Ch25 The Path Of Food Through The Animal Test Bank + Answers

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 25 The Path of Food Through the Animal Body

1) The USDA's nutrition plate indicates that as a guideline, about ________ of your dietary plate should contain fruits and vegetables.

A) 25%

B) 75%

C) 33%

D) 50%

E) 15%

2) Fats have ________ calories per gram, while carbohydrates and proteins both have ________ calories per gram.

A) 9.3; 4.1

B) 4.1; 9.3

C) 10; 5

D) 17.6; 6.5

E) 12; 3

3) Essential organic substances that are used in only tiny amounts by the body are called

A) trace elements.

B) hormones.

C) vitamins.

D) minerals.

E) essential amino acids.

4) An example of a trace element in the diet is

A) cobalt.

B) carbohydrates.

C) protein.

D) calcium.

E) iron.

5) Animals that consume both plants and other animals are called

A) herbivores.

B) carnivores.

C) omnivores.

D) detritivores.

E) decomposers.

6) The first site of starch breakdown in the digestive system is

A) in the small intestines.

B) in the stomach.

C) the mouth.

D) the esophagus.

E) in the large intestines.

7) The first site of protein digestion in the digestive system is

A) in the small intestines.

B) in the stomach.

C) the mouth.

D) the esophagus.

8) Within the stomach lining, special cells secrete substances to aid digestion. Which type of cells secrete hydrochloric acid?

A) parietal cells

B) chief cells

C) enteroendocrine cells

D) mucus cells

E) white blood cells

9) Most digestion and the major site of absorption is in the

A) small intestine.

B) cecum.

C) colon.

D) large intestine.

E) stomach.

10) The innermost layer of the vertebrate digestive tract is called the ________. It consists of an epithelium that lines the lumen.

A) serosa

B) muscularis

C) mucosa

D) submucosa

E) cecum

11) The ________ secretes digestive enzymes and bicarbonate solution into the small intestine to aid digestion and neutralize the HCl from the stomach.

A) liver

B) gallbladder

C) spleen

D) pancreas

E) colon

12) Microvilli are present to increase the area available for absorption in the

A) small intestine.

B) large intestine.

C) stomach.

D) gallbladder.

E) colon.

13) The pancreatic hormones regulate levels of ________ in the blood.

A) oxygen

B) insulin

C) glucose

D) glycogen

E) cholesterol

14) An endoscope is used by doctors to examine the intestines for any abnormal growths by first entering through the mouth. If a doctor was exploring the small intestines, which part of the small intestines would they first examine?

A) ileum

B) duodenum

C) jejunum

D) colon

E) appendix

15) The large intestines

A) are about 1 meter long.

B) function to store solid waste.

C) absorbs about 6% of fluid.

D) have many bacteria that ferment and produce gas.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

16) Which substance emulsifies fats in the small intestine?

A) bicarbonate

B) bile

C) pepsin

D) hydrochloric acid

E) gastric juices

17) Which part of the small intestines is devoted to absorbing water and products of digestion into the bloodstream?

A) ileum

B) duodenum

C) jejunum

D) colon

E) rectum

18) ________ is secreted by the pancreas to neutralize acid in chyme.

A) Hydrochloric acid

B) Bile

C) Chymotrypsin

D) Insulin

E) Bicarbonate

19) Bile is made in the ________ and stored in the ________.

A) stomach; liver

B) liver; gallbladder

C) cecum; appendix

D) rectum; pancreas

E) pancreas; gallbladder

20) Pepsinogen is made by ________ cells of the ________.

A) Langerhans; pancreas

B) bile; liver

C) parietal; stomach

D) chief; stomach

E) mucus; large intestine

21) While the key function of the large intestines is to prepare waste for excretion, which of the following can be absorbed during the process?

A) some amino acids

B) vitamin K

C) vitamin D

D) calcium

E) bile

22) Stomach ulcers

A) are mainly found in the large intestines.

B) may occur in alkaline environments.

C) are increased by an infection with Helicobacter pylori.

D) are incurable.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

23) A layer of calcified tissue called ________ surrounds the pulp of a tooth.

A) gingiva

B) enamel

C) dentin

D) the crown

E) cementum

24) Birds have ________, which contains small pebbles that grind up seeds and other hard plant material.

A) a throat

B) small intestines

C) a gizzard

D) a cecum

E) teeth

25) If you found a new organism which had a digestive tract with no specialized regions, you would classify it as a(n)

A) nematode.

B) earthworm.

C) salamander.

D) bird.

E) insect.

26) Individuals in poorer nations may develop weakness, tender gums, and bleeding of the skin due to a lack of vitamin C. This disorder is known as

A) pellagra.

B) rickets.

C) pernicious anemia.

D) beriberi.

E) scurvy.

27) Which trace element is a component of thyroid hormones?

A) iron

B) vitamin B12

C) iodine

D) zinc

E) manganese

28) Which of the following is considered a healthy BMI?

A) 38

B) 20

C) 16

D) 27

E) 60

29) The islets of Langerhans are in the ________ and produce ________.

A) pancreas; insulin

B) stomach; hydrochloric acid

C) stomach; intrinsic factor

D) mouth; saliva

E) pancreas; bile

30) The presence of ________ in the duodenum triggers the release of bile by the gallbladder.

A) carbohydrates

B) protein

C) vitamins

D) fats

E) minerals

31) The portion of tooth that projects above the gums is called the

A) dentin.

B) pulp.

C) crown.

D) enamel.

E) cementum.

32) Cnidarians digest their food intracellularly.

33) No digestion occurs within the large intestine.

34) It is possible to determine the nature of an animal's diet just by looking at the teeth of the animal.

35) Humans cannot synthesize certain amino acids and must obtain them in the diet.

36) A gastrovascular cavity is an example of a digestive cavity with one opening.

37) A function of the pancreas is to remove toxins, pesticides, and other poisons from the blood.

38) Heterotrophs that are exclusively meat eaters are termed ________.

39) The digestive tube leading from the mouth to the stomach is the ________.

40) Food moves through the digestive system with the aid of ________, special muscular contractions of the food tube.

41) In the small intestine, each of the cells covering a villus is covered on its outer surface with projections called ________.

42) Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the ________.

43) According to the 2016 National Institutes of Health report, approximately ________ of Americans are overweight or obese.

A) 90%

B) 70%

C) 50%

D) 25%

E) 10%

44) According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture guidelines, which section of your plate should have the most food to maintain a healthy BMI?

A) fruits

B) vegetables

C) protein

D) grains

E) dairy

45) If you ate a baked potato, the enzyme salivary ________ would initially break it down in the mouth.

46) Acid reflux results from a constricted sphincter.