Chapter 24 Circulation And Respiration Full Test Bank

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 24 Circulation and Respiration

1) Which of the following is found in an open circulatory system?

A) a heart

B) hemolymph

C) veins

D) arteries

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

2) If you were constructing a list of functions of the vertebrate circulatory system, which of the following would you exclude?

A) transportation of red blood cells

B) distribution of nutrients throughout the body

C) regulation of body temperature

D) protection from injury

E) None of the answers would be excluded because they are all characteristics of the circulatory system.

3) Exchange of nutrients and gases between tissue cells and the blood takes place through the walls of

A) veins.

B) arterioles.

C) capillaries.

D) venules.

E) arteries.

4) You have found a new kind of squirrel which shows backward flow of blood in its veins. What is probably missing?

A) thick, muscular walls

B) a tiny lumen

C) contractile ability

D) venous valves

E) blood pressure

5) Which of the following would you expect to find in blood plasma?

A) dissolved vitamins and hormones

B) salts and ions

C) metabolites and wastes

D) proteins and water

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

6) ________ are the blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body.

A) Erythrocytes

B) Leukocytes

C) Thrombocytes

D) Platelets

E) Osteocytes

7) Macrophages, neutrophils, and lymphocytes are different types of white blood cells, also known as

A) erythrocytes.

B) leukocytes.

C) thrombocytes.

D) platelets.

E) osteocytes.

8) In humans, what is the average percentage of hematocrit found in the bloodstream?

A) 10%

B) 25%

C) 45%

D) 75%

E) 1%

9) Trace the wave of depolarization through the heart.

A) SA node → atria → ventricles → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers

B) AV node → atria → SA node → ventricles → Purkinje fibers → bundle of His

C) AV node → atria → SA node → Purkinje fibers → bundle of His → ventricles

D) SA node → atria → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → ventricles

E) ventricles → atria → AV node → bundle of His → Purkinje fibers → SV node

10) A doctor is examining a patient. While listening to their heart, the doctor hears a liquid sloshing sound. They inform the patient that they have

A) a lub dub.

B) atherosclerosis.

C) a heart murmur.

D) low blood pressure.

E) high blood pressure.

11) Blood moves fastest when passing through a capillary.

12) The average life span of a red blood cell is approximately ________ days.

A) 15

B) 30

C) 60

D) 120

E) 200

13) ________ main function is to defend the body against parasites.

A) Erythrocytes'

B) Neutrophils'

C) Eosinophils'

D) Basophils'

E) Monocytes'

14) Platelets are important in

A) blood clotting.

B) transporting carbon dioxide.

C) the cellular immune response.

D) inflammation.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

15) Some vertebrates limit heat loss in a cold environment using

A) valves in the veins.

B) a gastrovascular cavity.

C) fibrinogen.

D) interstitial fluid.

E) countercurrent heat exchange.

16) Which of the following has the correct order, of blood flow, from the heart to the body and back to the heart.

A) arteries → arterioles → capillaries → venules → veins

B) venules → arterioles → capillaries → veins → arteries

C) veins → venules → capillaries → veins → arteries

D) arteries → venules → veins → arterioles → capillaries

E) arteries → venules → capillaries → arterioles → veins

17) All vertebrates have a closed circulatory system.

18) In lab, your instructor asks you to sort animals based on their circulatory system. Which of the following would you place in the "open circulatory" column?

A) crocodile

B) cat

C) insect

D) earthworm

E) whale

F) bird

19) Humans have a four-chambered heart with two separate pumping systems.

20) Which valve in the human heart prevents oxygenated blood from going back into the left atrium?

A) bicuspid (mitral) valve

B) aortic semilunar valve

C) tricuspid valve

D) pulmonary semilunar valve

E) superior vena cava

21) In the condition known as ________, fats accumulate on the inner walls of the arteries, narrowing the diameters of arteries and also leading to elevated blood pressure.

A) a heart murmur

B) Purkinje fibrosis

C) erythrocytosis

D) atherosclerosis

E) endocarditis

22) Which of the following animals has a gastrovascular cavity?

A) flatworms, such as Planaria

B) mollusks, such as clams

C) vertebrates, such as fish

D) arthropods, like insects

E) vertebrates, such as birds

23) Which of the following animals has a closed circulatory system?

A) earthworm

B) fly

C) protists

D) flatworms

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

24) The sinoatrial (SA) node initiates contraction of the heart.

25) Mollusks and arthropods have closed circulatory systems.

26) Basophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the inflammatory response.

27) Blood plasma is 90% water.

28) Fibrinogen is a soluble lipid involved in blood clotting.

29) The fraction of the total volume of the blood that is occupied by red blood cells is called the blood's hematocrit.

30) In a ________ circulatory system, blood is pumped by a heart through blood vessels.

31) ________ are blood vessels that move blood away from the heart.

32) ________ are tiny blood vessels leading away from capillaries to veins.

33) The heart valve guarding the entrance to the aorta is the ________ ________ valve.

34) During a heart contraction, blood is prevented from going back into the right atrium, by the one-way valve called the

A) bicuspid (mitral) valve.

B) tricuspid valve.

C) pulmonary semilunar valve.

D) aortic semilunar valve.

E) superior vena cava.

35) If you were reading blood pressure, the top number, or the high number is the ________ pressure, while the bottom number, or low number, is the ________ pressure.

36) The veins leading from the lungs to the heart are the ________ veins.

37) The structure of the vertebrate lung through which gases are exchanged with the blood is the

A) pleural membrane.

B) bronchiole.

C) bronchus.

D) alveolus.

E) trachea.

38) During inhalation, air flows into the lungs because

A) air pressure is greater outside the body than in the lungs and naturally flows inside once the chest has expanded.

B) the strong chest muscles are sucking in air.

C) air moves passively in and out of the lungs through time.

D) the surfactant in the lungs "draws" in air because of its adhesive properties.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

39) During normal exhalation, air leaves the lungs because

A) air currents outside the body draw air out of the lungs in a process called transpiration.

B) the strong chest muscles force air out by squeezing the chest cavity and decreasing the air pressure inside the lungs.

C) the diaphragm and chest muscles relax, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and making air pressure greater inside the lungs than outside so it flows outward.

D) there is more carbon dioxide inside the lungs than outside so air flows outward by diffusion.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

40) During gas exchange, in the presence of carbon dioxide, the hemoglobin molecule

A) binds to bicarbonate molecules.

B) changes shape, giving up oxygen more readily.

C) changes shape, to obtain more oxygen molecules.

D) dissociates.

E) uses more ATP.

41) Red blood cells are capable of transporting

A) oxygen only.

B) carbon dioxide only.

C) oxygen and carbon dioxide.

D) nutrients.

E) vitamins.

42) The tube that connects the air inhaled through the nasal cavity and mouth to the lungs is called the

A) esophagus.

B) bronchus.

C) trachea.

D) bronchiole.

E) diaphragm.

43) Sound is made as air passes through the voice box, also called the

A) larynx.

B) trachea.

C) pharynx.

D) nasal cavity.

E) epiglottis.

44) Which type of animal does not obtain its oxygen by diffusion from surrounding water across the body surface?

A) sponges

B) dolphins

C) cnidarians

D) roundworms

E) frogs

45) In which of the following organisms would you find gills?

A) snails

B) clams

C) sea stars

D) guppies

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

46) Which of the following is a false statement regarding gills?

A) In fish, the gills are protected by an operculum.

B) Fish pump water over the gills.

C) In echinoderms, the gill is a thin sheet of tissue that waves through the water.

D) Terrestrial arthropods have gills.

E) Capillaries line the gill walls.

47) In terrestrial arthropods, gases are exchanged

A) within gills.

B) within tracheae.

C) within lungs.

D) across the skin.

E) within capillaries.

48) In the human respiratory system, the ________ separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

A) diaphragm

B) pleural membrane

C) trachea

D) bronchus

E) stomach

49) In mammals, the ________ covers each lung and lines the thoracic cavity, coupling the lungs to the walls of the thoracic cavity.

A) bronchus

B) diaphragm

C) operculum

D) pleural membrane

E) alveoli

50) The hemoglobin molecule has a central ________, which has a high binding affinity for oxygen.

A) nitrogen

B) calcium

C) iron

D) zinc

E) sodium

51) Which of the following statements about hemoglobin is false?

A) It consists of alpha and beta chains.

B) It is found inside red blood cells.

C) It binds to oxygen.

D) It can bind to carbon dioxide.

E) It is composed of 3 protein subunits.

52) The function of the epiglottis is to

A) separate the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.

B) bind to carbon dioxide in red blood cells.

C) increase the buffering capacity of blood.

D) cover the trachea when food is being swallowed.

E) line the interior of the thoracic cavity.

53) Spiracles are found in gills to help increase the surface area.

54) A mixture of lipoprotein molecules, called ________, reduces surface tension and prevents the alveoli from collapsing.

55) During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and the chest cavity ________.

56) ________ muscle lines the exterior of the bronchioli.

57) Lungs can draw in air when the pressure is less in the lungs than in the atmosphere. This is referred to as ________ pressure.

58) Carbon dioxide transport relies on the respiratory system. Select all that apply to its transport.

A) It competes with oxygen for hemoglobin binding.

B) It is carried by hemoglobin at a different location than oxygen.

C) Some CO2 is simply dissolved in plasma.

D) It is inhaled with other gases.

E) Its presence makes the hemoglobin retain its shape.

59) Arterioles contract and constrict their diameter

A) when the muscle lining is stimulated by nerves.

B) when pressure is exerted on them.

C) after a heartbeat.

D) after inhalation.

E) when there are high temperatures.

60) During each contraction, arteries have to be able to ________ to withstand the pressure from the heart.

61) You are asked to make a list of what features of capillaries facilitate adequate transfer of oxygen and nutrients. Which of the following would you exclude from your list?

A) They are narrow in diameter.

B) They have thin walls.

C) Red blood cells move through single file.

D) Blood pressure is high.

E) Red blood cells move slowly.

62) Veins are much smaller than arteries because they

A) transport less blood.

B) do not incur the pressures from the heart.

C) are unidirectional.

D) carry blood back to the heart.

E) have muscles that prevent them from collapsing.