Chapter 6: The Spiritual Person

Test Bank

Multiple choice

1. A person’s search for a sense of meaning and morally fulfilling relationships between oneself, others, and the universe is called ______.

a. religion

b. faith

c. spirituality

d. ideology

Learning Objective: 6-2: Compare and contrast the definitions of spirituality and religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Meaning of Spirituality

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The patterning of spiritual beliefs and practice into social institutions, with community support and traditions maintained over time, is called ______.

a. religion

b. faith

c. spirituality

d. ideology

Learning Objective: 6-2: Compare and contrast the definitions of spirituality and religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Meaning of Spirituality

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. A universal aspect of human existence which is an integral, centering process underlying the formation of beliefs, values, and meanings is called ______.

a. religion

b. faith

c. spirituality

d. ideology

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The development of a personal self, including ideas, outlook, and worldview, is called ______.

a. religion

b. faith

c. spirituality

d. ideology

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What is the most prevalent religious affiliation in the United States?

a. Judaism

b. Christianity

c. Islam

d. Buddhism

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality in the United States and Globally

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A therapeutic approach based on dynamic theories of human behavior with the prime concern to deal with repression and resolving instinctual conflicts is which of the following?

a. first force therapies

b. second force therapies

c. third force therapies

d. fourth force therapies

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. A therapeutic approach based on transpersonal theories and specifically targeted to the spiritual dimension of a person’s life is which of the following?

a. first force therapies

b. second force therapies

c. third force therapies

d. fourth force therapies

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. A therapeutic approach that evolved from behavioral theories and focuses on learned habits is which of the following?

a. first force therapies

b. second force therapies

c. third force therapies

d. fourth force therapies

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A therapeutic approach rooted in experiential/humanistic/existential theories and helps the person to deal with existential despair and seeks the actualization of individual potential is which of the following?

a. first force therapies

b. second force therapies

c. third force therapies

d. fourth force therapies

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Infants who are learning to trust or not to trust their immediate environment, developing a sense of object permanence, and forming first images or a sense of the ultimate are in which of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. synthetic-conventional faith

b. mythic-literal faith

c. universalizing faith

d. pre-stage: primal faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Adolescents who have a capacity for abstract thinking and manipulation of concepts which affects the process of developing both identity and faith are in which of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. synthetic-conventional faith

b. mythic-literal faith

c. universalizing faith

d. pre-stage: primal faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Young adults who have increased responsibility for commitments, lifestyle, beliefs, and attitudes are in which of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. synthetic-conventional faith

b. individuative-reflective faith

c. universalizing faith

d. intuitive-projective faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Most middle-aged people do not reach this stage of faith development, which requires the integration of what has been suppressed or unrecognized in an earlier stage of development. Which of Fowler’s stages of faith development does this represent?

a. conjunctive faith

b. mythic-literal faith

c. universalizing faith

d. individuative-reflective faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. When children have the tools of speech and symbolic representation they are in which of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. mythic-literal faith

b. universalizing faith

c. intuitive-projective faith

d. conjunctive faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. When children take on stories, beliefs, and practices that symbolize belonging to their community, they are in which stage of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. synthetic-conventional faith

b. mythic-literal faith

c. universalizing faith

d. prestage-primal faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. People who are able to live sacrificial lives aimed at transformation of humankind are in what stage of Fowler’s stages of faith development?

a. synthetic-conventional faith

b. mythic-literal faith

c. universalizing faith

d. prestage-primal faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Various developmental milestones that unfold within the human psyche describe which of the four components of Wilber’s integral theory of consciousness?

a. self-system

b. lines of consciousness

c. states of consciousness

d. levels of consciousness

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Ordinary experiences such as sleeping or dreaming and non-ordinary experiences such as peak experiences or religious experiences describe which of the four components of Wilber’s integral theory of consciousness?

a. self-system

b. lines of consciousness

c. states of consciousness

d. levels of consciousness

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Developmental streams such as cognition, morals, and spirituality describe which of the four components of Wilber’s integral theory of consciousness?

a. self-system

b. lines of consciousness

c. states of consciousness

d. levels of consciousness

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. All levels, lines, and states of consciousness are navigated by which of the following components of Wilber’s integral theory of consciousness?

a. self-system

b. developmental streams

c. phases of transcendence

d. multiethnic awareness

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. The most recent Gallup Polls reports that what percent of the American population attend religious services on a weekly basis?

a. 8%

b. 37%

c. 75%

d. 90%

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality in the United States and Globally

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Ulrich Beck’s understanding of spirituality focuses on ______.

a. search for divine transcendence

b. folk healing and shamanism

c. institutionalized religion

d. positive human qualities

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality in the United States and Globally

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The security and certainty of one’s view of the universe, one’s answer to profound and mundane questions, and one approach to organizing collective life is known as ______.

a. sacred canopy

b. Christian privilege

c. Islamic foundation

d. social constructionism

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality in the United States and Globally

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. A major focus of transpersonal theory is ______.

a. humanity’s highest potential

b. understanding and realization of intuitive spiritual and transcendent state of consciousness

c. relevance of a transpersonal orientation to the realm of everyday life

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. Fowler’s stages of faith development is most associated with which of the major theoretical perspectives?

a. psychodynamic

b. social constructivist

c. developmental

d. humanistic

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Gandhi, Mother Teresa, and Martin Luther King, Jr. are thought to have attained which stage of faith that most people never reach?

a. conjunctive faith

b. universalizing faith

c. transcendent faith

d. ultimate faith

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Five broad historical phases trace the development of linkages between spirituality and social work in the U.S. The phase that included competing explanations of human behavior that distinguished between individual moral blame and a focus on social reform and social justice is which of the following phases?

a. sectarian origins

b. resurgence of spirituality

c. transcending boundaries

d. indigenous pre-colonial period

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Role of Spirituality in Social Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. An important nonsectarian Afrocentric tradition of celebrating African American strengths and empowerment is known as ______.

a. Zoroastrianism

b. Shintoism

c. Kwanzaa

d. Wicca

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Many recent investigations concerning spirituality suggest ______.

a. positive workings of the mind are trainable skills through meditation

b. stressors that affect the brain are harmful to a person’s health and well-being

c. links between subjective experiences reported during mediation and alterations in brain function

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Individual and Collective Well-Being

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. When people pattern their spiritual beliefs and practices into social institutions, this reflects their spirituality.

Learning Objective: 6-2: Compare and contrast the definitions of spirituality and religion.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Meaning of Spirituality

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. First force therapies are based on dynamic theories of human behavior and are concerned with dealing with repression and resolving instinctual conflicts by developing insight.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Third force therapies evolved from behavioral theories, focus on leaned habits, and seek to remove symptoms through various processes of direct learning.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Faith is a broad concept that can be expressed even by people who do not believe in God.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In Fowler’s stages of faith development, he found a positive relationship between age and stage development and suggested that as we age we move to a higher state of spirituality.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The ultimate environment, which is considered to be the highest level of reality, is an important concept in Fowler’s stages of faith development.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. We should view Fowler’s stages of faith development as achievement goals or steps necessary for salvation.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. According to Fowler’s stages of faith development, the stage of adolescence and beyond is called synthetic-conventional faith, which refers to the capacity for abstract thinking and manipulation of concepts, which affects the process of developing both identity and faith.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. According to Fowler’s stages of faith development, the stage of intuitive-projective faith happens in early childhood between ages 2-7 when they have new tools of speech and symbolic representation.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Compare and contrast spirituality and religion.

Learning Objective: 6-2: Compare and contrast the definitions of spirituality and religion.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Meaning of Spirituality

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Describe the rationales for including spirituality in social work education.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Implications for Social Work Practice

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Briefly discuss what you have learned about spirituality and race/ethnicity in one of the following groups: African Americans, Hispanic and Latino(a) Americans, Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders, or Native Americans.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. List the four possible ways that many LGBTQ persons resolve the tension they experience between their faith and their sexuality.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Identify and describe Canda and Furman’s four alternative ideological responses to LGBTQ persons within Christianity.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Orientation

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Choose one race/ethnicity group identified in the chapter and describe the most important spirituality themes associated with this group.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Race and Ethnicity

Difficulty Level: medium

7. Identify and describe the phases in the history of spirituality in the development of social work.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Role of Spirituality in Social Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Explain how this chapter on the spiritual person has helped you to be more aware of different religious or spiritual paths. Cite examples of information that has contributed to this awareness. From your learning, what do you need to do to be more aware of your own values, beliefs, and biases concerning religion and spirituality?

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Full Chapter

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify the usefulness of transpersonal theories of human development in social work practice. Cite examples of what you learned.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Transpersonal Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Compare and contrast Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of spiritual development. How do you think these models are useful to social work practice? Cite examples of why you think they are useful.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development, Wilber’s Integral Theory of Consciousness

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Explain the role of spirituality in social work practice. Discuss the progress of the profession in reference to having an interest in spirituality as a dimension of a person’s life.

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Role of Spirituality in Social Work

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Discuss the critiques of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories within the context of conflict perspective.

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Fowler’s Stages of Faith Development, Wilber’s Integral Theory of Consciousness

Difficulty Level: Hard

13. Explain what you have learned about spirituality and human diversity. Specifically, discuss the impact of religion and spirituality in the lives of oppressed groups.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Spirituality and Human Diversity

Difficulty Level: medium

14. Discuss the evidence that links spirituality and mental health.

Learning Objective: 6-4: Give examples of the impact of spirituality and religion in the lives of oppressed groups and people coping with different problems of living.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Problems in Living

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Why is important to assess clients’ spirituality?

Learning Objective: 6-5: Demonstrate how to gather information about a client’s religious or spiritual history.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Spiritual Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Give examples of questions you might ask when assessing a client’s spirituality.

Learning Objective: 6-5: Demonstrate how to gather information about a client’s religious or spiritual history.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spiritual Assessment

Difficulty Level: Medium

17. Draw a diagram to illustrate Wilber’s quadrants and levels of consciousness

Learning Objective: 6-3: Describe the major contributions of Fowler’s and Wilber’s theories of human spirituality.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Wilber’s Integral Theory of Consciousness

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. What are the three factors significant to understanding religious conflict today?

Learning Objective: 6-6: Apply knowledge of human spirituality to recommend guidelines for social work engagement, assessment, intervention, and evaluation.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Spirituality in the United States and Globally

Difficulty Level: Hard