Test Bank Docx Ch.15 Reconstruction, 1865 1877 Shi

Chapter 15: Reconstruction, 1865–1877

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the federal government’s major challenges in reconstructing the South after the Civil War.

2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

5. Explain the significance of Reconstruction to the nation’s future.

TRUE/FALSE

1. The South emerged from the Civil War with a strong, diversified economy.

OBJ: 1. Identify the federal government’s major challenges in reconstructing the South after the Civil War.

TOP: The War’s Aftermath in the South

2. The Freedmen’s Bureau was the first federal effort to provide assistance directly to people rather than to states.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

TOP: The Freedmen’s Bureau

3. President Johnson’s plan to restore the Union closely resembled President Lincoln’s.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

TOP: Johnson’s Plan

4. Radical Republicans in Congress claimed they had the authority to confiscate southern plantations, divide them into small farms, and give them to former slaves.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

TOP: The Radical Republicans

5. After the House of Representatives impeached President Johnson, the Senate failed to convict him by just one vote.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

TOP: Impeaching the President

6. The Fifteenth Amendment freed the slaves.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

TOP: Republican Rule in the South

7. One of the most popular religious denominations among blacks in the postwar South was Baptist.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

TOP: The Reconstruction of Black Social Life

8. Black military veterans formed the core of the first generation of African American political leaders in the postwar South.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

TOP: African Americans in Southern Politics

9. “Scalawags” were generally Republicans native to the South who had opposed secession.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

TOP: “Carpetbaggers” and “Scalawags”

10. Farmers and debtors generally favored “hard-money” monetary policies in which they would pay creditors with gold, silver, and copper coins.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

TOP: The Money Supply

11. Republicans in states such as Tennessee and Virginia who thought of themselves as “saving” the South from Democratic control and “white rule” were known as the redeemers.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

TOP: Southern “Redeemers”

12. Despite winning the popular vote in 1876, Samuel Tilden lost the presidency.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

TOP: The Compromise of 1877

13. Waving “the bloody shirt” meant linking southern Democrats to all the horrors of the Civil War in order to discredit the party.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

TOP: The Compromise of 1877

14. In the Compromise of 1877, Republicans promised to withdraw federal troops from Louisiana and South Carolina.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

TOP: The End of Reconstruction

15. The Reconstruction era provided true social equality for blacks at least for the period from 1865 to 1877.

OBJ: 5. Explain the significance of Reconstruction to the nation’s future.

TOP: Reconstruction’s Significance

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Which of the following was a reason for the collapse of the southern plantation economy after the Civil War?

a. Property values in the South had increased, making plantations unaffordable.

b. Europe no longer wanted imports of southern cotton.

c. The labor force was decimated because of emancipation.

d. So many plantation owners died fighting for the Confederacy.

e. More money was invested in slavery after the war than the crops themselves.

OBJ: 1. Identify the federal government’s major challenges in reconstructing the South after the Civil War.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The War’s Aftermath in the South

MSC: Analyzing

2. How was the Union able to begin leading Reconstruction efforts in the South?

a. Lincoln strategically waited to begin the process of Reconstruction in conquered areas until after the Civil War was officially over.

b. Lincoln issued a Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, allowing for Rebel states to be pardoned after 10 percent of those who had voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance.

c. Lincoln pardoned all Confederate government officials as well as all soldiers and senior officers in the Confederate army and navy.

d. Against Lincoln’s wishes, the Wade-Davis Bill went into effect, requiring a majority of white male citizens who had voted in 1860 in Rebel states to pledge allegiance to the Union.

e. The Union government agreed to allow slavery for the next 50 years but only in certain parts of the South where it was most crucial to the economy.

OBJ: 1. Identify the federal government’s major challenges in reconstructing the South after the Civil War.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Lincoln’s Wartime Reconstruction Plan

MSC: Evaluating

3. Which of the following statements about Abraham Lincoln is correct?

a. He supported the Wade-Davis Bill.

b. He was a Radical Republican.

c. He wanted to punish the South once the Civil War ended.

d. He wished to reduce presidential authority in the postwar period.

e. He issued a fairly lenient Reconstruction plan in 1863.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Lincoln’s Wartime Reconstruction Plan

MSC: Evaluating

4. The __________ was created to assist the newly freed slaves in acclimating to their new status and protecting their legal rights.

a. Ku Klux Klan

b. Knights of the Golden Circle

c. Carpetbaggers

d. Freedmen’s Bureau

e. The Scalawags

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Freedmen’s Bureau

MSC: Understanding

5. The Freedman’s Bureau was an organization that

a. was met with much resistance from white landowners but was able to start new schools for freedpeople across the southern states.

b. had the primary purpose of negotiating land sales between former slaves and white landowners.

c. was founded by white landowners to write contracts requiring that their freed slaves keep them as their employer.

d. was met with little resistance in the South and achieved most of its goals negotiating labor contracts.

e. was established by enslaved people long before the Civil War but ended soon after they were granted their freedom.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Freedmen’s Bureau

MSC: Understanding

6. When President Lincoln was assassinated in 1865, Secretary of War Edwin Stanton thought

a. it was an elaborate hoax.

b. Washington, D.C. might be under Confederate attack.

c. it was part of the play’s action.

d. Democrats in Congress had ordered it.

e. Radical Republicans were responsible.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Assassination of Lincoln

MSC: Understanding

7. As president, Andrew Johnson

a. favored complete legal equality for freedmen and freedwomen.

b. worked closely with the Radical Republican Congress.

c. believed in the goal of Reconstruction.

d. was prejudiced and combative.

e. wished to elevate wealthy southerners to positions of power in his government.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Johnson’s Plan

MSC: Remembering

8. Johnson’s Restoration Plan required that each southern state

a. give all blacks equal voting rights.

b. ratify the fourteenth amendment.

c. appoint a Unionist provisional governor.

d. call a convention of Confederates to convince them to support the Union.

e. punish the wealthy aristocrats that had previously had political power.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Johnson’s Plan

MSC: Understanding

9. What were freedmen’s conventions?

a. Secret meetings held by freedmen in the South primarily to discuss religious freedoms

b. Whites-only statewide government gatherings organized under President Johnson’s plan

c. Meetings and marches in which freedmen demanded citizenship, civil rights, and land

d. Formal assemblies where freedmen cast their first ballots and exercised their right to vote

e. National protests for freedom for blacks that primarily took place in the North

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Freedmen’s Conventions

MSC: Understanding

10. Many southern state legislatures reacted to the new rights given to freedmen by

a. accepting them and creating some laws to help protect them.

b. establishing black codes to stifle them.

c. refusing to write new constitutions.

d. attempting to nullify the acts of Congress that created them.

e. withdrawing their delegations from Washington, D.C., in protest.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Unreconstructed Southerners

MSC: Understanding

11. Which of the following statements about the Civil Rights Act of 1866 is accurate?

a. It allowed African Americans the privilege of voting.

b. It was directed at Native American protections.

c. It allowed women the privilege of voting.

d. It declared all persons born in the United States (excluding Indians) were citizens.

e. It repealed the Thirteenth Amendment.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Johnson’s Battle with Congress

MSC: Understanding

12. The Fourteenth Amendment

a. protected black male suffrage.

b. made it clear that blacks were citizens.

c. gave states more power.

d. was not important.

e. was obeyed in all southern states.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Congressional Reconstruction

MSC: Remembering

13. With the passage of the Fourteenth Amendment, the __________ assumed primary responsibility for protecting civil rights.

a. state governments

b. NAACP

c. federal courts

d. Freedmen’s Bureau

e. federal government

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Congressional Reconstruction

MSC: Analyzing

14. What role did the election of 1866 play in shaping Reconstruction?

a. It gave the Radical Republicans a veto-proof majority in Congress.

b. It gave the Liberal Republicans a veto-proof majority in Congress.

c. It saw the first African American Representative elected to Congress.

d. It showed that the North had grown weary of the problems in the South.

e. It gave President Johnson a free hand in running Reconstruction.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Congressional Reconstruction

MSC: Analyzing

15. President Andrew Johnson was impeached because he

a. fired his Secretary of War in defiance of Congress.

b. refused to testify before a congressional hearing.

c. was often drunk on the job.

d. was caught taking bribes from southern lobbyists.

e. was too critical of members of Congress.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Impeaching the President

MSC: Analyzing

16. Which of the following statements about the Fifteenth Amendment is accurate?

a. It gave women the right to vote.

b. It gave Native Americans the right to vote.

c. It gave African American men the right to vote.

d. It was generally supported by southern politicians.

e. It did little to change politics in the United States.

OBJ: 2. Describe how and why Reconstruction policies changed over time.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Republican Rule in the South

MSC: Understanding

17. After the Civil War, many African American communities began to establish

a. cooperative associations to assist them in shared duties.

b. schools to educate their children.

c. banks to assist in loans to African Americans.

d. general stores to provide formerly forbidden goods.

e. hospitals that would become the centers of community life.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Reconstruction of Black Social Life

MSC: Understanding

18. The Union League was created to

a. promote urban living.

b. recruit former slaves to the Republican party.

c. organize workers to challenge management policies.

d. agitate for women’s suffrage.

e. promote Native American citizenship.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Union League

MSC: Remembering

19. Which of the following statements about the role of African Americans in southern politics is correct?

a. No African Americans were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives during the Reconstruction Era.

b. No African Americans had the right to vote in the postwar South until long after the Restoration Era.

c. Black military veterans formed the core of the first generation of African American political leaders in the postwar South.

d. Ex-Confederate whites maintained the same rights as before the war, which successfully kept African Americans from entering politics.

e. Most black political leaders were part of the Democratic state legislatures and had not been former slaves.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: African Americans in Southern Politics

MSC: Remembering

20. What was a major setback for freedmen trying to obtain their own land during Reconstruction?

a. Very little land was available to purchase.

b. They were allowed to purchase land in designated areas only.

c. The federal government repealed the wartime policy of land redistribution.

d. State law forbid them from owning land.

e. They did not have an understanding of what it took to run a farm, and many lost their land to foreclosure.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Land, Labor, and Disappointment

MSC: Understanding

21. Sharecropping was a labor system in which the landowner provided land, seed, and tools to poor farmers in exchange for

a. loyalty.

b. protection from disgruntled landowners.

c. 75% of the landowner’s income at harvest time.

d. a “share” of the crop.

e. a place of their own.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Land, Labor, and Disappointment

MSC: Remembering

22. “Carpetbaggers” were

a. small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.

b. southern carpet layers looking for work after the war.

c. luggage handlers at railroad stations.

d. corrupt northern bankers.

e. individuals from the North seeking opportunity in the South after the war.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: “Carpetbaggers” and “Scalawags”

MSC: Remembering

23. “Scalawags” were

a. southerners who opposed secession and joined the Republican party after the war.

b. northern men seeking opportunity in the South.

c. corrupt southern bankers.

d. small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.

e. dishonest politicians in the postwar South.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: “Carpetbaggers” and “Scalawags”

MSC: Remembering

24. The Ku Klux Klan may have originated as a social club, but soon began intimidating

a. Democrats and liberals.

b. northern Republicans and Jews.

c. bankers and tax collectors.

d. blacks and white southern Republicans.

e. Union soldiers and carpetbaggers.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Southern Resistance and White “Redemption”

MSC: Understanding

25. According to the textbook, one of the most significant aspects of Republican state governments in the South was that they

a. were so generous to destitute southerners.

b. weakened the “good old boy” tradition of awarding government jobs to friends.

c. were able to recruit so many white men to the party.

d. lasted such a short time.

e. lasted such a long time.

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: The Legacy of Republican Rule

MSC: Evaluating

26. The South Carolina state legislature after the Civil War opposed the Republican party because both blacks and __________ were gaining political clout.

a. women

b. immigrants

c. poor whites

d. northern industrialists

e. Indians

OBJ: 3. Assess the attitudes of white and black southerners toward Reconstruction.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Legacy of Republican Rule

MSC: Remembering

27. Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1868 on a __________ platform.

a. racist

b. liberal

c. peace

d. racial equality

e. militaristic

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Election of 1868

MSC: Understanding

28. Because of inexperience and lack of judgment, President Grant

a. was particularly popular among the masses.

b. was so unpopular that he barely survived one term in office.

c. took four years before becoming an effective politician.

d. chose unscrupulous men for his Cabinet.

e. was personally involved in numerous scandals.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Scandals

MSC: Understanding

29. Which of the following was a financial scandal during the Grant administration?

a. The Panic of 1873

b. The Great Depression

c. An attempt to monopolize oil prices

d. The crash of the steel industry

e. An attempt to corner the gold market

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Scandals

MSC: Remembering

30. The presidency of Republican Ulysses S. Grant was characterized by

a. extreme competency and cooperation with the Democrats.

b. scandals at the highest ranks of national government.

c. bipartisanship and financial stability.

d. continuous and committed effort to end racial violence.

e. skilled handling of the debt crisis.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Scandals

MSC: Understanding

31. During Reconstruction, federal government-issued paper money was

a. favored by all Americans over hard currency.

b. called greenbacks.

c. the method of repayment preferred by creditors.

d. quickly discontinued.

e. the cause of deflation.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Money Supply

MSC: Remembering

32. The economic depression triggered by President Grant’s effort to reduce the supply of paper money in circulation was known as the

a. Panic of 1873.

b. Great Depression.

c. Great Recession.

d. Scandal of Epic Proportions.

e. End of Prosperity.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Financial Panic

MSC: Remembering

33. Two separate political parties—Liberal Republicans and Democrats—both nominated __________ as their candidate for president in 1872.

a. George McClellan

b. Horace Greeley

c. Horatio Alger

d. Henry Clay

e. Benjamin Harrison

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Liberal Republicans

MSC: Remembering

34. Which of the following presidents actively sought to diminish racial violence in the United States during Reconstruction?

a. Lincoln

b. Johnson

c. Grant

d. Hayes

e. Taft

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: White Terror

MSC: Analyzing

35. What did the Ku Klux Klan Act do?

a. It effectively eliminated the organization until the 1920s.

b. It created the organization as a social club.

c. It outlawed Klan activity such as wearing disguises.

d. It outlawed violent activity against Klan activities.

e. It outlawed anti-Klan protests in the South.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: White Terror

MSC: Understanding

36. Which of the following were national political issues that competed with southern civil rights concerns of the 1870s?

a. Women’s suffrage

b. Southern nationhood

c. Texas annexation

d. Indian wars

e. Mining industry strikes

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Southern “Redeemers”

MSC: Understanding

37. White anti-Reconstruction Democrats who were regaining control of southern state governments by 1870 were known throughout the South as

a. saviors.

b. Scalawags.

c. “the best men.”

d. southern disciples.

e. redeemers.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Southern “Redeemers”

MSC: Remembering

38. Which of the following was a promise made by the Republican party as part of the Compromise of 1877?

a. They would reinstitute black codes.

b. They would repeal the Fourteenth Amendment

c. They would defund the Freedmen’s Bureau.

d. They would remove the remaining Union troops from the South.

e. They would deport the African Americans who had been freed.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Compromise of 1877

MSC: Analyzing

39. Which of the following was true at the end of Reconstruction in the United States?

a. The new state governments kept their constitutions from before the war.

b. Union troops remained a major presence in the South under President Hayes.

c. Blacks were free, but their civil rights remained threatened.

d. Black politicians remained more prominent in new state administrations than whites.

e. Louisiana and South Carolina remained Republican governments for the next thirty years.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the political and economic factors that helped end Reconstruction in 1877.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The End of Reconstruction

MSC: Understanding

40. What was the effect of Congressional Reconstruction?

a. It made equal rights for women much less likely in the future.

b. It created the constitutional foundation for further advances in civil rights.

c. It created true racial equality and substantial economic opportunities for African Americans.

d. It was, at the end of the period, a movement southern Democrats supported.

e. It racially integrated southern cities and increased spending for schools for years after.

OBJ: 5. Explain the significance of Reconstruction to the nation’s future.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Reconstruction’s Significance

MSC: Analyzing

ESSAY

1. What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the way of a solution to those problems?

Answers will vary.

2. What problems did blacks in the South face during Reconstruction? What attempts did the government make to solve those problems?

Answers will vary.

3. Explain how the lives of blacks changed politically and socially during Reconstruction.

Answers will vary.

4. Explain the three Reconstruction era amendments (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth amendments). What changes were made with each amendment, and why were those changes needed?

Answers will vary.

5. What was the controversy of the presidential election of 1876? How was it resolved? How did the results alter the Reconstruction process?

Answers will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person or group with one of these descriptions.

a. Was an African American and lieutenant governor of Louisiana

b. Was a leading Radical Republican senator from Massachusetts

c. Was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867

d. Was a black Mississippi native who was elected to the Senate

e. Assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre

f. Was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876

g. Opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election

h. Favored a drastic transformation of southern society after the Civil War

i. Said treason “must be made infamous and traitors must be impoverished”

j. Demanded that the Fifteenth Amendment include voting rights for women

1. Horace Greeley

2. Andrew Johnson

3. Pinckney Pinchback

4. Hiram Revels

5. Edwin M. Stanton

6. Radical Republicans

7. John Wilkes Booth

8. Charles Sumner

9. Samuel J. Tilden

10. Susan B. Anthony