. dangerous inmates

d. untrained staffers

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

27. Which of the following jobs generally requires the least training?

a. sheriff’s deputy

b. probation officer

c. corrections officer

d. police officer

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The ______ has developed an extensive code of ethics for correctional officers.

a. American Jail Association

b. Academy of Criminal Justice Sciences

c. American Correctional Association

d. National Law Enforcement Association

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The ______ was stopped after only a few days due to ethics issues.

a. San Diego Correctional Experiment

b. Abu Ghraib Scandal

c. Stanford Prison Experiment

d. Sadul Grabi Scandal

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Dahl (1961) defined ______ as being able to “get people to do what they otherwise wouldn’t.”

a. a profession

b. discretion

c. experience

d. power

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. During the ______, prisoners were tortured by mostly untrained “correctional officers” by making them sleep naked, crawl on the floor, and pose in pyramids naked.

a. San Diego Correctional Experiment

b. Abu Ghraib Scandal

c. Stanford Prison Experiment

d. Sadul Grabi Scandal

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The typical correctional job has ______ requirements for formal training or structured experience compared with other professions.

a. slightly more

b. fewer

c. about equal

d. many more

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Which of the following is NOT a personal factor that can affect the correctional workplace?

a. race

b. age

c. prior military service

d. none of these

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. What age do most correctional institutions require applicants to be before they are hired?

a. 18

b. 21

c. 25

d. 16

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Research indicates that female corrections officers are ______.

a. less likely than male officers to be disciplined for sexual harassment

b. more likely than male officers to be involved in “consensual” sexual relations with inmates

c. less likely than male officers to be sexually harassed by male supervisors

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. According to Lipsky, every entry-level public sector worker starts out as ______.

a. a naïve innocent

b. a power-hungry person

c. an accident waiting to happen

d. a street-level bureaucrat

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. A hack is ______.

a. a violent and cynical keeper of inmates

b. a new, untrained correctional officer

c. a burned-out officer who does as little as possible

d. a low-level bureaucrat

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. A correctional officer who provides goods, services, advocacy, and assistance to help inmates adjust is said to take a ______ approach.

a. hack

b. human service

c. social work

d. vocational

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Correctional officer roles include ______.

a. loafer

b. hack

c. expert

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. According to Lipsky (1980), public sector workers with too much work to do, too few resources to do it, and some discretion in how to choose to do it are ______.

a. street-level bureaucrats

b. bean counters

c. gatekeepers

d. passive aggressive

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Current scholars in corrections use the term hack to refer to ______.

a. correctional officers who have attained professional degrees

b. psychologists who work in the correctional system

c. prisoners who run cons on correctional officers and other prisoners

d. guards who rule a prison by brute force

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. The human service role of corrections workers is exemplified by which of the following activities?

a. enforcing professional standards

b. preparing trainees for corrections work

c. advocating for offenders

d. ensuring that pay is commensurate with job requirements

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. The subcultural values of corrections ______.

a. isolate the workers from the inmates

b. always resemble those of inmates

c. include an us-versus-them mentality

d. do not affect what staff members do

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. ______ consists of the norms, values, beliefs, history, traditions, and language held and practiced by an organization.

a. Culture

b. Role

c. Socialization

d. Power

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. ______ can be defined as the norms, values, beliefs, history, traditions, and language held and practiced by a group of people?

a. A role

b. An organizational culture

c. Power

d. A subculture

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. Sykes (1958) notes that staff need inmates to comply with orders, as it would be difficult, if not impossible, to force them to do what they otherwise wouldn’t, which is known as ______.

a. the defects of total power

b. stress

c. collective bargaining

d. the abuse of power

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. Issues such as working late-night shifts and weekends all the time can wreak havoc on personal lives and create ______.

a. defects of total power

b. stress

c. collective bargaining

d. abuse of power

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions with Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. ______ involves right or wrong behavior on the job.

a. Ethics

b. Turnover

c. The use of force

d. Abuse of power

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. What is more likely to occur in environments where administrators do not supervise staff closely enough and inmates have little or no ability to contact the outside?

a. ethics

b. turnover

c. use of force

d. abuse of power

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. In her study of staff members supervising a cottage of boys in a juvenile training facility, what did Inderbitzin (2006) find regarding the different role correctional officers take when supervising children?

a. Their role does not change from the type of role they take on in adult facilities.

b. They serve as their adolescent inmates’ guardians, keepers, counselors. and role models.

c. The staff members who are most effective are those who take on a hack role.

d. They dislike working with juveniles.

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Within the last century, the public has come to consider corrections work a profession.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Dahl (1961) defined discretion as being able to “get people to do what they otherwise wouldn’t.”

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The general public tends not to view corrections work as a profession.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. A profession is typified by five things, one of which is pay and benefits that are commensurate to the work.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Community corrections is arguably the most professionalized sector of American corrections.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Probation officers tend to earn more money than corrections officers.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Police officers and corrections officers are paid about the same wage.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Describe the effect of growth in staff and clients or inmates.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The State of the Work in Correctional Institutions and Programs

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. When corrections work does require a college degree, it is generally a specific degree in criminal justice or criminology.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. When a college degree is required for a job in corrections, it is rarely specifically a criminal justice degree.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. All jails, prisons, and even juvenile institutions require applicants to have a college degree.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. During the Abu Ghraib scandal, volunteers were divided into the roles of inmates and guards.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The Stanford Prison Experiment found that inmates would take advantage of guards if the guards did not act abusively.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Some correctional agencies will hire job applicants as young as 16.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Research indicates that female workers are more likely to be sexually harassed by male workers than male workers are by female workers.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. As the correctional workplace has diversified, so has the importance of race on perceptions of workers and their labor.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Prior military service has not been seen as a valuable attribute of those working in corrections, due to their strict discipline.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Male officers are more like to be involved in “consensual” sexual relations with inmates than are their female counterparts.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Subcultural values can be positive, facilitating officers’ ability to do their work well.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Correctional organizations today are less likely to have as strong a staff subculture as they did in the past.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The hack role serves as a more positive role model for inmates and other officers.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Everyone who works in a correctional agency starts as a street-level bureaucrat.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. A review of studies found that corrections officers who adopted a human service approach expressed less stress on the job than other workers.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The use of force can be seen more in minimum security facilities than anywhere else.

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Staff members who experience stress are more likely to burn out, thus causing higher turnover for the agency.

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Abuse of power is likely to occur in environments where administrators do not supervise staff closely enough.

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Staff Interactions With Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Explain what a profession is. Do you believe corrections is a profession? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 9-1: Compare what makes work a profession as opposed to just a job.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction: What Is a Profession?

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain what steps you think could have helped avoid the Abu Ghraib scandal.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the difference between the hack and human service roles.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. How do you think we should deal with officers who are merely acting in the hack role?

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How do you think we might be able to help correctional officers advance beyond the street-level bureaucrat role?

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Identify and explain four individual-level factors that influence the correctional workplace.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Define subculture and explain how correctional workers are a subculture.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Describe the influence of subculture and socialization on correctional officers.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Subculture and Socialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Compare and contrast the benefits and concerns regarding collective bargaining in corrections.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Discuss and explain the ethical issues that arose during the Stanford Prison Experiment. What implications did this experiment have for future issues and discussions of correctional work?

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Discuss and explain the two roles that correctional staff can take on. Give an example of a situation in which each role would be warranted.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Identify what correctional roles are.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Correctional Roles

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Discuss the discrepancies in pay between correctional staff and law enforcement officers. Do you think they are justified? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Discuss the relationship among stress, burnout, and turnover with staff working in corrections.

Learning Objective: 9-7: Discuss why correctional staff might abuse power and experience stress and burnout.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Staff Interactions with Inmates

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What are the perceived benefits of correctional work? Would they personally be beneficial to you? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Discuss the growth in staff and clients/inmates within correctional institutions, as well as the reasons for this growth.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Describe how and why demographic factors affect corrections.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Individual-Level Factors That Affect the Correctional Workplace

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Explain why education is critical when holding a position within a correctional institution. Give two examples from the chapter that support your answer.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Explain the importance of education and training in the correctional field.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Why Require More Education and Training?

Difficulty Level: Medium