Ch8 Schizophrenia Spectrum And Other Psychotic Exam Prep

Abnormal Psychology, 8e (Nolen-Hoeksema)

Chapter 8 Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

1) Psychosis refers to knowing the difference between:

A) right and wrong.

B) conscious and unconscious desires.

C) what is real and what is not real.

D) pleasure and pain.

2) What percentage of people diagnosed with psychotic disorders seek treatment in a mental health or general medicine facility in a given year?

A) 40 percent

B) 60 percent

C) 80 percent

D) 90 percent

3) It is estimated that, within the United States, ________ percent of the population will develop schizophrenia at some time in their lives.

A) 1 to 2

B) 5 to 10

C) 10 to 20

D) 25 to 30

4) According to the study conducted by Torrey (2006), the majority of people with schizophrenia:

A) are in rehabilitation centers or prisons.

B) are housed in shelters or live on the streets.

C) reside in supervised living facilities.

D) live independently or with their families.

5) Which of the following is NOT one of the symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Hallucination

B) Disorganized thought

C) Avolition

D) Long-term amnesia

6) Which of the following is a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Restricted affect

B) Hallucinations

C) Anhedonia

D) Avolition

7) ________ are ideas that an individual believes are true but are highly unlikely and often simply impossible.

A) Hallucinations

B) Psychoses

C) Deceptions

D) Delusions

8) The contents of delusions vary across cultures and, within specific cultures, they may vary ________.

A) in intensity

B) over time

C) if the patient is institutionalized or not

D) in terms of humor or seriousness

9) According to the textbook, which of the following statements is true about recent research about the frequency at which mentally healthy people hear voices?

A) It is exceedingly rare

B) It is rare

C) It is not particularly uncommon

D) It is frequent

10) Although she has never met the actor Chris Rock, June believes that he is in love with her. This is an example of a

A) hallucination.

B) paranoia.

C) deception.

D) delusion.

11) Which of the following statements is true about the difference between self-deceptions and delusions?

A) Delusions are possible, whereas self-deceptions often are not.

B) People harboring delusions think about their beliefs occasionally, but people with self-deceptions are constantly preoccupied with their beliefs.

C) People harboring self-deceptions attempt to convince others of these beliefs, but delusional people do no such thing.

D) People harboring self-deceptions typically acknowledge that their beliefs may be wrong, but delusional people often are resistant to arguments that contradict their delusions.

12) Which of the following is the most common type of delusion?

A) Persecutory delusions

B) Somatic delusions

C) Delusions of grandeur

D) Thought insertions

13) Fred believes that the FBI has put a wiretap on his phone and that they are trying to entrap him. Most likely, Fred is experiencing a

A) thought insertion.

B) somatic delusion.

C) grandiose delusion.

D) persecutory delusion.

14) Sebastian believes his neighbor is watching him and waiting for a chance to steal his stamp collection. This false belief would be considered a

A) somatic delusion.

B) delusion of reference.

C) persecutory delusion.

D) grandiose delusion.

15) People with ________ may believe that the comments of a local politician at a rally are directed at them.

A) delusions of thought insertion

B) somatic delusions

C) delusions of reference

D) grandiose delusion

16) Faith believes that she is the reincarnation of Cleopatra. Faith is most likely suffering from

A) persecutory delusions.

B) delusions of thought control.

C) grandiose delusion.

D) delusions of reference.

17) Ivan believes that aliens from a parallel universe are controlling his thoughts. Ivan is most likely experiencing a

A) persecutory delusion.

B) delusion of thought insertion.

C) grandiose delusion.

D) delusion of reference.

18) A person with schizophrenia:

A) will only experience delusions with the same theme.

B) can only experience one delusion at time.

C) always experiences a persecutory delusion.

D) can experience several different delusions at the same time.

19) Religious delusions of having committed a sin are more common among individuals with schizophrenia from

A) remote Pacific islands.

B) the United States.

C) Japan.

D) Germany.

20) Delusions are to ________ as hallucinations are to ________.

A) perceptions; thoughts

B) thoughts; feelings

C) thoughts; perceptions

D) perceptions; feelings

21) Hallucinations are:

A) unreal perceptual experiences.

B) beliefs that have no basis in reality.

C) odd ways of thinking.

D) thought insertions.

22) Which of the following is the most common hallucination?

A) Visual

B) Auditory

C) Olfactory

D) Tactile

23) Jerry hears voices accusing him of being a serial rapist. This is a(n) ________ hallucination.

A) somatic

B) auditory

C) visual

D) tactile

24) Judith was experiencing sleep deprivation and thought that spiders were crawling on her skin. Judith was most likely experiencing a(n)

A) olfactory hallucination.

B) auditory hallucination.

C) somatic hallucination.

D) tactile hallucination.

25) Tabitha believes that an alien being is growing inside of her. Tabitha is most likely experiencing a(n) ________ hallucination.

A) visual

B) somatic

C) auditory

D) tactile

26) It is difficult to understand what Carter is saying because he tends to slip from one topic to a seemingly unrelated topic with little coherent transition. Carter is exhibiting

A) clang association.

B) derailment.

C) avolition.

D) alogia.

27) Ethel's conversations are hard to follow. She doesn't stay on the same topic, and there is no logical transition between topics. Ethel's speech is an example of

A) derailment.

B) alogia.

C) neologism.

D) avolition.

28) A person with schizophrenia may exhibit disorganized speech patterns that are completely incoherent to listeners. This is known as

A) blunted affect.

B) alogia.

C) avolition.

D) word salad.

29) ________ are words that mean something only to the person speaking them.

A) Neologisms

B) Alogia

C) Word salads

D) Clangs

30) T.J. was asked if he liked the song that was playing on the radio. His response was, "song too long, long to wrong, wrong not right, right not fight." This is known as

A) a word salad.

B) a neologism.

C) alogia.

D) clangs.

31) Which of the following statements is true about the gender differences in disorganized thought and speech symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) Women with schizophrenia tend to show more severe deficits in language than do men with schizophrenia.

B) Brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia may not affect women's language and thought as much as they do men's because women can use both sides of their brain to compensate for problems.

C) Compared to women, language deficits are less apparent in men with schizophrenia owing to the fact that language is controlled more bilaterally in men.

D) Language is more localized in men, so when the areas of the brain associated with language are affected by schizophrenia, men are better able to compensate for the deficits than women.

32) A lack of responsiveness to the outside world is referred to as ________ in patients with schizophrenia.

A) disorganization

B) catatonia

C) disassociation

D) withdrawal

33) Which of the following is a negative symptom of schizophrenia?

A) Catatonia

B) Derailment

C) Avolition

D) Delusions

34) A severe reduction or complete absence of emotional responses to the environment in people with schizophrenia is called

A) derailment.

B) word salad.

C) restricted affect.

D) neologism.

35) Even when emotional experience is intact, people with schizophrenia have trouble predicting which of the following?

A) future emotional experience

B) future delusional experiences

C) future hallucinatory experiences

D) future work options

36) People with schizophrenia often have difficulties predicting how they will feel in the future leading to problems with ________ and ________.

A) aggression; violent behavior

B) anhedonia; aggression

C) motivation; decision making

D) love relationships; parenthood

37) Katsuo has experienced a loss of the ability to experience pleasure. Katsuo is most likely exhibiting

A) avolition.

B) anhedonia.

C) aphasia.

D) alogia.

38) Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is described as an inability to initiate or persist at common, goal-directed activities, including those at work, school, and home?

A) Alogia

B) Avolition

C) Affected flattening

D) Blunted affect

39) Harry has difficulty remembering information. He cannot hold information in his memory long enough to manipulate and process it. Harry is most likely having difficulty with

A) long-term memory.

B) retrograde amnesia.

C) working memory.

D) neural sensory registers.

40) Schizophrenia was initially referred to as

A) psychotic mania.

B) dementia praecox.

C) multiple personality disorder.

D) catatonia.

41) The psychiatrist credited with labeling schizophrenia as dementia praecox was

A) Alfred Adler.

B) Emil Kraepelin.

C) Joseph Breuer.

D) Eugene Bleuler.

42) Emil Kraepelin gave the label "dementia praecox" to the disorder now known as schizophrenia because he believed that the disorder resulted from:

A) brain trauma.

B) a chronic deficit of neurotransmitters in the brain.

C) premature deterioration of the brain.

D) increased consumption of alcohol.

43) Which of the following statements is true of Eugen Bleuler's views on schizophrenia?

A) He viewed schizophrenia as a consequence of the splitting of distinct personalities.

B) He believed that schizophrenia involved the splitting of integrated psychic functions.

C) He argued that schizophrenia manifests due to the merging of unassociated threads.

D) He accepted that this disorder always leads to severe deterioration of the brain.

44) The DSM-5 states that in order to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, an individual must show two or more symptoms of the psychosis consistently for at least

A) two weeks.

B) one month.

C) six months.

D) one year.

45) Prodromal symptoms of schizophrenia are evident:

A) during the acute phase of the disorder.

B) when the disorder is in remission.

C) after the acute phase.

D) prior to onset of the acute phase.

46) When are residual symptoms most evident?

A) During the acute phase of the disorder

B) During the catatonic phase of the disorder

C) After the acute phase of the disorder

D) Prior to onset of the acute phase of the disorder

47) Negative symptoms of schizophrenia:

A) are only seen in the acute phase of the disorder.

B) are most prominent in the prodromal and residual phases.

C) are present during the premorbid level of functioning.

D) are present only in the disorganized type of schizophrenia.

48) Which of the following symptoms of schizophrenia is a person most likely to overcome with the help of medication?

A) Avolition

B) Restricted affect

C) Alogia

D) Hallucinations

49) The odd and eccentric behaviors seen in schizophrenia can resemble the symptoms of ________ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive

B) autism spectrum

C) histrionic personality

D) somatic symptom

50) With regard to updates made in the DSM-5, which of the following is NOT true with respect to schizophrenia?

A) Delusions and/or hallucinations must be present.

B) The subtypes have been eliminated.

C) There is evidence of continued disturbance for at least six months.

D) Only the paranoid subtype still exists.

51) Which of the following is true about the prognosis for people with schizophrenia?

A) 35 to 50 percent of the people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide.

B) 50 and 80 percent of the people with schizophrenia will be re-hospitalized at a later point in their lives for another episode.

C) Most people with schizophrenia show a progressive deterioration in functioning across their life span.

D) People with schizophrenia tend to suffer from fewer infectious and circulatory diseases than those without psychopathology.

52) People diagnosed with schizophrenia have a life-expectancy between ________ and ________ years shorter than people without the disorder.

A) 30; 40

B) 5; 10

C) 10; 20

D) 20; 30

53) Between ________ and ________ percent of people diagnosed with schizophrenia commit suicide.

A) 2; 5

B) 5; 10

C) 10; 15

D) 15; 20

54) When are people diagnosed with schizophrenia more likely to commit suicide?

A) Twenty or more years after diagnosis

B) When recently diagnosed

C) When they learn that their siblings are also diagnosed

D) Following their 10th psychotic episode, on average

55) Family members of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of having ________, and vice versa.

A) somatic symptom disorder

B) depression

C) borderline personality disorder

D) bipolar disorder

56) What indication of a genetic connection between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is mentioned in the textbook?

A) Family members of people with schizophrenia never evidence bipolar disorder

B) Family member of people with schizophrenia are at elevated risk of having bipolar disorder

C) Sisters of schizophrenic patients have a 30 percent likelihood of having bipolar disorder.

D) Sisters of people with bipolar disorder have a 30 percent likelihood of being schizophrenic.

57) Compared to men with schizophrenia, women with schizophrenia:

A) tend to develop the disorder during their late teens or early 20s.

B) are hospitalized more often and for longer periods of time.

C) have poorer social adjustment when they are not psychotic.

D) show milder negative symptoms between periods of active-phase symptoms.

58) Compared to people with schizophrenia in developed countries, people with schizophrenia in developing countries:

A) are more likely to have a sole caretaker.

B) tend to have families that are more intrusive, hostile, and overinvolved.

C) are more likely to remain incapacitated by the disorder in the long term.

D) may have social environments that facilitate better adaptation and recovery.

59) Lawrence experienced delusions and hallucinations for two weeks and also had a manic episode following this two-week period. He continues to experience delusions and hallucinations. Lawrence will most likely receive a diagnosis of

A) mood disorder with psychotic features.

B) schizoaffective disorder.

C) shared psychotic disorder.

D) schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

60) Carlos has always functioned well but shows symptoms of schizophrenia for one to six months without the restricted affect. His prognosis is good, but he will most likely be diagnosed as having ________ disorder.

A) schizophreniform

B) schizoaffective

C) delusional

D) brief psychotic

61) Julia suddenly experienced delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech, but these symptoms lasted for only 3 days. She is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A) schizoaffective

B) schizophreniform

C) delusional

D) brief psychotic

62) Which of the following statements is true of delusional disorder?

A) Individuals have delusions that last at least one month, but do not show any other symptoms of schizophrenia.

B) In addition to delusions, individuals also exhibit at least one other positive symptom of schizophrenia.

C) It appears to affect men more than women.

D) Its onset tends to be earlier in life than most disorders.

63) Jamal believes that he is being followed but shows no other psychotic symptoms. Other than his delusion, he does not act oddly or have difficulty functioning. He is most likely to be diagnosed with ________ disorder.

A) delusional

B) schizophrenia spectrum

C) brief psychotic

D) schizophreniform

64) Most theorists view schizophrenia as a ________ disorder.

A) neurodevelopmental

B) psychological

C) social

D) existential

65) Which of the following is true about factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia?

A) Strong evidence for a single genetic component to schizophrenia exists and fully explains the connection between genetics and the disorder.

B) All people with schizophrenia show structural and functional abnormalities in the brain including highly active prefrontal cortex and smaller ventricles.

C) Prenatal and birth difficulties have been implicated as factors contributing to the development of schizophrenia.

D) Prenatal exposure to viruses during the third trimester of gestation decreases the risk of developing schizophrenia as it allows the fetal immune system to build resistance.

66) Calista shows a pervasive pattern of social deficits and has a great deal of discomfort in close relationships. Her coworkers describe her as odd as she speaks in a peculiar manner, is often suspicious, and is inappropriate in her display of emotion. However, a diagnosis reveals no psychosis. Calista is most likely suffering from ________ disorder.

A) delusional

B) schizophrenia spectrum

C) schizotypal personality

D) schizophreniform

67) In the DSM-5, schizotypal personality disorder is recognized as a part of

A) personality disorders.

B) schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

C) disorders of cognition.

D) both personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders.

68) According to the research of Irving Gottesman, which of the following children are at highest risk of developing schizophrenia?

A) A child with two biological parents and a monozygotic (MZ) twin who are schizophrenic

B) A child with two adoptive parents and a monozygotic (MZ) twin who are schizophrenic

C) A child with two biological parents and a dizygotic (DZ) twin who are schizophrenic

D) A child with one biological parent and a dizygotic (DZ) twin who are schizophrenic

69) What is the concordance rate for schizophrenia in monozygotic (MZ) twins?

A) Twelve percent for mild forms of schizophrenia

B) Between 35 and 50 percent for the most severe forms of schizophrenia

C) Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 46 percent

D) Compiled results of several studies indicate a rate of 14 percent

70) When monozygotic (MZ) twins who were discordant for schizophrenia were compared with MZ twins who both had schizophrenia, researchers found that the MZ twins discordant for schizophrenia:

A) possessed additional genetic material not found in members of the control group.

B) had the exact same DNA structure, thereby implicating environmental factors.

C) showed numerous differences in the molecular structure of their DNA.

D) had few, but noticeable, variations in their genetic makeup.

71) The ________ is important in language, emotional expression, planning, and carrying out plans, while the ________ plays a critical role in the formation of long-term memories.

A) thalamus; hypothalamus

B) prefrontal cortex; hippocampus

C) hippocampus; prefrontal cortex

D) hypothalamus; thalamus

72) People with schizophrenia who have enlarged ventricles:

A) are more likely to be women than men.

B) are less responsive to medication.

C) show an increase in volume of the prefrontal areas of the brain.

D) tend to have milder symptoms than other people with schizophrenia.

73) Oxygen deprivation during labor and delivery is known as

A) perinatal hypoxia.

B) anoxia.

C) fetal oxygen deficit syndrome.

D) oxycephaly.

74) Which of the following neurotransmitters is thought to play a role in schizophrenia?

A) Dopamine

B) Norepinephrine

C) Epinephrine

D) Acetylcholine

75) Which of the following statements is NOT true of dopamine and schizophrenia?

A) Several lines of evidence have supported the original dopamine theory that symptoms of schizophrenia are caused by excess levels of dopamine in the frontal lobe and limbic system.

B) Phenothiazines and neuroleptics increase the functional level of dopamine, which helps to reduce psychotic symptoms of schizophrenia.

C) The traditional theory was proved too simple, and evidence supports that many people with schizophrenia do not respond to Phenothiazines, which may indicate that other neurotransmitters are involved in the disorder.

D) Critics of the original dopamine theory argue that the theory does not adequately explain the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

76) Which of the following is true about the neurotransmitters involved in schizophrenia?

A) Excess dopamine activity in the amygdala and unusually low dopamine activity in the frontal cortex play a role in schizophrenia.

B) Research suggests that the interaction between serotonin and dopamine are not critical in schizophrenia.

C) Research suggests that glutamate neurons do not affect brain activities of people with schizophrenia.

D) Excess dopamine activity in the mesolimbic pathway and unusually low dopamine activity in the prefrontal area play a role in schizophrenia.

77) New research indicates that the interaction between ________ and dopamine is critical in schizophrenia.

A) adrenal

B) cortisol

C) serotonin

D) norepinephrine

78) Social drift refers to the:

A) impoverished social conditions that cause symptoms of schizophrenia.

B) tendency of people with schizophrenia to willingly isolate themselves, thus drifting away from social relationships.

C) likelihood that people with schizophrenia will be neglected by society.

D) tendency of people with schizophrenia to drift downward in social class.

79) Although evidence supports the theory of social drift with respect to people with schizophrenia, some recent research showed a different outcome. Which of the following statements reflects this more recent research?

A) Social drift theory is wrong

B) Social status and environment affect schizophrenia rather than just the other way around.

C) There are no possible additional risk factors to link social environment and economic status with schizophrenia.

D) Social drift theory has been entirely supplanted by biological factors.

80) ________ may play a role in the causal relationship between schizophrenia on the one hand and socioeconomic factors on the other.

A) Genetics

B) Epigenetics

C) Cortisol levels

D) A damaged amygdala

81) Goldberg and Morrison's (1963) study of socioeconomic class and men with schizophrenia revealed that:

A) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in higher socioeconomic classes than their brothers.

B) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in the same socioeconomic class as their fathers.

C) men with schizophrenia tended to end up in lower socioeconomic classes than their fathers.

D) socioeconomic class was not impacted and thus is not a contributing factor to the disorder.

82) Which of the following statements about stress and schizophrenia is true?

A) There is no empirically demonstrated link between stress and schizophrenia.

B) Stressful circumstances can cause schizophrenia in people without a genetic disposition to the disorder.

C) Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among people with schizophrenia who experienced adverse events in childhood.

D) No link is demonstrated between stress during childhood, adult stress, and schizophrenia.

83) Which of the following statements is true of the psychosocial perspectives of schizophrenia?

A) Several studies have shown that people with schizophrenia are more likely to have been born in a small town than in a large city.

B) Torrey and Yolken argued that the link between urban living and psychosis is not due to overcrowding, but due to stress.

C) Studies have shown that first- and second-generation immigrants have a higher incidence of acute schizophrenia symptoms than members of their ethnic group who have been in the country longer or who are native to the country.

D) Studies suggest that many of the life events that people with schizophrenia experience prior to relapse actually may be caused by the residual symptoms.

84) Psychosocial factors such as stress and certain types of family functioning can:

A) trigger episodes of schizophrenia even in individuals without an existing predisposition to the disorder.

B) cause schizophrenia only if chronic life stress and poor family functioning are both present together.

C) not affect the severity of schizophrenic symptoms if the person is on a proper dosage of medication.

D) cause a relapse of symptoms in those who already have the disorder.

85) Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among schizophrenic people who experienced

A) calmness and happiness in childhood that no longer feels possible.

B) adverse events in childhood.

C) recent happiness and calmness.

D) changes to their diets.

86) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among people who experienced adverse events in childhood.

B) Stressful events in adulthood may be especially important among people who experienced adverse events in young adulthood.

C) Stressful events in adulthood have no influence in ongoing schizophrenic experiences.

D) Stressful events in childhood increase the chances of developing schizophrenia by 65 percent.

87) The term "schizophrenogenic mother" refers to:

A) a mother with one or more children who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia.

B) the idea that a mother is both overprotective of and rejecting toward her child, and this relationship creates schizophrenia in the child.

C) mothers with schizophrenia who have extremely poor interpersonal skills.

D) a mother's hospitalization because of repeated full-blown schizophrenic episodes.

88) Jack, a four-year-old boy, had a paper cut his finger. His mother kissed his finger gently and soothed him. But once Jack stopped crying, she said "you're so clumsy, can't you do anything right?" This is an example of

A) a double bind.

B) thought insertion.

C) derailment.

D) avolition.

89) Which of the following is NOT true about the families of people with schizophrenia?

A) A person living with a family that is low on criticism is more likely to develop the full syndrome of schizophrenia.

B) A person with schizophrenia is less likely to slip into relapse if his family is high in expressed emotion.

C) Critics of the expressed-emotion theory argue that the hostility and intrusiveness observed in families of people with schizophrenia might be the result of schizophrenic symptoms rather than contributors to relapse.

D) Families tend to be more forgiving of the negative symptoms of the individual with schizophrenia than positive emotions because negative emotions appear uncontrollable.

90) Which of the following is true of expressed emotion and relapse in patients with schizophrenia?

A) Therapists have no difficulty changing entrenched communication patterns between patients with schizophrenia and their primary caregivers.

B) Delusions and hallucinations will elicit more negative expressed emotion from family members than blunted affect or lack of motivation.

C) Hostility observed in some family members indicate that negative symptoms of the person with schizophrenia are learned behaviors.

D) Interventions that reduce family expressed emotion tend to reduce the relapse rate in schizophrenic family members.

91) According to one of the cognitive perspectives, negative symptoms of schizophrenia arise from:

A) a hypersensitivity to perceptual input.

B) a tendency to attribute experiences to external sources.

C) the need to withdraw and conserve scarce cognitive resources.

D) beliefs that social interactions do not matter.

92) Which of the following is a cognitive strategy for treating clients with schizophrenia?

A) Teaching family members normal patterns of communication

B) Training the client to attend to, and perceive, the subtleties of communication

C) Teaching patients ways of disputing their delusional beliefs or hallucinatory experiences

D) Removing the client from the stressful settings where communication is difficult

93) Which of the following treatments was used in the 1930s to treat schizophrenia?

A) Insulin coma therapy

B) Epileptic therapy

C) Seizure shock therapy

D) Convulsive therapy

94) In the early 1950s, French researchers, Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker, found that ________, a class of drugs called the phenothiazines, calms agitation and reduces hallucinations and delusions in patients with schizophrenia.

A) aminothiazole

B) thioxanthenes

C) chlorpromazine

D) butyrophenones

95) Which of the following statements is true about neuroleptics?

A) Virtually all people with schizophrenia respond positively to neuroleptics.

B) If neuroleptic drugs are discontinued, the danger of relapse is minimal, as the drugs tend to be extremely potent and long-lasting.

C) Neuroleptics are more effective in treating negative symptoms of schizophrenia but are not as effective in treating the positive symptoms.

D) People with schizophrenia typically must take neuroleptic drugs all the time in order to prevent new episodes of acute symptoms.

96) Common side effects of neuroleptics include ________, which includes slowed motor activity, monotonous speech, and an expressionless face, and ________, an agitation that causes people to pace and be unable to sit still.

A) akinesia; akathesis

B) akathesis; tardive dyskinesia

C) tardive dyskinesia; akinesia

D) akathesis; akinesia

97) A common side effect of neuroleptics that consists of involuntary movements of the tongue, mouth, or jaw is

A) akathesis.

B) agranulocytosis.

C) tardive dyskinesia.

D) akinesia.

98) The side effects of neuroleptics can be reduced:

A) through prolonged usage.

B) by reducing dosages.

C) by using them in combination with over-the-counter drugs.

D) by taking the drugs at intervals.

99) Atypical antipsychotic drugs have been shown to be ________ in treating symptoms of schizophrenia.

A) ineffective when compared to typical antipsychotic drugs

B) more effective than typical antipsychotic drugs

C) just as effective as typical antipsychotic drugs

D) ineffective compared to electroconvulsive therapy

100) Blanche is receiving a drug that binds to the D4 dopamine receptor and influences other neurotransmitters such as serotonin. Blanche's schizophrenia is most likely being treated with

A) effexor.

B) thorazine.

C) chlorpromazine.

D) clozapine.

101) Clozapine:

A) can lead to tardive dyskinesia if taken in large doses.

B) reduces only the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

C) can result in a condition known as agranulocytosis.

D) is suitable mostly for individuals who have found phenothiazines to be effective.

102) ________ has been shown to be more effective at preventing relapse than typical antipsychotic medications; it does not induce tardive dyskinesia, but it can cause sexual dysfunction, low blood pressure, weight gain, seizures, and problems with concentration.

A) Risperidone

B) Clozapine

C) Haloperidol

D) Aripiprazole

103) Dr. Aziz's patient has been diagnosed with schizophrenia. She is helping her patient learn how to initiate and maintain a conversation with others. In addition, she is also teaching her client how to gather important information by accompanying the client to selected places and demonstrating the skills necessary to accomplish this goal. This type of intervention follows a(n) ________ approach.

A) existential

B) cognitive

C) behavioral

D) psychodynamic

104) ________ interventions include increasing contact between people with schizophrenia and supportive others, often through self-help support groups.

A) Cognitive-behavioral

B) Social

C) Cognitive

D) Behavioral

105) Which of the following statements is NOT true of family-oriented therapies?

A) Families are taught about the disorder's biological causes, its symptoms, and the medications and their side effects.

B) Family members learn communication skills as well as problem-solving skills to reduce the overall level of stress in the family.

C) Family members learn behavioral techniques for encouraging appropriate behavior and discouraging inappropriate behavior by their family member with schizophrenia.

D) Family-oriented interventions, even when combined with drug therapy, appear to be less effective at reducing relapse rates.

106) ________ programs provide comprehensive services for people with schizophrenia, relying on the expertise of medical professionals, social workers, and psychologists to meet the variety of patients' needs 24 hours a day.

A) Assisted living

B) Deinstitutionalization

C) Welfare

D) Assertive community treatment

107) Which of the following statements is true of treatment programs for schizophrenia?

A) A large percent of health care budget is spent in treating people with schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders.

B) Much of the financial burden of caring for people with schizophrenia falls to state and local governments, which lack the necessary resources, or to families, who often cannot afford the high cost of care.

C) Only about 10 to 20 percent of people with schizophrenia receive little or no care in a given year, and a majority of the patients remain in hospitals until their symptoms stabilize or permanently disappear.

D) The gains that people in skills-based interventions make tend to stabilize once the interventions end, suggesting that these interventions hold more promise than traditional treatment.

108) A healer who uses a traditional method that involves a series of rituals designed to transform the meanings of symptoms for persons with schizophrenia, thus diminishing their pain, is using a ________ model.

A) social support

B) clinical

C) persuasive

D) structural

109) Lola is a healer who offers treatment in the form of integrating the body, emotion, and cognition of the individual, or the person, society, and culture. Lola would argue that the loss of integration results in the reappearance of the symptoms of a disorder. Lola most likely follows a ________ model.

A) social support

B) structural

C) clinical

D) persuasive

110) The ________ model holds that symptoms arise from conflicted social relationships and healing involves mobilizing a patient's kin to support him or her through the crisis and reintegrating the patient into a positive community.

A) social support

B) structural

C) clinical

D) persuasive

111) ________ is an atypical antipsychotic that has been used to treat schizophrenia.

A) Quetiapine

B) Cytosine

C) Glucosine

D) Atropine

112) Which of the following statements is true?

A) Atypical antipsychotics have little demonstrated positive effect on treating symptoms of schizophrenia.

B) Atypical antipsychotics are inferior to older medications causing psychiatrists to abandon them.

C) Although the atypical antipsychotics are superior to older medications, more work is needed to determine which of them are safest and most effective, and for which patients.

D) Researchers have determined which atypical antipsychotics are safest and most effective have identified which patients do best with which medicine.

113) What have studies shown about the efficacy of behavioral, cognitive, and social treatments of schizophrenia?

114) What are delusions? Briefly describe the common types of delusions experienced by people with schizophrenia.

115) Describe the negative symptoms of schizophrenia.

116) Briefly describe the other psychotic disorders that share features with schizophrenia.

117) Describe the genetic factors associated with schizophrenia.

118) What are three reasons why people diagnoses with schizophrenia suffer from infectious and circulatory diseases more than people without the diagnosis?

119) What have studies shown about the ability of behavioral, cognitive, and social treatments of schizophrenia?

120) Describe the structural and functional brain abnormalities associated with schizophrenia.

121) Identify three stressors that typically relate to schizophrenia as indicated by the text.

122) Briefly explain the original dopamine theory of schizophrenia. Why was it considered too simplistic?

123) Describe the psychosocial perspectives of schizophrenia.

124) Briefly describe the side effects of neuroleptics used in the treatment of schizophrenia.

125) Describe some of the characteristics of family-oriented therapy and assertive community treatment programs.