Chapter 7: The Physical Environment

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following theories presents the key idea that the physical environment is source of sensory information essential for human well-being?

a. control theory

b. stimulation theory

c. behavior settings theory

d. place attachment theory

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stimulation Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Biophilia means ______.

a. the natural environment is more important than the built environment

b. humans have a genetically based need to affiliate with nature

c. behavioral settings generate new skills

d. the damage done to the environment

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which of the following theories presents the key idea that humans desire to manage their physical environments?

a. control theory

b. stimulation theory

c. behavior settings theory

d. place attachment theory

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Control Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following theories presents the key idea that consistent, uniform patterns of action occur in particular settings?

a. control theory

b. stimulation theory

c. behavior settings theory

d. place attachment theory

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavior Settings Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Selective control of access to the self or to one’s group defines which key concept for understanding the physical environment and behavior relationships?

a. crowding

b. sociality

c. activity

d. privacy

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Privacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ model of disability emphasizes the barriers people with impairments face as the result of the relationship between the individual and the environment.

a. Social

b. Control

c. Behavioral

d. Ecocritical

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Accessible Environments for People with Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. People who live in urban areas are thought to have a physical health advantage over those who live in suburban or rural areas. Why?

a. Those who live in urban areas walk more than others.

b. the increase in the number of single-occupancy housing in urban areas

c. more hospital settings and medical facilities in urban areas

d. less crime and pollution in urban areas

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Urban Design and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. What theory proposes that interacting with nature restores depleted cognitive resources?

a. nature-cognition theory

b. natural environment theory

c. attention restoration theory

d. psychophysiological stress recovery theory

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. The unpleasant experience of being spatially cramped defines which key concept for understanding the physical environment and behavior relationships?

a. sensory stimulation

b. crowding

c. hyperpresence

d. density

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Ecofeminism views ______.

a. the oppression of women and the domination of nature as interconnected

b. women as the dominators of the environment

c. men as the only dominators of the environment

d. women as ideal to promote environmental issues

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ecocritical Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. The ______ approach(es) environmental issues from the standpoint of the rights of nature, not the rights of humans.

a. natural environment concept

b. behavior settings theories

c. ecological justice movement

d. ecocritical theories

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmental and Ecological Justice

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Physical designs that discourage social interaction are called ______.

a. privacy space

b. individual space

c. sociopetal space

d. sociofugal space

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Built Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Physical designs that encourage social interaction are called ______.

a. sociofugal space

b. sociopetal space

c. personal space

d. social interaction space

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Built Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. ______ is technology-developed and used to support individuals with disabilities to perform functions that might otherwise be difficult or impossible.

a. Assistive technology

b. Social technology

c. Media technology

d. Disability technology

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Technology

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Lois is uncomfortable with others getting physically too close and hugging her. She prefers a wide physical distance when interacting with others. This represents which one of the following terms?

a. social space

b. private space

c. personal space

d. territoriality

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personal Space

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Helen has been a member of a women's support group for over a year. Tara is a new member and has suggested several changes for activities of the group. Helen is uncomfortable with Tara because she feels an ownership for past traditions of the group and feels that Tara is somewhat invading with her suggestions. This represents which one of the following terms?

a. crowding

b. territoriality

c. personal space

d. privacy

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A territory that evokes feelings of ownership that we control on a relatively permanent basis and that is vital to our daily lives is a ______.

a. public territory

b. secondary territory

c. personal territory

d. primary territory

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. John is a frequent customer at the local Starbucks. He enjoys the table by the window but sometimes on more crowded days this table is available. He is pretty relaxed about sitting somewhere else. What type of territory does this situation define?

a. public territory

b. secondary territory

c. personal territory

d. primary territory

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Territories that are open to the community and we make no attempt to control are ______.

a. public territories

b. secondary territories

c. personal territories

d. primary territories

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. A portion of the environment that is influenced by geological and nonhuman biological forces is the ______.

a. geographic environment

b. public environment

c. natural environment

d. territorial environment

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Which of the following is a benefit of spending time in the natural environment?

a. overcoming relationship conflict

b. increasing religious participation

c. fostering a sense of control

d. fostering a sense of permanence

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. The portion of the physical environment which we attribute solely to human effort is the ______.

a. built environment

b. public environment

c. natural environment

d. territoriality environment

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Built Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. The most recent addition to understanding the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior comes from which area of study?

a. anthropology

b. theology

c. neuroscience

d. sociology

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Built Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. As a result of recent research suggesting the psychological benefits of time spent in nature, there has been a call for which of the following as a part of psychotherapy?

a. cognitive behavioral therapy

b. EMDR

c. neuropathy

d. ecotherapy

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction with the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Behaviors of different persons in the same setting are more similar than the behaviors of the same person in different settings. This is a key concept of which theory?

a. social learning theories

b. behavior settings theories

c. control theories

d. stimulation theories

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavior Settings Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Open-plan cubicles in the workplace have the potential to diminish which of the following needs of workers?

a. privacy

b. communications

c. territoriality

d. stimulation

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical) | 7.4 Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Privacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. What act seeks to end discrimination against persons with disabilities and promote their full participation in society?

a. Rehabilitation Act

b. Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act

c. Americans with Disabilities Act

d. Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Accessible Environments for Persons with Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The use of physiological and health-outcome measures to evaluate the health benefits of hospital design is known as ______.

a. ecotherapy

b. the healing environment

c. behavior setting theory

d. evidence-based design

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Healing Environments

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The key idea of stimulation theory is that the physical environment is a source of sensory information essential for human well-being.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Stimulation Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The key idea behind control theory is that consistent, uniform patterns of behavior occur in particular settings.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Control Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Privacy involves control over information about oneself, but no control over interactions with others.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Privacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Boundary regulating mechanisms help people to gain greater control over their physical environments through personal space and territoriality.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Control Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The physical distance we choose to maintain in interpersonal relationships is called personal space or interpersonal distance.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personal Space

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Territoriality can be referred to as the behavior of individuals and small groups when they seek control over physical space.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Crowding can be referred to as the ratio of persons per unit area of a space.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crowding

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Density can be defined as the subjective feeling of having too many people around.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Crowding

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. A benefit of spending time in the natural environment, as based on stimulation theory research, is that it can improve concentration.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Place identity can be considered a merging of place and self when a particular place becomes an important part of a person’s self-identity.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Recognize the role of place attachment in human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Place Attachment

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. In general, people are homeless because they choose to be.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Suggest policy options for the social problem of homelessness.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Homelessness

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. List and define four key concepts for understanding physical environment-behavior relationships.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. List four of the benefits of time spent in the natural environment as based on stimulation theory research.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction With the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Briefly discuss the research findings of privacy and personal space and how it affects individuals.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Privacy, Personal Space

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain the federal definition of homelessness.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Suggest policy options for the social problem of homelessness.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Homelessness

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Define Title I and Title II of the ADA, which seek to eliminate environmental barriers to the full participation of persons with disabilities.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accessible Environments for Persons with Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Define Title II, Title IV, and Title V of the ADA, which seek to eliminate environmental barriers to the full participation of persons with disabilities.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Accessible Environments for Persons with Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Describe what new urbanist designers are designing and why.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Urban Design and Health

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Define primary, secondary, and public territories.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify the ways that behavior settings theory is relevant for planning social work programs.

Learning Objective: 7.2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Behavior Settings Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. What are some of the non-place settings that behavior settings theory has been extended to explain?

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Behavior Settings Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. What is ecotherapy and why is it important in social work practice?

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction with the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Describe the challenges Ben Watson experienced in his physical environment after his fall.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Case Study

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Explain and discuss control theory in relation to the four concepts central to the work of control theorists: privacy, personal space, territoriality, and crowding. How does understanding of these concepts help us to work more effectively with clients?

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Control Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Research on the relationships between human behavior and the natural environment identifies many beneficial effects associated with person/natural environment transactions. Discuss several ways in which aspects of the natural environment affect our physical and emotional well-being. Cite examples from your own life and others of how the natural environment has benefited you.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction with the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Identify and describe the five titles of the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Accessible Environments for Persons with Disabilities

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Explain and discuss the concepts of place attachment and place identity in reference to the homeless population. Cite examples of what you have learned about the problems associated with people who do not have housing.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Recognize the role of place attachment in human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Place Attachment

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Give examples of primary, secondary, and public territories.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Territoriality

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Explain how built environments promote health, healing, and social interaction. Give examples and provide citations.

Learning Objective: 7.4: Give examples of the impact of the built environment on human behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Urban Design and Health

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Discuss how digital technology may be changing how people define their personal space.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Summarize four categories of theories about the relationship between the physical environment and human behavior (stimulation, control, behavior settings, and ecocritical).

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Discuss how the natural environment has the potential to damage well-being.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Give examples of the benefits and cost of time spent in the natural environment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Benefits and Costs of Human Interaction with the Natural Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Give examples of current and near-future assistive technology.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Technology

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. List features of evidence-based design for health care settings.

Learning Objective: 7-7: Demonstrate an ability to evaluate specific built environments for their accessibility for people with disabilities.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Healing Environments

Difficulty Level: Hard