Chapter 8: Prisons and the Correctional Client

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Prison populations are declining in some areas because of ______.

a. the legalization of marijuana

b. mandatory determinate sentencing

c. changes in Bureau of Justice Statistics guidelines

d. a reduction in the use of probation

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Attorney General Jeff Sessions indicated ______.

a. an interest in trying to rehabilitate violent offenders

b. a desire to seek longer sentences for offenders

c. a renewed interest in community corrections

d. an emphasis on private prisons

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. In which year did the incarceration rate peak?

a. 1991

b. 1998

c. 2007

d. 2013

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. By design, prisons are intended to house ______.

a. only serious offenders

b. long-term offenders

c. individuals accused of a crime

d. juvenile delinquents

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Overall, about ______ of federal inmates are in private prisons.

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 30%

d. 40%

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. There are ______ inmates held in military prisons.

a. 1,400

b. 5,830

c. 12,130

d. 18,700

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. It costs approximately ______ a year to house someone in a supermax prison.

a. $20,000

b. $30,000

c. $40,000

d. $50,000

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Which of the following is a characteristic of a supermax prison?

a. Inmates are not allowed any exercise time.

b. There are few rehabilitation programs.

c. Inmates are confined to windowless cells two hours a day.

d. Meals are eaten in small groups of three to five inmates.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The first supermax prison in the United States was in ______.

a. Marion, Illinois

b. Attica, New York

c. Alcatraz, California

d. Florence, Colorado

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Inmates in minimum security prisons are usually ______.

a. not members of minority groups

b. white-collar offenders

c. close to a release date

d. nonviolent

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. On average, prison inmates cost the federal government ______ a year.

a. $20,000

b. $30,000

c. $40,000

d. $50,000

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. As of 2005 there were ______ state and federal prisons in the United States.

a. 789

b. 1,133

c. 1,406

d. 1,821

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. In which type of prison can exterior security be tight while internally providing inmates with many opportunities to attend school, treatment, and church programming?

a. supermax

b. maximum security

c. medium security

d. minimum security

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Although only about one-fifth of the prisons in the United States are designated as maximum security, because of their size, they hold about ______ of the inmates incarcerated in this country.

a. one-fifth

b. one-quarter

c. one-third

d. half

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

15 ______ was the noted sociologist who introduced the concept of total institution.

a. Hirschi

b. Goffman

c. Merton

d. Durkheim

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Goffman conducted a famous study of people in a ______.

a. military boot camp

b. prison

c. mental hospital

d. cult

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. In the process of prisonization, ______.

a. people conduct themselves in a way that makes others see them positively

b. inmates bring aspects of the larger culture into prison

c. prisoners adopt the inmate subculture

d. inmates suffer the loss of roles they occupied in the wider world

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Importation consists of ______.

a. people conducting themselves in a way that makes others see them positively

b. inmates bringing aspects of the larger culture into prison

c. prisoners adopting the inmate subculture

d. inmates suffering the loss of roles they occupied in the wider world

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Mortification involves ______.

a. people conducting themselves in a way that makes others see them positively

b. inmates bringing aspects of the larger culture into prison

c. prisoners adopting the inmate subculture

d. inmates suffering the loss of roles they occupied in the wider world

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. An inmate who has just arrived at prison and is not yet adjusted to the ways of the prison is called a ______.

a. punk

b. square john

c. fish

d. weakling

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. An inmate who sexually pursues other inmates is called a ______.

a. gorilla

b. wolf

c. shark

d. predator

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. What did Goffman (1961) describe as “a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life”?

a. total institution

b. prisonization

c. mortification

d. importation

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Prisonization is best described as ______.

a. the means whereby prisoners adopt the subculture of the institution

b. the general trend of increasing incarceration rates in a given population

c. the bleeding of prison culture into popular culture

d. the manner in which prisoners’ self-perceptions change due to prison violence

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. ______ occurs when an inmate suffers from the loss of the many roles he or she occupied in the wider world.

a. Total institution

b. Prisonization

c. Mortification

d. Importation

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. According to Sykes, why would prison inmates be motivated to engage in deviance?

a. to alleviate the pain associated with imprisonment

b. because they were deviant prior to entering prison

c. to punish their captors and assert their will

d. to reclaim the loss of their own culture

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. When individuals entering prison bring with them aspects of their own culture from the outside, it is known as ______.

a. total institution

b. prisonization

c. mortification

d. importation

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Deprivation of ______ involves surrendering all of an inmate’s personal property upon entering prison.

a. goods and services

b. autonomy

c. liberty

d. security

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. What did Sykes argue can have a cumulative effect of destroying the psyche of the inmate?

a. pains of imprisonment

b. prison subculture

c. rioting

d. mature coping

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. A subset of culture within a prison that has its own norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and even language is known as a ______.

a. pain of imprisonment

b. prison subculture

c. riot

d. mature coping

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Which of the following is NOT an inmate role identified by Sykes and Messinger (1960)?

a. the beast

b. the fish

c. the wolf

d. the gorilla

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Which of the following is a major prison gang identified by the Florida Department of Corrections?

a. Neta

b. Aryan Guerilla Family

c. California Syndicate

d. Mexican Brotherhood

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Deprivation of ______ involves not being able to decide when to eat, sleep, and work.

a. goods and services

b. autonomy

c. liberty

d. heterosexual relationships

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Deprivation of ______ involves not being able to have contact with whomever an offender wants to whenever he or she wishes.

a. goods and services

b. autonomy

c. liberty

d. heterosexual relationships

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. When inmates “seek positions of power, influence and sources of information” to obtain goods and services they have been denied, they have adopted the ______.

a. convict code

b. mature coping strategy

c. convict subculture

d. status of double deviant

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Deprivation of ______ involves inmates having to live with other inmates at the risk of being victimized.

a. goods and services

b. autonomy

c. liberty

d. security

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Groups of people with similar interests who socialize together and may engage in deviant or criminal activities are known as ______.

a. gangs

b. similar subcultures

c. rioters

d. mature coping groups

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. What is the name for group violence that poses a direct threat to the inmates in a prison?

a. gangs

b. prison subculture

c. rioting

d. sexual assault

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS), about ______ of the state prison population is incarcerated for violent offenses.

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 90%

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. A decent prison is one in which ______.

a. prisoners are subject to very little supervision

b. there are abundant options for rehabilitative programming

c. there is relatively little violence

d. inmate autonomy is limited

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. ______ is endemic to prisons.

a. Mature coping

b. Rioting

c. Violence

d. Sexual assault

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Which type of violence is used to achieve some end?

a. active violence

b. verbal violence

c. instrumental violence

d. expressive violence

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Which type of violence is an angry outburst?

a. active violence

b. verbal violence

c. instrumental violence

d. expressive violence

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. The bloodiest prison riot in American history was the ______.

a. Attica Prison riot

b. Stateville Prison riot

c. New Mexico Prison riot

d. San Quentin Prison riot

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. The ______ was about overcrowding conditions and resulted in 33 inmates being killed by other inmates.

a. Attica Prison riot

b. Stateville Prison riot

c. New Mexico Prison riot

d. San Quentin Prison riot

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. Dealing with life’s problems like a responsive and responsible human being is one aspect of ______.

a. mature coping

b. autonomy

c. responsibility

d. liberty

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. Research finds that mature coping in the prison system is ______.

a. absent

b. relatively rare

c. relatively common

d. very common

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. Which population is increasing in prisons and jails at an exponential rate?

a. the elderly

b. the physically ill

c. the mentally ill

d. the homeless

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. The deinstitutionalization of the ______ prison population came about as a result of the civil rights movement and related efforts to increase the rights of powerless people.

a. elderly

b. physically ill

c. mentally ill

d. LGBTI

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

49. The number of ______ inmates in the correctional population is unknown.

a. elderly

b. physically ill

c. mentally ill

d. LGBTI

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. There appears to be a greater acceptance of transgendered inmates in ______ prisons.

a. men’s

b. women’s

c. private

d. military

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Pretrial detainees are generally held in prisons while awaiting their trial.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. As of 2012, the combined incarceration rate for U.S. jails and prisons was the highest in the Western world, at 712 per 100,000 U.S. residents.

Learning Objective: 8-2: Describe what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The first supermax prison in the United States was in Attica, New York.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Incarceration in a supermax prison is expensive, at about $50,000 per year, as compared to $20,000 to $30,000 to incarcerate an adult male in a lower-security prison.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Supermax facilities have the greatest internal and external security controls.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Prisoners residing in maximum-security facilities are more subject to the pains of imprisonment than are those in minimum-security facilities.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Placing someone in prison is a very expensive decision, costing states and the federal government at least $50,000 per year for adult males and more than double that for women and children.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Because of the materials used in their construction, supermax prisons are at least two to three times more expensive to build than “regular” prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The pains of imprisonment identified by Sykes inflict physical rather than psychological destruction upon prisoners.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Goffman (1961) believed that total institutions had the effect of debilitating their inmates.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Inmate language is also known as inmate argent.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Prison gangs have a hierarchical organizational structure and a set, and often strict, code of conduct for members.

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Subcultures are less likely to flourish in environments where groups of individuals are isolated from the larger culture.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Deprivation of employment is one of the pains of imprisonment identified by Sykes.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Prison gangs are a recent development in correctional facilities.

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. A person experiences prisonization when he or she adopts the inmate subculture of an institution.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. One of the most notorious incidences of prison rioting occurred in Mobile, Alabama, in 1971.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Data indicate that 4.0% of prison inmates experience sexual assaults in a given year.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. According to the BJS, in 2011, 10% of the allegations of sexual assault in prison were substantiated.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. According to the BJS, more than 10% of prison inmates reported experiencing sexual victimization in 2011–2012.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. In order for inmates to successfully find niches, autonomy must be limited.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Expressive support is material and includes the exchange of goods and money.

Learning Objective: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Protecting sexual orientation and gender identity minorities in prisons presents a problem for correctional officials.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Transgender female prisoners are much more likely to report being sexually assaulted than other inmates.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The Affordable Care Act of 1974 ended much of the federal support for mental hospitals.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. In your opinion, do supermax prisons represent good correctional policies? Provide evidence to support your position.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain how maximum-security prisons differ from supermax prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Define Goffman’s notion of a total institution and explain how it applies to prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Define the term importation and explain how it applies to prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify and provide an example of each of the pains of imprisonment.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Define mature coping and explain how you think prisons can facilitate this phenomenon.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The text states that “as America, the correctional populations are graying.” Discuss four collateral consequences that derive from that fact.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Explain what types of inmates are held in the different classifications of prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-1: Describe the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prison Organizations

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify, describe, and provide an example of five inmate roles identified by Sykes and Messinger.

Learning Objective: 8-4: Evaluate the roles of inmates, staff, and prison gangs and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Explain what influences the degree to which the various “pains of imprisonment” are experienced by prisoners.

Learning Objective: 8-3: Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Attributes of the Prison That Shape the Experience

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. What factors influence rioting? Discuss strategies you believe can be used to prevent rioting.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Identify and explain what you believe are the most crucial issues that arise when dealing with medically ill inmates in prison.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Explain in detail the three strategies you believe will be most effective in preventing violence in prisons.

Learning Objective: 8-5: Identify the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Explain the importance of social support for inmates.

Learning Objective: 8-3; Explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Discuss how you think prisons can best deal with the challenges presented by transgendered inmates.

Learning Objective: 8-6: Describe the challenges of meeting the needs of aging, physically and mentally ill, and LGBTI (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex) inmates in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Special Populations

Difficulty Level: Medium