Ch29 Chemical Signaling Within The Animal Test Bank Docx

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 29 Chemical Signaling Within the Animal Body

1) Which part of the brain receives signals from the body and issues a chemical response to target cells?

A) medulla oblongata

B) thalamus

C) cerebrum

D) hypothalamus

E) cerebellum

2) Hormones are highly specific because they are

A) each active in every cell in the body.

B) recognized by specific receptors on target cells.

C) produced by the body.

D) faster than nervous impulses.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

3) The receptor for steroid hormones lies

A) in the cell nucleus or cytoplasm.

B) within the cell membrane.

C) on the outside of the cell membrane.

D) on the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.

E) in the cytoplasm of neurons.

4) Receptors for peptide hormones lie

A) in the nucleus of the cell.

B) in the cytoplasm.

C) within the cell membrane.

D) on the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

5) A second messenger

A) is most commonly cyclic AMP.

B) serves to amplify the signal.

C) activate enzymes.

D) create a cascade of enzyme-activating events.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

6) ________ regulates the kidney's retention of water. Its secretion is suppressed by alcohol.

A) Prolactin

B) Oxytocin

C) Thyroxin

D) Vasopressin (ADH)

E) Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

7) ________ hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary during childhood and puberty and stimulates growth of muscle and bone throughout the body.

A) Follicle-stimulating

B) Adrenocorticotropic

C) Prolactin

D) Growth

E) Oxytocin

8) ________ hormone is significant in the female menstrual cycle, triggering maturation of an egg.

A) Follicle-stimulating

B) Adrenocorticotropic

C) Prolactin

D) Growth

E) Oxytocin

9) ________ hormone stimulates the male gonads to produce testosterone and triggers ovulation in females.

A) Adrenocorticotropic

B) Follicle-stimulating

C) Luteinizing

D) Growth

E) Follicle-stimulating (FSH)

10) ________ hormone stimulates the adrenal gland to produce several steroid hormones.

A) Adrenocorticotropic

B) Follicle-stimulating

C) Luteinizing

D) Growth

E) Prolactin

11) The hormone that causes color changes in reptiles is called ________. The effects of it in humans is not well understood.

A) prolactin

B) thyroid-stimulating hormone

C) melanocyte-stimulating hormone

D) somatotropin

12) ________ is an autoimmune disease that attacks the islets of Langerhans which results in low insulin secretion.

A) Type I diabetes

B) Type II diabetes

C) Pancreatitis

D) Pancreatic cancer

E) Hardening of the pancreas

13) In ________, the numbers of insulin receptors on target cells are abnormally low.

A) goiter

B) type II diabetes

C) type I diabetes

D) gallbladder disease

E) pancreatic cancer

14) If an individual has insufficient iodine in their diet, it can result in decreased secretion of thyroxine. This decrease in thyroxine can cause a

A) rapid metabolic rate.

B) reduced thyroid.

C) goiter.

D) decrease in metabolic rate.

E) loss of fluid.

15) Calcitonin is produced by the

A) thyroid gland.

B) adrenal medulla.

C) parathyroid glands.

D) anterior pituitary.

E) hypothalamus.

16) The ________ hormone is one of the two hormones required for survival due to its vital role in calcium production for muscle contraction.

A) parathyroid

B) growth

C) follicle-stimulating

D) luteinizing

E) prolactin

17) Parathyroid hormone acts to ensure

A) sodium levels in urine are constant.

B) potassium levels in the blood don't escalate.

C) calcium levels in the blood never drop too low.

D) amounts of water in the blood are sufficient.

E) insulin is regulated.

18) The adrenal cortex releases ________, which signals the kidneys to uptake sodium ions and increase reabsorption of water.

A) ADH

B) epinephrine

C) glucose

D) aldosterone

E) cortisol

19) One of the two adrenal medulla hormones that stimulate an "alarm" response along with the sympathetic nervous system is

A) adrenocorticotropic hormone.

B) epinephrine.

C) aldosterone.

D) cortisol.

E) insulin.

20) If a patient exhibits high levels of cortisol for a long period of time, they may

A) develop high blood pressure.

B) gain weight.

C) have difficulty maintaining a healthy blood sugar level.

D) have difficulty fighting off infections.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

21) Which hormone would be released in times of stress and cause increased blood flow to the heart and lungs, accelerated heartbeat, and higher blood pressure?

A) calcitonin

B) vasopressin

C) testosterone

D) parathyroid

E) epinephrine

22) A hormone travels from the gland that releases it to the target cell through

A) the bloodstream.

B) nerve axons.

C) the digestive tract.

D) the respiratory tract.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

23) Which is an advantage of using chemical hormones as messengers rather than electrical signals to control body organs?

A) Different hormones can be targeted at different tissues because they are all chemically different.

B) Chemical signals can persist longer.

C) Chemical signals are usually only required in small amounts.

D) Chemical signals can spread to all tissues via the blood.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

24) The adrenal glands are located

A) at the base of the neck.

B) on top of the kidneys.

C) in the brain.

D) in the testes.

E) attached to the thyroid gland.

25) When calcium levels in the blood are low, the ________ produce ________ which stimulates the breakdown of bone, releasing calcium.

A) parathyroid glands; parathyroid hormone

B) parathyroid glands; calcitonin

C) adrenal glands; calcitonin

D) adrenal glands; aldosterone

E) kidneys; parathyroid hormone

26) Anabolic steroids

A) when injected into muscles, can activate growth genes that lead to larger muscles.

B) can lead to liver damage.

C) can lead to high blood pressure and heart disease.

D) are dangerous and illegal to use in sports.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

27) Which hormone is a steroid hormone?

A) antidiuretic hormone

B) luteinizing hormone

C) progesterone

D) insulin

E) follicle-stimulating hormone

28) Prolactin stimulates the breasts to produce milk, which is released in response to oxytocin.

29) Releasing hormones from the hypothalamus control the secretion of anterior pituitary hormones.

30) Excessive alcohol and caffeine consumption stimulates the antidiuretic hormone and promotes water retention.

31) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is only found in females.

32) ________ is the hormone released by the pancreas to lower levels of glucose in the blood.

33) Peptide hormones activate within-cell signals called ________ ________ which amplify the response of the cell.

34) If a classmate was studying uterine contractions for a biology project, they might be studying the hormone ________.

35) Estrogen, testosterone, and progesterone are ________ hormones, which are manufactured from cholesterol.

36) The anterior pituitary hormone ________ stimulates the breasts to produce milk.

37) ________ glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while ________ glands secrete hormones through ducts that empty to the outside or to the digestive cavity.

38) The adrenal ________ releases adrenaline and norepinephrine, while the adrenal ________ releases cortisol and aldosterone.

39) The ________ gland consists of two lobes and is controlled by the hypothalamus.

40) Using a model in biology lab, you are asked to locate the gland that produces thyroxine and calcitonin in the neck. You locate the ________.

41) What are the three advantages of using hormones as messengers rather than nerves to control bodily processes?

42) Explain how blood glucose is regulated through the actions of hormones.

43) Explain how the level of calcium in blood is kept within narrow limits and why this is important.

44) Explain what types of hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland, how these hormones are transported, and what effects they have on the anterior pituitary.