Ch6 Somatic Symptom And Dissociative Test Bank Docx

Abnormal Psychology, 8e (Nolen-Hoeksema)

Chapter 6 Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders

1) The ________ disorders are a group of disorders in which people experience significant physical symptoms for which there is no apparent organic cause.

A) dissociative

B) psychotic

C) adjustment

D) somatic symptom

2) Which of the following represents one of the difficulties in diagnosing somatic symptom disorders?

A) The person is usually unaware of physical symptoms of an ailment.

B) The person has difficulty pinpointing the physical discomfort.

C) The person may have a real physical problem that is difficult to detect.

D) The person does not consciously produce or control the symptoms.

3) When a woman believes she is pregnant, but physical examination and laboratory tests show negative results, this syndrome is called

A) pseudocyesis.

B) misconception syndrome.

C) pseudo expectancy.

D) miscarriage.

4) ________ was formerly known as hypochondriasis (without physical symptoms).

A) Illness anxiety disorder

B) Conversion disorder

C) Factitious disorder

D) Munchhausen's syndrome

5) Bethany is experiencing dizziness, head pain and numbness in her lower limbs, all with no apparent medical reason. Bethany is most likely experiencing a(n) ________ disorder.

A) pseudocyesis

B) somatic symptom

C) dissociative

D) acute stress

6) Sherry believes that she has a serious illness. She has had severe headaches and tremors for several days with no relief from traditional over-the-counter medicines. Her visit to the doctor revealed no organic reason for the headaches. Unsatisfied with the results, she goes to several other medical professionals for treatment. Sherry is most likely suffering from a(n)________ disorder.

A) illness anxiety

B) somatic symptom

C) dissociative

D) acute stress

7) Marcus spends a lot of time at his physician's clinic to deal with the pain in his abdomen. He has had several gastrointestinal tests as well as other diagnostic tests taken, but the doctors can find nothing to explain his pain. He spends much time worrying about his mystery pain is something serious. Marcus is most likely experiencing a(n) ________ disorder.

A) illness anxiety

B) somatic symptom

C) dissociative

D) acute stress

8) Vickianna's doctor is trying to diagnose if her condition is an illness anxiety disorder or a somatic symptom disorder. According to the DSM-5, to make the distinction, he should determine if Vickianna

A) has physical symptoms.

B) seeks medical help.

C) has anxious thoughts.

D) experiences acute stress.

9) Miguel has spent years being concerned about his health even though he has no symptoms or pain. Several years ago, he read an article on tumors and became preoccupied with thoughts about getting a tumor. He rarely seeks medical help and in fact avoids doctors and hospitals. Miguel is most likely experiencing a(n) ________ disorder.

A) illness anxiety

B) somatic symptom

C) dissociative

D) acute stress

10) Which of the following disorders may appear similar in their presentation?

A) Somatic symptom disorder and dissociative identity disorder

B) Somatic symptom disorder and conversion disorder

C) Somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder

D) Somatic symptom disorder and body dysmorphic disorder

11) People diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder frequently have periods of all of the following EXCEPT

A) substance abuse.

B) depression.

C) anxiety.

D) psychotic disorders.

12) Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder?

A) Posttraumatic stress disorder is unlikely to lead to somatic symptom disorder.

B) Somatic symptom disorder is not accompanied by physical symptoms such as aches or pain.

C) Studies have shown that changes in the symptoms of people with somatic symptom disorder mirror their emotional well-being.

D) A loss of functioning in a part of the body can be the person's only complaint in somatic symptom disorder.

13) Which of the following statements is true of the somatic symptom disorder in the United States?

A) Children rarely complain of somatic symptoms.

B) Adolescents are the most common group to be diagnosed with the disorder.

C) Middle-aged adults are more likely to report somatic symptoms than older adults.

D) Older adults are more likely to report multiple somatic symptoms than middle-aged adults.

14) Family studies suggest that somatic symptom disorders run primarily among ________ relatives, and ________ relatives have higher rates of alcoholism.

A) female; female

B) female; male

C) male; male

D) male; female

15) Herman has been diagnosed with somatic symptom disorder. He often misinterprets his bodily symptoms, which results in increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and dizziness. He states regularly, "If the pain doesn't stop soon, it will probably cause damage to the other parts of my body." Herman is most likely catastrophizing his symptoms. This maladaptive way of thinking is linked with the ________ theoretical perspective.

A) cognitive

B) behavioral

C) psychodynamic

D) existential

16) Studies of refugees who fled to the United States found that these groups often had:

A) posttraumatic stress disorder and conversion disorder.

B) posttraumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder.

C) posttraumatic stress disorder and somatic symptom disorder

D) posttraumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder.

17) Which treatment focuses on helping clients recall events and memories that may have triggered their somatization symptoms?

A) Psychodynamic

B) Cognitive-behavioral

C) Behavioral

D) Existential

18) In the treatment of somatic symptom disorder, ________ therapies attempt to determine and eliminate the reinforcements individuals receive for their symptoms, while increasing positive rewards for healthy behavior.

A) behavioral

B) cognitive

C) psychodynamic

D) humanistic

19) According to DSM-5, which of the following is a diagnostic criterion for illness anxiety disorder?

A) Somatic symptoms must be present that are severe in intensity.

B) Illness preoccupation should have been present for at least one month.

C) The individual must perform excessive health related behaviors.

D) The individual should show symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

20) Which of the following statements is true regarding somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder?

A) They are new to the DSM-5.

B) They first appeared in the DSM-IV-TR.

C) Research has firmly distinguished these as separate disorders.

D) They both involve actual physical symptoms.

21) Some researchers are concerned that the criteria for diagnosing somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder lump too many different syndromes together, and risk mislabeling ________ as mental illness.

A) general anxiety disorder

B) conversion symptoms

C) physical illness

D) migraines

22) Which of the following has been linked by research to somatic symptom disorder?

A) Substance abuse

B) Childhood physical and sexual abuse

C) Anorexia nervosa

D) Axis 1 disorders

23) More recent treatments for somatic symptom disorder include developing mindfulness and acceptance skills, acceptance and commitment therapy, and

A) internet-delivered CBT.

B) dialectical behavioral therapy.

C) ego psychology.

D) exposure therapy.

24) Cognitive therapies for somatic symptom disorder focus on:

A) challenging the client's maladaptive interpretations of physical symptoms and teaching them techniques for appropriate interpretations.

B) identifying the behavioral reinforcers that contribute to the manifestation of symptoms.

C) providing insight into the client's somatization symptoms and discussing early childhood experiences.

D) designing a behavior modification plan with punishers to discourage maladaptive ways of thinking.

25) People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

A) are typically physically challenged from birth.

B) tend to assume that serious illnesses are uncommon.

C) have symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function.

D) are not usually prone to chronic depression and anxiety.

26) Which of the following are the diagnostic criteria for conversion disorder?

A) at least two symptoms of altered motor or sensory function that is not due to recognized neurobiological or medical conditions, and not attributable to another disorder

B) the loss of neurologic functioning of the legs

C) the loss of vision

D) at least one symptom of altered motor or sensory function that is not due to recognized neurobiological or medical conditions, and not attributable to another disorder

27) Which of the following somatic symptom disorders is considered to be the most dramatic due to symptoms like blindness, seizures, loss of hearing, and mutism?

A) Social anxiety disorder

B) Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

C) Somatic symptom disorder

D) Posttraumatic stress disorder

28) Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

A) The conversion symptom develops after a trauma or psychological stressor.

B) Conversion disorder is quite common, with a high lifetime prevalence rate.

C) Loss of bodily functioning in conversion disorder is due to subconscious processes.

D) Conversion disorder typically involves multiple symptoms during a single episode of conversion.

29) Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) is usually characterized by:

A) sensory and motor deficits.

B) loss of memory.

C) pain in different areas of the body.

D) multiple personalities.

30) Lorna found her husband dead in their bedroom. He had been shot in the chest. After this incident, Lorna has been unable to see. Lorna is most likely exhibiting a symptom of ________ disorder.

A) dissociative

B) factitious

C) conversion

D) malingering

31) Jaclyn has been complaining for several weeks that she has lost all feeling in her right hand. A medical examination revealed no nerve damage. However, Jaclyn insists that something is wrong because she feels as though she has on a tight glove. Jaclyn is mostly experiencing ________ anesthesia associated with ________.

A) local; body dysmorphic disorder

B) regional; illness anxiety disorder

C) general; somatic symptom disorder

D) glove; conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)

32) Freud and his contemporaries viewed conversion symptoms as the result of:

A) the unconscious state of mind attempting to control the conscious state of mind.

B) the id trying to surpass the functioning of the ego and super ego.

C) the transfer of psychic energy attached to repressed emotions or memories to physical symptoms.

D) the displacement of unconscious anxiety onto a neutral or symbolic object.

33) According to Freud's explanation of the conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder), which of the following best describes secondary gain?

A) The reduction in anxiety as a result of repressed emotions being released physically

B) The attention and sympathy received as a result of the symptom complaints

C) The lack of concern or distress in the wake of a traumatic event

D) The hysteria that comes with the repression of agonizing memories

34) It was observed during the two world wars that many soldiers would report to have become inexplicably paralyzed or blind and therefore were unable to return to the front. Most of them seemed unconcerned about their paralysis or blindness. This phenomenon is known as

A) la belle indifference.

B) coup d'état.

C) esprit de corps.

D) sang-froid.

35) Which of the following statements is true of conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

A) Research studies have shown that people with conversion symptoms are not hypnotizable.

B) The symptoms of conversion disorder are usually clear-cut, and, hence, there is little room for misdiagnosis.

C) Impaired connectivity between sensory or motor areas of the brain is likely to cause conversion disorder.

D) Physiological tests often give definitive proof that a person's symptoms do not have physical causes.

36) People with conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder):

A) usually seek psychological treatment for physical symptoms.

B) can be difficult to treat because they cannot believe the ailment is psychological.

C) are usually aware of a traumatic experience that could have precipitated the disorder.

D) identify with more than three personalities within themselves.

37) ________ treatments for conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder) focus on relieving the person's anxiety around the initial trauma that caused the conversion symptoms and on reducing any benefits the person is receiving from the conversion symptoms.

A) Humanistic

B) Behavioral

C) Cognitive

D) Psychoanalytic

38) Factitious disorders are also referred to as

A) Korsakoff's syndrome.

B) Down syndrome.

C) Munchhausen's syndrome.

D) Tourette's syndrome.

39) Mary created an illness in her younger daughter to draw attention to herself. This is known as a

A) psychosomatic disorder imposed on self.

B) factitious disorder imposed on self.

C) factitious disorder imposed on another.

D) somatic symptom disorder imposed on another.

40) Candice faked her symptoms to gain medical attention. She exaggerated her symptoms to the point that exploratory surgery was conducted. Candice most likely has a

A) factitious disorder imposed on another.

B) factitious disorder imposed on self.

C) somatic symptom disorder.

D) psychosomatic disorder.

41) Somatic symptom disorders and dissociative disorders are considered by some theorists to be the result of a psychological process known as ________, in which different parts of an individual's identity, memories, or consciousness split off from one another.

A) dissolution

B) disintegration

C) degeneration

D) dissociation

42) The idea that dissociation is a process in which systems of ideas are split off from consciousness but are accessible through dreams and hypnosis was conceptualized by

A) Jean Piaget.

B) Thomas Simon.

C) Pierre Janet.

D) Alfred Binet.

43) In Hilgard's study on the "hidden observer" phenomenon, he argued that there are two modes of consciousness: the ________ mode the and ________ mode.

A) repressive; active

B) active; receptive

C) receptive; suppressive

D) suppressive; repressive

44) The active mode in Hilgard's study referred to:

A) the unconscious state of mind that creates pleasant memories.

B) the conscious state of mind that registers and stores information without being aware that the information has been processed.

C) the mind's short-term or working memory that can only hold information for up to 20 seconds.

D) the conscious state of mind that includes a person's conscious plans and desires and voluntary actions.

45) For most people, the active mode and receptive mode:

A) act as separate entities.

B) weave experiences together so seamlessly that no division is noticed.

C) work together to process and store only our most pleasant memories.

D) hide the true meaning of a person's dissociative experiences.

46) Dissociative identity disorder was formerly known as ________ disorder.

A) bipolar

B) multiple disintegration

C) multiple personality

D) dissociative personality

47) Which of the following dissociative disorders is characterized by a person developing one or more distinct personalities?

A) Dissociative identity disorder

B) Dissociative fugue

C) Dissociative amnesia

D) Depersonalization/derealization disorder

48) Which of the following individuals is most likely to receive a diagnosis of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Shiloh makes repetitive strange utterances and movements as if in a trance.

B) Jack often wanders away from his home and returns home when he chooses to.

C) Ellen appears to have alternate personalities that are extremely different from each other.

D) Ronald often inflicts self-injuries consciously and turns up at hospitals.

49) A person diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder may have several alters. An alter is a(n):

A) alternate personality.

B) alternate mood.

C) repressed memory.

D) out-of-body experience.

50) Which of the following is the most common alter found in people with dissociative identity disorder?

A) The helper

B) The host

C) The persecutor

D) The child

51) In dissociative identity disorder, an alter that inflicts pain or punishment on the other personalities by engaging in self-injurious behaviors (such as self-cutting or self-burning) and suicide attempts is called

A) the oppressor.

B) the persecutor.

C) the tyrant.

D) the bully.

52) Which of the following is considered to be the most dangerous alter found in dissociative identity disorder?

A) The helper

B) The host

C) The persecutor

D) The child

53) Which of the following alters found in dissociative identity disorder offers advice to the other personalities or performs behaviors the host is unable to handle?

A) The helper

B) The host

C) The persecutor

D) The child

54) Which of the following is true of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

A) The host is always in control of the other alters.

B) The alters in DID are not aware of each other.

C) People diagnosed with DID claim to have significant periods of amnesia.

D) Persecutor alters are often responsible for switching between personalities.

55) A disorder that has high comorbidity with DID is

A) post-traumatic stress disorder.

B) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.

C) somatoform disorder.

D) autism spectrum disorder.

56) Which of the following defines the sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder?

A) alternate identities are created by patients who adopt the idea or narrative of dissociative identity disorder as an explanation that fits their lives.

B) alternate identities are created by the parents of patients who would have preferred different children.

C) alternate identities emerge from normal id functioning,

D) alternate identities are created by patients who reject the idea or narrative of that one identity is sufficient.

57) The sociocognitive model of dissociative identity disorder argues that what appear to be different personalities in patients are actually ________ that help deal with stresses in their lives.

A) group dynamics

B) roles

C) psychic splits

D) instincts

58) Zhang Wei reported to his therapist that he hears several voices in his head and that some of his actions or words are being controlled by other people inside him. Zhang Wei's symptoms are representative of ________ disorder.

A) somatic symptom

B) narcissistic personality

C) dissociative identity

D) histrionic personality

59) Which of the following explains why dissociative identity disorder was not diagnosed before 1980?

A) The symptoms were rarely reported prior to 1980.

B) There was no such diagnostic category in the DSM-II.

C) The disorder lacked empirical evidence until after 1980.

D) No DSM existed prior to 1980.

60) When people with dissociative identity disorder report hearing voices talking inside their heads, they may be misdiagnosed as having

A) bipolar disorder with psychotic features.

B) schizophrenia.

C) major depressive disorder.

D) brief psychotic disorder.

61) In which of the following countries is dissociative identity disorder diagnosed most frequently?

A) United States

B) Great Britain

C) Japan

D) India

62) Some studies suggest that ________ may be more likely than other ethnic groups to experience dissociative symptoms in response to traumas.

A) African Americans

B) Latinos

C) Asians

D) Native Americans

63) DSM-5 has added the words ________ to the DID criterion A. This makes the criteria more applicable to diverse cultural groups and to identify a common presentation of DID in non-Western cultures as well as subgroups in Western cultures.

A) "or an experience of possession"

B) "communing with god"

C) "and a spiritual trance"

D) "or a religious possession"

64) Dissociative symptoms may be part of the syndrome of ________, a culturally accepted reaction to stress among Latinos.

A) ataque de nervios

B) mal de ojo

C) susto

D) amok

65) Which of the following is the most common contributor to dissociative identity disorder?

A) Genetic predisposition to the disorder

B) Chronic physical or sexual abuse during childhood

C) Low socioeconomic family status

D) Presence of several other mental disorders

66) People who develop dissociative identity disorder tend to be:

A) less suggestible and hypnotizable.

B) somewhat suggestible and hypnotizable.

C) highly suggestible and hypnotizable.

D) suggestible and hypnotizable to a small extent.

67) Which of the following is a treatment goal for dissociative identity disorder?

A) Identifying ways to help clients create a hierarchy of traumatic experiences and learning relaxation techniques to handle the stressors

B) Helping the client work through the trauma to integrate all the alternative personalities into one coherent personality

C) Identifying the traumatic experience and implementing behavior modification to reward or punish the alters

D) Helping the host concentrate on health-enhancing behaviors using exercise and dietary supplements

68) Which of the following is a reason an individual may develop dissociative identity disorder?

A) Inability to control their behavior

B) As a strategy to cope with traumas

C) In order to gain attention for themselves

D) Constant preoccupation with illness

69) Which of the following is true about dissociative fugue diagnoses?

A) They are very common in Western cultures.

B) They are often confused with panic attacks.

C) They are very rare.

D) They are often confused with diagnoses of dissociative identity disorder.

70) A dissociative fugue may last for ________ or ________.

A) minutes; hours

B) hours; days

C) days; years

D) a minute; two

71) Which of the following techniques is heavily used to contact alters in the case of dissociative identity disorder?

A) Channeling

B) Dream analysis

C) Hypnosis

D) Memory exercises

72) In the case of dissociative identity disorder, patients who are able to integrate their personalities are:

A) more likely to relapse with more serious problems.

B) more likely to remain relatively free from the symptoms and reduce medication.

C) more likely to develop severe symptoms of other psychological disorders.

D) encouraged to discontinue psychotherapy to measure the effectiveness of the treatment.

73) Amnesia is categorized as either ________ or ________.

A) organic; physiological

B) physiological; neurotic

C) psychotic; psychogenic

D) psychogenic; organic

74) Which of the following is true of organic amnesia?

A) Organic amnesia is often caused by psychosocial factors.

B) Organic amnesia typically involves anterograde and retrograde amnesia.

C) Organic amnesia is caused by brain injury.

D) Organic amnesia results from early childhood conflicts.

75) Organic amnesia often involves the inability to remember new information, known as ________ amnesia.

A) anterograde

B) retrograde

C) retrospective

D) regressive

76) Karen had a hiking accident that resulted in head trauma. She now has difficulty remembering new information. Karen's amnesia would be categorized as

A) anterograde.

B) infantile.

C) psychogenic.

D) retrograde.

77) The inability to remember information from the past is known as ________ amnesia.

A) anterograde

B) retrograde

C) retrospective

D) regressive

78) Ananya has dementia. It is becoming increasingly difficulty for her to remember her past. Sometimes she forgets her children's names. Ananya's amnesia would be categorized as

A) anterograde.

B) infantile.

C) factitious.

D) retrograde.

79) Robert has an accident when he is out trekking with his friends. He cannot recall anything that happened just before slipping and hitting his head on a boulder. He most likely has

A) psychogenic amnesia.

B) anterograde amnesia.

C) retrograde amnesia.

D) repressive amnesia.

80) When retrograde amnesia is due to organic causes, people will typically remember:

A) where they lived.

B) their personal identities.

C) the names of their children.

D) major historical events of the period.

81) Korsakoff's syndrome is characterized by:

A) global retrograde amnesia associated with severe alcohol consumption.

B) anterograde amnesia resulting from structural damage to the brain.

C) anterograde and retrograde amnesia due to organic and psychological factors.

D) a fugue state that results in loss of identity and the creation of a new identity.

82) Jans has a history of drinking heavily before going to bed. His family accuses him of kicking the dog, breaking several dishes, and being verbally abusive on several occasions. Jan recalls none of these incidents and soon begins to forget personal information as well. Jan's memory loss is most likely related to

A) Korsakoff's syndrome.

B) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

C) general anxiety disorder (GAD).

D) depersonalization.

83) Verna has no idea how she ended up in her current surroundings. She feels comfortable and is not bothered by the fact that she cannot remember her past. Verna is most likely to be experiencing a(n)

A) dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue.

B) anterograde amnesia.

C) Korsakoff's syndrome.

D) unconscious fugue.

84) Steven left his home abruptly without taking any of his belongings. He relocated to a nearby town. Several months later, he returned to his old home with no memory of his travel. Steven would most likely be diagnosed with

A) schizophrenia.

B) dissociative identity disorder.

C) dissociative amnesia with dissociative fugue.

D) depersonalization/derealization disorder.

85) Janet has been diagnosed with dissociative fugue. She is typically likely to:

A) experience autobiographical memory loss.

B) exhibit signs of a false pregnancy.

C) exhibit maladaptive avoidance.

D) experience a high level of anxiety about personal health.

86) Which of the following statements is true of psychogenic amnesia?

A) It often involves anterograde amnesia.

B) It typically involves the inability to remember new information.

C) It involves a generalized loss of memory for the past.

D) It involves memory loss that is limited to personal information.

87) Unlike a person with dissociative identity disorder, a person in a fugue state:

A) will behave quite normally in the new environment.

B) will maintain his or her original identity in the fugue state.

C) will remember what happened during the fugue state.

D) will find it hard to cope in the new environment.

88) The main difference between dissociative amnesia with versus without the specification of dissociative fugue is that:

A) people with dissociative amnesia typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative fugue do not take flight and create new identities.

B) people with dissociative fugue typically leave home and create a new life for themselves in another area, while people with dissociative amnesia do not take flight and create new identities.

C) people with dissociative amnesia typically create alternative personalities, whereas people with dissociative fugue typically do not create new identities.

D) people with dissociative fugue typically maintain their original personalities, whereas people with dissociative amnesia create new identities.

89) One complication that arises in diagnosing amnesias is the possibility that:

A) amnesias may be faked by people to escape punishment for crimes committed.

B) amnesias may be the result of using dissociation as a defense against intolerable memories or stressors.

C) amnesia may occur at a high state of arousal where the person cannot encode and store information.

D) people may forget some, but not all, events that may therefore lead to an inconclusive diagnosis.

90) Many courts deny the use of hypnosis in the case of dissociative amnesia because of the possibility that:

A) the individual may not be able to come out of the hypnotic state.

B) hypnosis will "create" memories through the power of suggestion.

C) hypnosis can lead to permanent memory loss.

D) some individuals are not suggestible and cannot be hypnotized.

91) Amnesia is frequently seen in murder cases with ________ percent of people arrested for homicide claiming to have amnesia.

A) 0–15

B) 15–30

C) 25–45

D) 50–75

92) Depersonalization/derealization disorder is characterized by:

A) the person suddenly taking flight, moving to another area, and creating a new identity.

B) the presence of one or more distinct personalities vying for control of the individual.

C) experiences in which the person feels detached from his/her mental processes, body, or surroundings.

D) the person's inability to remember specific events, time periods, or personal information.

93) To receive a diagnosis of depersonalization/derealization disorder, the person must:

A) have frequent and distressing episodes of detachment from self or surroundings that disrupt functioning.

B) have been under the influence of an illicit drug or be chronically sleep deprived.

C) have alternating personalities trying to gain control.

D) have been exposed to a traumatic event such as sexual assault.

94) Repressed memories represent a form of

A) somatization.

B) factitious disorders.

C) depersonalization.

D) dissociative amnesia.

95) Experiences of unreality or detachment with respect to surroundings are typical of individuals diagnosed with:

A) dissociative fugue.

B) factitious disorder imposed on another.

C) illness anxiety disorder.

D) depersonalization/derealization disorder.

96) Memories formed before the age of ________ tend to be sketchy.

A) 3

B) 5

C) 7

D) 10

97) To test how easy it is to create a false memory, Elizabeth Loftus designed a series of studies around

A) being sexually abused.

B) being lost at the mall.

C) seeing a bus exploding.

D) seeing satanic ritual abuse.

98) Elizabeth Loftus's "lost at the mall" studies showed how easy it is to

A) create a false memory.

B) reveal repressed memories.

C) use hypnotism to uncover memories.

D) use sodium amatol to uncover lost memories.

99) Freyd and colleagues (2007) suggest that individuals who dissociate from, and forget, their abusive experiences are most likely to perform differently from other individuals in

A) identifying emotions.

B) motor skills tests.

C) cognitive tasks.

D) routine activities.

100) What is somatic symptom disorder? How is it different from illness anxiety disorders, factitious disorders imposed on self, factitious disorders imposed on another, and conversion disorders (functional neurological symptom disorders)?

101) Are researchers clear that somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder are distinct disorders?

102) What is conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)? What are some of the common types of conversion symptoms?

103) How did the psychoanalytic theory interpret conversion disorder (functional neurological symptom disorder)?

104) What has research from 2018 (Ludwig, et al.) shown about the possible causes of conversion disorder?

105) Why is the prognosis of clients with conversion disorder poor?

106) What is factitious disorder imposed on self? What is factitious disorder imposed on another? What are some of the costs to a child whose mother has Munchhausen's or factitious syndrome?

107) What is dissociative identity disorder (DID)? What are its symptoms?

108) What is the goal of the treatment of dissociative identity disorder?

109) What are some of the issues in diagnosing dissociative identity disorder (DID)? What are some of the reasons for cross-national differences in the diagnosis rates of DID?

110) What characterizes a dissociative fugue?

111) What is dissociative amnesia? What is meant by organic and psychogenic amnesia?

112) Briefly discuss the differences between psychogenic and organic amnesia.

113) Describe dissociative fugue and some of its key characteristics.

114) Imagine yourself as a juror in the following murder case (from Loftus, 1993). The defendant is George Franklin, Sr., 51 years old, standing trial for a murder that occurred more than 20 years earlier. The victim was eight year-old Susan Kay Nason. Franklin's daughter, Eileen, only eight years old herself at the time of the murder, provided the major evidence against her father. Eileen's memory of the murder, however, had re-emerged only recently, after 20 years of being repressed.