Ch26 Maintaining The Internal Environment Verified Test Bank

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 26 Maintaining the Internal Environment

1) The dynamic constancy of the internal environment of animals, in which conditions such as temperature, pH, and nutrient concentrations are kept within narrow limits, is termed

A) negative feedback loop.

B) the set point.

C) osmoregulation.

D) homeostasis.

E) osmostasis.

2) Which of the following animals can maintain a relatively constant body temperature independent of its environment?

A) flatworms

B) spiders

C) dogs

D) alligators

E) butterflies

3) In the mammalian nephron, blood flows into a specialized capillary network called the ________, and components of the blood plasma are filtered out.

A) Bowman's capsule

B) glomerulus

C) protonephridium

D) loop of Henle

E) proximal tubule

4) Where does selective reabsorption of components of the glomerular filtrate occur?

A) Bowman's capsule

B) glomerulus

C) loop of Henle

D) collecting duct

E) proximal tubule

5) Which of the following animals is more or less dependent on the environmental temperature, and may need to alter its behavior to maintain a constant temperature?

A) rattlesnakes

B) rabbits

C) pigeons

D) mice

E) cats

6) Which organ detects and responds to changes in blood glucose levels?

A) liver

B) gallbladder

C) thymus

D) pancreas

E) thyroid

7) When blood sugar is low, ________ from the pancreas stimulates the breakdown of ________ in the liver.

A) insulin; glycogen

B) glycogen; glucose

C) glucagon; glycogen

D) insulin; glucagon

E) glucagon; protein

8) If you were to observe bird droppings, you would see a white pasty portion known as

A) ammonia.

B) uric acid.

C) urea.

D) nitric acid.

E) urine.

9) Which of the following animals would eliminate nitrogenous waste from their body in the form of ammonia?

A) sharks

B) birds

C) reptiles

D) bony fish

E) humans

10) The tube that connects the kidney to the bladder is called the

A) urethra.

B) aorta.

C) renal artery.

D) ureter.

E) inferior vena cava.

11) The filtering device at the top of each nephron is called a (the)

A) loop of Henle.

B) ureter.

C) Bowman's capsule.

D) collecting duct.

E) proximal tubule.

12) Normal glomerular filtrate consists of

A) only glucose.

B) blood cells and glucose.

C) ions, glucose, and water.

D) ions, glucose, water, and urea.

E) ions, glucose, water, urea, and blood cells.

13) Which nutrient, when metabolized for energy, produces nitrogenous wastes?

A) amino acids

B) carbohydrates

C) lipids

D) vitamins

E) minerals

14) What is the waste product of fish?

A) urea

B) ammonia

C) uric acid

D) urine

E) nitric acid

15) In a homeostatic system, the integrating center executes changes to compensate for deviations from a set point.

16) All mammals are endothermic.

17) If a person eats a large amount of protein, this will trigger insulin production.

18) Kidney stones form in the kidneys and only obstruct the functions of the kidneys.

19) Filtrate passes through the proximal tubule of the nephron before the distal tubule.

20) When human body temperature gets too high, the hypothalamus responds by causing blood vessels to constrict.

21) The regulation of the body's water and salt composition is called ________.

22) In humans, osmoregulation of the blood plasma and the elimination of toxic nitrogenous wastes from the blood is accomplished by organs called the ________.

23) In a type of homeostatic control system called a ________ ________ loop, a response that changes a condition back toward the set point causes the integrating center to stop directing effectors to produce that response.

24) The ________ is the functional unit of the kidney that performs the functions of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

25) ________ is the filtrate left in the collecting duct to be expelled from the body after the kidney has reabsorbed the nutrients and water that it needs.

26) Some mammals, like the kangaroo rat of the desert, have extremely long loops of Henle in their kidneys. What purpose must this serve?

27) Explain how Bowman's capsule works.