Chapter 14 Exam Questions The War Of The Union, 1861 1865

Chapter 14: The War of the Union, 1861–1865

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

TRUE/FALSE

1. Four additional states joined the original seven states of the Confederacy after the fighting broke out.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

TOP: Taking Sides

2. The North’s victory in the Civil War was guaranteed because the South enjoyed no significant advantages over the Union.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

TOP: Regional Advantages

3. The First Battle of Bull Run was a Union defeat.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

TOP: First Bull Run

4. Union forces suffered defeat at Shiloh because of Grant’s heavy drinking.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

TOP: Shiloh

5. Lincoln replaced McClellan as Union commander because McClellan was overly aggressive.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

TOP: McClellan’s Peninsular Campaign

6. The Battle of Antietam marked the bloodiest single day of the Civil War.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

TOP: Antietam—The Turning Point

7. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the Confederacy and the four border states that never seceded.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

TOP: Emancipation Proclamation

8. For many American women, the Civil War provided new opportunities that marked a significant change in their status.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

TOP: Women and the War

9. With the absence of Southern congressmen during the war, Republicans blocked the National Banking Act of 1863.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

TOP: Government during the War

10. The paper money known as greenbacks issued by the U.S. Treasury during the war was not backed by gold or silver.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

TOP: Union Finances

11. Copperheads were members of the extreme fringe of the peace wing of the Democratic party.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

TOP: Union Politics and Civil Liberties

12. Robert E. Lee’s gamble to invade northern territory and fight at Gettysburg was a complete and utter failure for Confederate forces.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

TOP: Gettysburg

13. General Grant’s strategy was to relentlessly attack the Confederates, grind down their numbers, and reduce their will to fight.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

TOP: Grant’s Strategy

14. One reason the Civil War could be described as a “modern war” is because of the improved weapons technology that was available.

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

TOP: The First “Modern” War

15. Robert E. Lee believed that the South lost the Civil War because the North simply had superior resources.

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

TOP: The Debate Continues

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Why did the North enjoy a numerical advantage over the army of the South?

a. The cause behind the war was far more popular and motivating in the North.

b. Northerners forced slaves to fight on their behalf.

c. The North had more states, and these states had a higher population.

d. The North was more successful recruiting from other nations.

e. The North allowed the wealthy to hire people to go to fight in their place.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Regional Advantages

MSC: Analyzing

2. What was one area in which the South had an advantage over the North during the Civil War?

a. The amount of foundries

b. The amount of railroad tracks

c. The number of factories

d. The experience of the military leadership

e. The availability of international shipping

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Regional Advantages

MSC: Analyzing

3. Part of the success of the Confederacy during the Civil War was due to

a. the ability to fight a defensive war the vast majority of the time.

b. the North’s reluctance to be too successful lest England and France were to become involved.

c. the North’s geographic vulnerabilities to invasion.

d. the lack of bridges and roads in the South.

e. the inability of the North to find a competent commander.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Regional Advantages

MSC: Analyzing

4. Southerners during the Civil War liked to compare themselves to

a. Caesar’s army at Thermopylae.

b. those fighting the British during the American Revolution.

c. Napoleon’s forces at the Battle of Waterloo.

d. Andrew Jackson’s defeat of the British at the Battle of New Orleans.

e. Patton’s victory over the Germans in the Franco-Prussian War.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Regional Advantages

MSC: Understanding

5. Why did the North enact a blockade on the Confederacy during the Civil War?

a. To persuade them to rejoin the Union

b. To deny them the imports they needed to survive

c. To stop the shipment of cotton to France to get them to join the war

d. To attack Washington, D.C. undetected

e. To divert the goods shipped overseas to internal markets

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Union’s “Anaconda” Plan

MSC: Understanding

6. Which of the following was a goal of the Confederacy in the Civil War?

a. To receive support from England

b. To receive support from Mexico

c. To drag the fighting out indefinitely

d. To employ slaves as soldiers, if necessary

e. To reconstruct the Union after victory was secured

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Confederate Strategy

MSC: Analyzing

7. What percentage of the Northern forces was foreign born during the Civil War?

a. 10 percent

b. 25 percent

c. 50 percent

d. 75 percent

e. 95 percent

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Forming Armies

MSC: Remembering

8. Because of __________, the South enacted a draft much earlier than the North during the Civil War.

a. a smaller male population

b. the higher percentage of slaves

c. a higher casualty rate during the early days of the war

d. a lack of able-bodied volunteers

e. so many early battle defeats

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Comparisons and Connections

TOP: Forming Armies

MSC: Analyzing

9. In the South, a man could get out of being drafted by

a. being a conscientious objector.

b. declaring himself an invalid.

c. claiming to need to take care of a child.

d. hiring someone to take his place.

e. sending a slave to fight in his stead.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Forming Armies

MSC: Understanding

10. Most of the more than three million soldiers, Union and Confederate, were

a. volunteers.

b. draftees.

c. immigrants.

d. planters’ sons.

e. more than 30 years old.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Why They Fought

MSC: Remembering

11. The most intense fighting west of the Mississippi River occurred

a. in Texas.

b. along the Kansas-Missouri border.

c. in the Kansas-Nebraska territory.

d. in California.

e. along the New Mexico-Mexico border.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Kansas and Indian Territory

MSC: Remembering

12. Why was the battle of Shiloh significant?

a. It ended with the least casualties of any Civil War battle and demonstrated advancements in artillery.

b. It was a highly strategic battle, putting an end to a series of battles won through lucky accidents.

c. Grant realized that the only way that the Civil War would come to an end would be through “complete conquest.”

d. It was the last battle of the Civil War, resulting in a decisive Union victory and the Confederacy’s surrender.

e. It was one of the few battles to take place in the North and caused some Union land to be lost to the Confederacy.

OBJ: 1. Identify the respective advantages of the North and South in the war and explain how they affected the military strategies of the Union and the Confederacy.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Shiloh

MSC: Understanding

13. Why did Lincoln choose to abolish slavery in 1862?

a. Union successes had made it politically viable.

b. Union defeats crushed morale and he wanted to use the issue to rebuild it.

c. He wanted to break up the slaves loyalties to their masters to advance the Union’s cause.

d. He did so to prevent Germany from recognizing the Confederacy and joining the war.

e. He did so that he could win reelection.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Emancipation

MSC: Evaluating

14. Slaves who ran away to Union army troops were

a. returned to their masters.

b. killed.

c. considered “contrabands of war.”

d. armed and forced to fight against the Rebels.

e. given their freedom.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Slaves in the War

MSC: Understanding

15. What was a result of the Battle of Antietam?

a. Lincoln dismissed Gen. George McClellan.

b. The South would never again invade the North.

c. McClellan was made Commander in Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic.

d. Lee was replaced as commander of the Union forces.

e. Missouri seceded from the Union.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Antietam—The Turning Point

MSC: Understanding

16. Which of the following statements about the Emancipation Proclamation is accurate?

a. It abolished slavery in the Union.

b. It abolished slavery in the United States of America.

c. It abolished slavery in the border states of Missouri and Kentucky.

d. It abolished slavery in the Confederate-controlled South.

e. It was never ratified by Congress.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Emancipation Proclamation

MSC: Analyzing

17. By the middle of the Civil War, riots occurred in __________ because white laborers feared freed slaves would migrate north and take their jobs.

a. New England

b. Chicago

c. New York

d. Michigan

e. Indiana

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: New York City Draft Riots

MSC: Remembering

18. In 1863, the __________ was created to recruit African Americans to the Union Army.

a. Bureau of Colored Troops

b. Freedmen’s Bureau

c. U.S. War Department

d. Morrill Enlistment Act

e. Douglass Brigade

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Blacks in the Military

MSC: Remembering

19. By the end of 1862, many northern Democrats were calling for __________ because of a lack of progress by Union armies.

a. a replacement for Grant

b. impeachment of Lincoln

c. more funds for the military

d. a negotiated peace

e. a complete military pullout

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Fredericksburg

MSC: Evaluating

20. Which of the following statements about the role of African Americans in the Union military is accurate?

a. For nearly all of the war, African Americans could not join because of the Militia Act.

b. Lincoln strongly encouraged the participation of freed slaves as soldiers.

c. African Americans still experienced widespread racism in the Union military.

d. While they could join the army, African Americans could not join the Union navy.

e. The Union army recruited African Americans long before the Emancipation Proclamation.

OBJ: 2. Evaluate Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation and its impact on the war.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Blacks in the Military

MSC: Understanding

21. As a result of the Civil War, vacancies in traditional male jobs were often filled by

a. immigrants.

b. women.

c. slaves.

d. indentured servants.

e. children.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Women and the War

MSC: Remembering

22. __________ claimed that the Civil War advanced by 50 years the progress of women in gaining social and economic equality.

a. Ethel Rosenbaum

b. Clara Barton

c. Abraham Lincoln

d. Mary Todd Lincoln

e. Frederick Douglass

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Women and the War

MSC: Remembering

23. Who was the only woman to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for her service in the Civil War?

a. Dorothea Dix

b. Cady Stanton

c. Elizabeth B. Anthony

d. Mary Edwards Walker

e. Clara Barton

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Women and the War

MSC: Remembering

24. What did the Pacific Railway Act, Homestead Act, Morrill Land Grant College Act, and National Banking Act all have in common?

a. A Democrat-dominated Congress enacted them without Lincoln’s support.

b. Congress drafted this legislation only after the Union had won the war and reorganized the government.

c. They reflected the belief of Republicans that an activist federal government could promote economic development.

d. They contributed to the deterioration of the national economy and the smaller role of the federal government.

e. They helped cause United States manufacturers to be the least protected in the world in terms of foreign imports.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Government during the War

MSC: Applying

25. As southern states began to secede in 1860, the U.S. Congress focused on __________ to finance a potential war.

a. generous donations from wealthy businessmen

b. confiscating private property

c. creating a personal income tax

d. obtaining loans from Great Britain

e. taxes, paper money, and government bonds

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Union Finances

MSC: Understanding

26. What did the Confederacy do by 1863 because it was desperate for money by 1863?

a. It declared itself insolvent.

b. It tried to tax nearly everything.

c. It asked the Union for a loan.

d. It tried to sell New Mexico to Mexico for $20 million.

e. It printed $100 million in paper money to be circulated.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Confederate Finances

MSC: Understanding

27. Because of the economic distress of the Confederacy,

a. rapid inflation occurred.

b. the Confederate Congress taxed far less.

c. the Confederacy was forced to surrender prematurely.

d. rapid deflation occurred.

e. the prices of goods plummeted.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Confederate Finances

MSC: Understanding

28. Which of the following statements about Copperhead Democrats is accurate?

a. They were Democrats in southern states who supported the Union.

b. They included major politicians such as Abraham Lincoln.

c. They were influential members of Congress who formally declared war in the South.

d. They lived in the North and openly sympathized with the Confederacy.

e. They led the initiative to enact the Habeas Corpus Act of 1863.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Union Politics and Civil Liberties

MSC: Understanding

29. As the Civil War dragged on, Confederate President Jefferson Davis faced criticism because of

a. food shortages and high prices.

b. his indecisiveness.

c. his lack of military experience.

d. his emphasis on states’ rights and disregard for the Confederate government.

e. the secretiveness of his administration.

OBJ: 3. Analyze how the war affected social and economic life in the North and South.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Confederate Politics and States’ Rights

MSC: Analyzing

30. The defeat of the Confederate forces at __________ effectively broke the Confederacy in two.

a. Chancellorsville

b. Vicksburg

c. Chattanooga

d. Atlanta

e. Gettysburg

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Vicksburg

MSC: Understanding

31. Which of the following statements about the Battle of Gettysburg is accurate?

a. It was ultimately a draw.

b. It was a terrible loss for the North.

c. It was a stimulating victory for the South.

d. It was the last time the Confederacy would invade the North.

e. It ended when the Confederacy laid siege to Washington, D.C.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Gettysburg

MSC: Understanding

32. After the defeat at __________ the South had lost the war in the West.

a. Bull Run

b. Shiloh

c. Antietam

d. Chattanooga

e. Saratoga

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Chattanooga

MSC: Understanding

33. In the presidential election of 1864, Radical Republicans tried to

a. recruit a southerner to the ticket.

b. prevent Lincoln’s nomination to a second term.

c. insert a pro-slavery plank into the platform.

d. split off and form a third party.

e. insert an anti-war plank into the platform.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: A Wartime Election

MSC: Understanding

34. What was Grant’s goal in capturing Petersburg?

a. To capture the Confederate capitol

b. To destroy the munitions plant there

c. To capture the railroad hub located there

d. To free the prisoners of war held there

e. To draw Lee away from Sherman’s march to the sea

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Grant’s Pursuit of Lee

MSC: Analyzing

35. In late 1864, Gen. Sherman took 60,000 troops on a __________ through Georgia in order to wage a “modern” war against Confederate soldiers and civilians.

a. “triumphant march”

b. “scorched-earth expedition”

c. “march to the sea”

d. “foray into the wilderness”

e. “seek-and-destroy mission”

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

MSC: Understanding

36. For revenge against the first state to secede, Union troops marched through South Carolina in early 1865 and

a. destroyed the entire cotton crop.

b. burned all cotton gins and textile mills.

c. captured and imprisoned all men under 35.

d. burned more than a dozen towns.

e. court-martialed and shot anyone in uniform.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Sherman’s “March to the Sea”

MSC: Understanding

37. Officially, the Civil War came to an end at

a. Chattanooga.

b. Richmond.

c. Palmito Ranch.

d. Appomattox Court House.

e. Washington, D.C.

OBJ: 4. Describe the military turning points in 1863 and 1864 that ultimately led to the Confederacy’s defeat.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Appomattox

MSC: Understanding

38. By the end of the Civil War, the North had become a modern industrial region, whereas the South’s economy was

a. stagnant.

b. not as good, but fair considering the circumstances.

c. just beginning to recover.

d. becoming a modern agricultural region.

e. cut in half.

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: A Transforming War

MSC: Understanding

39. As a result of the Civil War the political balance in the United States

a. shifted from North to South.

b. shifted from South to North.

c. became frozen in a politically destructive atmosphere.

d. shifted from East to West.

e. shifted from West to East.

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Union Preserved

MSC: Understanding

40. Which of the following were new industries developing after the Civil War?

a. Railroads and canal construction

b. Textiles and cigarettes

c. Whaling and shipbuilding

d. Sawmills and flour mills

e. Steel and petroleum

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Union Preserved

MSC: Understanding

41. The greatest killer in the Civil War was

a. the Union.

b. the Confederates.

c. disease.

d. the bayonet.

e. the cannon.

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The First “Modern” War

MSC: Remembering

42. Which of the following were occupations that opened up for women because of the Civil War?

a. Nurses, managers, and ministers

b. Attorneys and physicians

c. Engineers, accountants, and bankers

d. Editors and reporters

e. Telegraph operators and teachers

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Social Changes Wrought by the War

MSC: Remembering

43. Which amendment abolished slavery in the United States?

a. Twelfth Amendment

b. Thirteenth Amendment

c. Fourteenth Amendment

d. Fifteenth Amendment

e. Sixteenth Amendment

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Thirteenth Amendment

MSC: Remembering

44. Which of the following was the reason Robert E. Lee gave for the South’s defeat?

a. The North’s overwhelming numbers and resources

b. Ineffective southern leadership at the end of the war.

c. An inexperienced president

d. Lack of transportation in the South

e. A Confederate congress that tried to conduct the war “on the cheap”

OBJ: 5. Explain how the Civil War changed the nation.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Debate Continues

MSC: Understanding

ESSAY

1. What were the advantages of the North and the South at the beginning of the Civil War? How did they affect the military strategies and the ultimate outcome of the conflict?

Answers will vary

2. Why did President Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What were the social and political effects of the document?

Answers will vary.

3. Discuss the role black soldiers played in the Civil War. How widespread was their use, and how were they received by their fellow soldiers?

Answers will vary.

4. In what ways can the Civil War be considered the first “modern” war?

Answers will vary.

5. Explain how the Civil War changed both northern and southern society. Discuss social, political, and economic issues.

Answers will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person with one of the following descriptions.

a. Served as Lincoln’s second vice president

b. Famously stood with his Confederate soldiers like a stone wall at the battle of Bull Run

c. Became one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans

d. Led a “march to the sea” to destroy the South

e. Devised the Union’s “anaconda strategy”

f. Was the 1864 Democratic presidential candidate

g. Was a Civil War nurse who later founded the American Red Cross

h. Served as a Union admiral and captured New Orleans

i. Served as a Union general and made a grave strategic mistake at Fredericksburg

j. Was a Civil War nurse who had been born into slavery and later ran a school for freedpeople

1. David Farragut

2. Thomas Jackson

3. Andrew Johnson

4. Ambrose Burnside

5. George B. McClellan

6. Winfield Scott

7. William T. Sherman

8. Clara Barton

9. Thaddeus Stevens

10. Susie King Taylor