Ch12 Religion, Romanticism, And Reform, Verified Test Bank

Chapter 12: Religion, Romanticism, and Reform, 1800–1860

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TRUE/FALSE

1. The massive wave of religious revivals across America around 1800 was called the Unitarian/Universalist Movement.

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

TOP: The Second Great Awakening

2. Mormon leader Joseph Smith was an advocate of “monogamous marriage.”

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

TOP: The Mormons

3. Transcendentalism was the idea that individuals could “transcend” the material world and discover the “spirit” animating the universe.

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

TOP: Transcendentalism

4. According to the textbook, the most provocative American writer during the nineteenth century was Emily Dickinson.

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

TOP: Literary Giants

5. The word teetotaler originated with a temperance society’s use of the letter T to signify total abstinence.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Temperance

6. A major change in attitudes toward prisons during the 1830s was the idea that prisoners could not be rehabilitated.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Prisons and Asylums

7. A Treatise on Domestic Economy argued that men and women should share equally in completing the work of the household’s domestic sphere.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Women’s Rights

8. The Seneca Falls Convention was organized in 1848 to promote women’s rights and issued a document declaring that “all men and women were created equal.”

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Women’s Rights

9. Horace Mann was a notable promoter of public schools.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Early Public Schools

10. The successful example of antebellum utopian communities converted many Americans to socialism.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

TOP: Utopian Communities

11. The American Colonization Society established the African nation of Liberia as a new home for free American blacks.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TOP: Early Opposition to Slavery

12. William Lloyd Garrison published a militant anti-slavery newspaper called the Liberator.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TOP: From Gradualism to Abolitionism

13. Frederick Douglass was a black abolitionist.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TOP: Black Anti-Slavery Activity

14. Elijah P. Lovejoy, editor of an anti-slavery newspaper and former minister, was murdered in Illinois by a pro-slavery mob from Missouri when he tried to form an anti-slavery society.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TOP: Reactions to Abolitionism

15. The intellectual defenses of slavery in the South admitted that the institution offered no benefits to blacks.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

TOP: The Defense of Slavery

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. During the nineteenth century, many American Christians embraced a more __________ religious outlook than in the past.

a. optimistic and democratic

b. dark and pessimistic

c. separatist

d. simplistic

e. antagonistic and violent

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Religion

MSC: Understanding

2. Which of the following advocates of religious liberalism believed Jesus to be a saintly but not divine man?

a. Baptist

b. Anglican

c. Unitarian

d. Presbyterian

e. Lutheran

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Unitarianism and Universalism

MSC: Understanding

3. The large wave of religious revivals around the turn the of the nineteenth century is known as

a. the First Great Awakening.

b. the Second Great Awakening.

c. a Grand Revival.

d. the Concordant of America.

e. the Advent of America.

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Second Great Awakening

MSC: Understanding

4. One of the biggest centers of activity during the Second Great Awakening was located in the __________ portion of the United States.

a. North

b. Midwest

c. Pacific Coast

d. Old Southwest

e. northeastern

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Second Great Awakening

MSC: Remembering

5. Backwoods revivals were usually

a. government sponsored.

b. family events.

c. political campaign rallies.

d. important social functions.

e. held in the dark of night because of their clandestine nature.

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Frontier Revivals

MSC: Understanding

6. What did nineteenth-century Baptist theology mean by “biblical fundamentalism”?

a. That everyone should understand the fundamentals of the Bible

b. That every word of the Bible was literally true

c. That the Bible contained fundamental truths for daily living

d. That society should adhere to biblical law

e. That the founders had used the Bible as the basis for the Constitution

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Baptists and Methodists

MSC: Understanding

7. The __________ was a new denomination formed by blacks in the early nineteenth century, which initiated the first civil rights movement.

a. Missionary Baptist Church

b. Missionary Methodist Church

c. African Methodist Episcopal Church

d. Church of the African Disciples

e. African Disciples of America

OBJ: 1. Describe the major changes in the practice of religion in America in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Revivalism and African Americans

MSC: Understanding

8. As described by one of its adherents, __________ was defined as being “a little beyond” the scope of reason.

a. transcendentalism

b. socialism

c. enlightenment

d. progressivism

e. Romanticism

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Transcendentalism

MSC: Remembering

9. Which of the following would be considered a transcendentalist?

a. Edgar Allen Poe

b. Walt Whitman

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne

d. Emily Dickinson

e. Mark Twain

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Transcendentalism

MSC: Analyzing

10. __________ embodied the individual freedom and self-culture aspects of transcendentalism.

a. Ralph Waldo Emerson

b. Henry David Thoreau

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne

d. Elizabeth Peabody

e. Margaret Fuller

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Ralph Waldo Emerson

MSC: Understanding

11. Inspired by the United States’ declaration of war against Mexico, __________ wrote “Civil Disobedience.”

a. Ralph Waldo Emerson

b. Henry David Thoreau

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne

d. Elizabeth Peabody

e. Margaret Fuller

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Henry David Thoreau

MSC: Remembering

12. Thoreau and Emerson portrayed the transcendentalist movement as an expression of

a. hope and change.

b. moral idealism.

c. political correctness.

d. political corruption.

e. societal corruption.

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: An American Literature

MSC: Remembering

13. In the 1960s Martin Luther King Jr. was influenced by __________ during the Civil Rights era.

a. Walden

b. Civil Disobedience

c. Life in the Woods

d. Leaves of Grass

e. Brooklyn Eagle

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Henry David Thoreau

MSC: Understanding

14. How does the textbook describe literature in the United States during the first half of the nineteenth century?

a. “An incipient pandering to European tastes”

b. “A movement dominated by fiction, with little influential poetry”

c. “A medium unaffected by transcendentalism”

d. “The first great age of American literature”

e. “An attempt at relevancy that doesn’t quite attain”

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: An American Literature

MSC: Analyzing

15. According to the textbook, the most “strikingly original” of the New England poets to emerge during the Romanticism era was

a. Sheila Jackson Lee.

b. Emily Dickinson.

c. Susan B. Anthony.

d. James Townsend.

e. James Taylor.

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Literary Giants

MSC: Understanding

16. During the Romanticism era, __________ found some of his work banned in Boston because of the frankness of his writing.

a. Ralph Waldo Emerson

b. Henry David Thoreau

c. Nathaniel Hawthorne

d. Walt Whitman

e. George Peabody

OBJ: 2. Examine the emergence of transcendentalism in American culture in the early nineteenth century.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Literary Giants

MSC: Understanding

17. __________ contended that the Second Great Awakening was intended to reform human society as well as promote individual salvation.

a. William Cobbett

b. John Latrobe

c. Lyman Beecher

d. James Whitman

e. William Kennedy

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Reform Impulse

MSC: Understanding

18. During the mid–nineteenth century evangelical societies sought to organize __________ to spread the gospel to the children of the working poor.

a. children’s churches

b. urban missionary societies

c. workplace daycares

d. community Bible studies

e. Sunday schools

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Reform Impulse

MSC: Understanding

19. The __________ movement intended to reduce or eradicate the consumption of alcohol in the United States.

a. progressive

b. populist

c. redeemer

d. temperance

e. reform

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Temperance

MSC: Remembering

20. U.S. penitentiaries of the nineteenth century became places designed not only to punish but also to

a. rehabilitate.

b. execute.

c. produce farm products.

d. entertain.

e. convert to Christianity.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Prisons and Asylums

MSC: Understanding

21. During the Romantic era, __________ were created to help people recover from mental illnesses.

a. asylums

b. mental health institutions

c. tenements

d. penitentiaries

e. half-way houses

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Prisons and Asylums

MSC: Understanding

22. __________ is best known as a reformer who heightened awareness of the mentally ill during the Romantic period.

a. Susan B. Anthony

b. Harriet Beecher Stowe

c. Dorothea Dix

d. Wilma Clinton

e. Florida Calhoun

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Prisons and Asylums

MSC: Remembering

23. A Treatise on Domestic Economy charged women to be

a. free of worldly influences.

b. the managers of their households.

c. submissive to their husbands.

d. cognizant in planning their pregnancies.

e. assertive in their marriages.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Women’s Rights

MSC: Understanding

24. How did the official social status of women by the mid–nineteenth century compare to that of the colonial era?

a. Women had countless more opportunities in the nineteenth century.

b. Not much had changed since colonial times.

c. Women were seen as the social equals of men by the nineteenth century.

d. Women had the same social status as slaves in the nineteenth century.

e. Multiple college-level opportunities opened for women in the nineteenth century.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Women’s Rights

MSC: Evaluating

25. The Declaration of Sentiments was written at

a. the Constitutional Convention.

b. the Centennial Exposition.

c. the Seneca Falls Convention.

d. Walden Pond.

e. Jamestown.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Women’s Rights

MSC: Remembering

26. An early leader in the fight for women’s suffrage was

a. Susan B. Anthony.

b. Harriet Beecher Stowe.

c. Dorothea Dix.

d. Wilma Clinton.

e. Florida Calhoun.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Women’s Rights

MSC: Remembering

27. Horace Mann, a Massachusetts state legislator, led an early drive for

a. women’s suffrage.

b. a personal income tax.

c. tax-supported public education.

d. term limits for congressmen.

e. equal rights for all citizens.

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Early Public Schools

MSC: Remembering

28. Which of the following is an example of a nineteenth-century utopian community?

a. Quakers

b. Shakers

c. Anabaptists

d. Unitarians

e. Mormons

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Utopian Communities

MSC: Understanding

29. Although most nineteenth-century utopian communities were centered around some form of religious belief, __________ was a widely celebrated secular utopian experiment.

a. Woodstock

b. Camp Freedom

c. Walden Pond

d. Brook Farm

e. Shangri-La

OBJ: 3. Explain the origins of the major social reform movements in the early nineteenth century, and analyze their influence on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Utopian Communities

MSC: Analyzing

30. The goal of the American Colonization Society was to

a. free the slaves.

b. send slaves out west.

c. send slaves back to Africa.

d. educate slaves.

e. encourage slaves to rebel against their masters.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Early Opposition to Slavery

MSC: Understanding

31. How did the leaders of the free black community in America respond to colonization efforts aimed at sending them to Africa?

a. Jubilation

b. Indifference

c. Cautious optimism

d. Parties in the streets

e. Widespread denunciation

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Early Opposition to Slavery

MSC: Understanding

32. Which of the following was a member of the American Colonization Society?

a. Abraham Lincoln

b. Thomas Jefferson

c. Andrew Jackson

d. Henry Ford

e. Daniel Webster

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Early Opposition to Slavery

MSC: Remembering

33. What country did the American Colonization Society create to recolonize freed slaves?

a. Nigeria

b. Zimbabwe

c. Liberia

d. Somalia

e. Egypt

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Early Opposition to Slavery

MSC: Remembering

34. Which of the following was an early abolitionist leader?

a. James Madison

b. Henry David Thoreau

c. William Lloyd Garrison

d. James Van Buren

e. Daniel Webster

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: From Gradualism to Abolitionism

MSC: Remembering

35. The leading abolitionist newspaper of the mid–nineteenth century was

a. The Eagle.

b. The Freedom.

c. The Liberator.

d. The Emancipator.

e. The Tarantula.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: From Gradualism to Abolitionism

MSC: Remembering

36. David Walker, a free black from Boston, published a pamphlet calling for slaves to use the __________ to gain their freedom.

a. “crushing arm of power”

b. “long reach of the law”

c. “inner strength of the black race”

d. “access to education”

e. “network of underground railroads”

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: From Gradualism to Abolitionism

MSC: Remembering

37. Sarah and Angelina Grimké, originally from South Carolina, appealed to __________ to work to put an end to slavery.

a. Christians around the world

b. southern Christian women

c. women, white and black,

d. northern factory workers

e. southern abolitionists

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: A Split in the Movement

MSC: Understanding

38. After publishing his autobiography, __________ left for England for two years on a speaking tour. When he returned, he had enough money to purchase his freedom.

a. W.E.B. Du Bois

b. Fredrick Douglass

c. Nat Turner

d. James Fremont

e. William Cumbersome

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Black Anti-Slavery Activity

MSC: Understanding

39. The vast system of secret routes and safe houses throughout the South and into the free states was known as the

a. subway.

b. Underground Railroad.

c. Runaway Scrape.

d. Black Diaspora.

e. Exodusters.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Underground Railroad

MSC: Remembering

40. Perhaps the most famous “conductor” on the Underground Railroad was

a. Harriet Tubman.

b. Susan B. Anthony.

c. Elizabeth Cady Stanton.

d. Dorothea Dix.

e. Elias Turner.

OBJ: 4. Analyze the impact of the anti-slavery movement on society and politics.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Underground Railroad

MSC: Analyzing

ESSAY

1. Describe the various “liberal” and “conservative” religious movements of the nineteenth century. What were the origins of their general ideologies; what was similar and what was different about each?

Answers will vary.

2. Using specific examples, discuss the objectives, practices, and success (or lack of) of the nineteenth-century utopian communities.

Answers will vary.

3. Describe the southern defense of slavery before and after 1830. How did this change affect the intellectual life of the Old South?

Answers will vary.

4. Describe how the women’s rights movement and the anti-slavery movement converged. What differences and difficulties arose as a result?

Answers will vary.

5. Compare and contrast white abolitionists and black anti-slavery activity. In what ways were the attitudes and goals the same and how were they different?

Answers will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person or group with one of the following descriptions.

a. Was a prominent women’s rights activist and abolitionist

b. Founded the anti-slavery newspaper The Liberator

c. Led Mormon followers to the “promised land” of Utah

d. Founded Mormonism

e. Founded the Oneida Community

f. Was a revivalist and initiated the “circuit rider” system

g. Advocated for tax-supported public schools

h. Advocated for the reform of insane asylums

i. Was an escaped slave who became a leading anti-slavery advocate

j. Was a utopian community known for hard work, celibacy, and eccentric forms of worship

1. Frederick Douglass

2. John Humphrey Noyes

3. Francis Asbury

4. Brigham Young

5. Horace Mann

6. Joseph Smith

7. Elizabeth Cady Stanton

8. William Lloyd Garrison

9. Dorothea Lynde Dix

10. Shakers