Chapter 31 Plant Form And Function Exam Prep

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 31 Plant Form and Function

1) The aboveground part of a vascular plant is called the shoot and the belowground part is called the

A) stem.

B) node.

C) root.

D) pith.

E) vascular system.

2) In plants, primary growth occurs at an active growth zone called a(n)

A) apical meristem.

B) lateral meristem.

C) internode.

D) cork cambium.

E) vascular bundle.

3) The growth zone that gives rise to outer layers of bark on both root and shoots is the

A) vascular cambium.

B) cork cambium.

C) root system.

D) apical meristem.

E) vascular bundle.

4) ________ cells are the most common plant cell type that carry out photosynthesis, cellular respiration, and food and water storage.

A) Parenchyma

B) Collenchyma

C) Sclerenchyma

D) Meristem

E) Primary root

5) ________ cells lack cytoplasm at maturity, are tough and thick-walled, and serve to strengthen tissues.

A) Parenchyma

B) Collenchyma

C) Sclerenchyma

D) Meristem

E) Primary root

6) ________ provide much of the support for plant organs in which secondary growth has not occurred, forming strands in leaf stalks or along veins in leaves.

A) Sclerenchyma cells

B) Parenchyma cells

C) Tracheids

D) Collenchyma cells

E) The vascular bundles

7) ________ are outgrowths of the epidermis that occur on the shoot.

A) Root hairs

B) Sieve cells

C) Tracheids

D) Trichomes

E) Guard cells

8) Food conducting phloem consists of ________ lined up end to end, forming tubes.

A) vessel elements

B) companion cells

C) sieve-tube members

D) tracheids

E) guard cells

9) If a scientist was creating a new herbicide that disrupted gas and water exchange across the epidermis, they would be targeting

A) vessel elements.

B) trichomes.

C) stomata.

D) root hairs.

E) the cuticle.

10) Just beneath the upper epidermis of a leaf is one or more layers of closely packed column-like cells, called

A) palisade mesophyll.

B) the cuticle.

C) stipules.

D) spongy mesophyll.

E) the lower epidermis.

11) In primary growth, lateral branches of stems may arise from

A) leaf petioles.

B) leaf axils.

C) the cortex of the stem.

D) the pith of the stem.

E) the root system.

12) If you peeled the bark off a tree trunk, you would be exposing the

A) secondary xylem.

B) periderm.

C) cork cambium.

D) vascular cambium.

E) root system.

13) During root elongation, lateral roots arise from the

A) cortex.

B) pericycle.

C) root hairs.

D) epidermis.

E) endodermis.

14) The ________ is a waxy band surrounding endodermal cells in the root.

A) cortex

B) pericycle

C) root band

D) Casparian strip

E) cuticle

15) Plants with ________ have less root hairs because the fungal filaments take over their function for the plant.

A) lichens

B) branch roots

C) mycorrhizae

D) two pericycles

E) ground meristem

16) Translocation moves carbohydrates up and down the stem by using

A) energy supplied by the plant.

B) a passive process of water pressure supplied by osmosis.

C) a negative feedback reaction from the root system.

D) active transport of sugars from the leaves to the roots.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

17) The vascular bundles in the stem of a eudicot plant are arranged in a ring.

18) In a plant showing secondary growth, the phloem forms wood.

19) The two leaflike organs which may flank the base of the petiole where it joins the stem are called

A) blades.

B) palisades.

C) stipules.

D) Casparian strips.

E) pericycles.

20) The innermost portion of a eudicot stem contains

A) vascular bundles.

B) pith.

C) endoderm.

D) xylem.

E) phloem.

21) Plants rely on xylem to acquire minerals from

A) rain.

B) air.

C) soil.

D) digested insects.

E) leaves.

22) The growth zone that gives rise to thick accumulations of secondary xylem and phloem is the

A) vascular cambium.

B) cork cambium.

C) lateral meristem.

D) apical meristem.

E) pericycle.

23) ________ create areas of gritty flesh in pears.

A) Collenchyma cells

B) Parenchyma cells

C) Tracheids

D) Sclereids

E) Fibers

24) Which type of vascular tissue conducts carbohydrates?

A) collenchyma cells

B) sclereids

C) xylem

D) phloem

E) fibers

25) The two principal types of conducting cells in the xylem are ________ and ________.

A) tracheids; vessel elements

B) sieve tubes; companion cells

C) sieve cells; sieve tube members

D) guard cells; tracheids

E) protoderm cells; pericycle cells

26) Trichomes

A) are outgrowths of the epidermis on stem and leave surfaces.

B) regulate gas exchange in the leaf.

C) increase a plant's ability to absorb minerals.

D) vary greatly between different types of plants.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

27) The ________ encircles the endodermis cells and directs the movement of water and minerals into the cells.

A) cortex

B) pericycle

C) root band

D) Casparian strip

E) phloem

28) The process by which water leaves a plant is called

A) tension.

B) translocation.

C) expiration.

D) transpiration.

E) exhalation.

29) Meristems

A) provide structural strength.

B) produce energy.

C) divide for plant growth.

D) elongate.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

30) You cut down a tree and count 23 rings in the trunk. You conclude that the tree is

A) most likely 23 years old.

B) probably 230 years old.

C) 46 years old.

D) 12.5 years old.

E) This does not tell the age of the tree.

31) In many monocot leaves, the veins are parallel, but in most dicots, the pattern of veins is

A) perpendicular.

B) pinnate.

C) palmate.

D) whorled.

E) reticulate.

32) While examining the leaves of a plant, you find cells which are alive but lack nuclei. You are examining

A) companion cells.

B) sieve cells.

C) guard cells.

D) collenchyma.

E) meristem cells.

33) The way water travels up the length of the stem is explained by the cohesion-adhesion-tension theory.

34) The movement of water up through a plant is a passive process that requires no energy expenditure by the plant.

35) ________ growth results in the thickening of the plant body.

36) Stomata open and close because of changes in the water pressure of their ________ cells.

37) ________ is a type of vascular tissue that conducts water and dissolved minerals throughout the plant.

38) ________ tissue comprises the outer protective cell layer in plants.

39) Cork, cork cambium, and parenchyma make up the layer called the ________.

40) In a eudicot root, the cylinder of one or more cell layers that surrounds the column of vascular tissue and forms its outer boundary is called the ________.

41) Specialized parenchyma cells, known as ________ cells, regularly associate with sieve-tube members.

42) The slender stalk found in most leaves is called the ________.

43) Ashes, box elders, and walnuts all have leaflets. These leaflets are part of a more complex leaf called a ________ leaf.

44) ________ is accumulated secondary xylem and is one of the most useful products obtained from plants.

45) What causes the annual rings we see in the wood of trees?

46) Explain how plants are able to raise water to great heights at the top of the tree.

47) In plants, primary growth is provided by activity of the ________ meristems, and secondary growth is provided by activity of the ________ meristems.

48) If you were selecting parts of a tomato plant to view different cell types, where would you locate parenchyma cells to view?

A) epidermis of the leaves

B) the tomato fruit

C) the root system

D) the vascular tissue

E) the epidermis of the stem

49) The cuticle has multiple roles. Select all that describe the structure and function of the cuticle.

A) It protects leaves from UV damage.

B) It prevents water loss.

C) It is part of the vascular tissue.

D) It covers the dermis layer.

E) It is a waxy layer.

50) ________ roots arise from the stem and are found in bulb plants, perennial grasses, and plants that produce rhizomes.