Ch.28 Exam Questions The Nervous System

Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson)

Chapter 28 The Nervous System

1) ________ nerves carry impulses away from the central nervous system.

A) Sensory

B) Motor

C) Afferent

D) Involuntary

E) Association

2) A large enough, localized "depolarization" in a neuron first causes nearby ________ channels to open.

A) voltage-gated sodium

B) sodium-potassium pump

C) voltage-gated potassium

D) chemically gated proton

E) electron-gated channel

3) If you were putting labels on a model of the brain, which would be on the frontal lobe of the cerebrum?

A) vision

B) hearing

C) balance

D) visual association

E) speech

4) A nerve impulse is initiated when

A) resting membrane potential is established.

B) physical disruption of the cell membrane causes sodium channels to open.

C) the Schwann cells move into their new position.

D) voltage-gated channels close.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

5) Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter which forms an excitatory synapse in ________ muscle and an inhibitory synapse in ________ muscle.

A) smooth; skeletal

B) skeletal; cardiac

C) cardiac; skeletal

D) skeletal; smooth

E) smooth; cardiac

6) The fact that synapses can be excitatory or inhibitory results in a process known as

A) integration.

B) autonomic control.

C) sensory control.

D) interpretation.

E) afferent control.

7) The corpus callosum connects the two halves of the

A) brain stem.

B) thalamus.

C) cerebellum.

D) cerebrum.

E) medulla oblongata

8) If a stroke victim has problems processing thoughts, damage has probably occurred to the

A) cerebellum.

B) hypothalamus.

C) thalamus.

D) cerebrum.

E) pons.

9) The major site of sensory processing in the brain is the

A) thalamus.

B) brain stem.

C) hypothalamus.

D) cerebellum.

E) hippocampus.

10) The brain center for information processing and integrating the internal activities of the body is the

A) cerebrum.

B) hypothalamus.

C) cerebellum.

D) pituitary gland.

E) hippocampus.

11) The ________ is responsible for deep-seated emotions, including sex, hunger, thirst, pain, anger, and pleasure.

A) brain stem

B) limbic system

C) pituitary gland

D) cerebellum

E) hypothalamus

12) The ________ is a network of nerves running through several areas of the brain, and is responsible for sleep and wakefulness.

A) limbic system

B) brain stem

C) medulla oblongata

D) reticular formation

E) parietal lobe

13) The ________ nervous system occurs without thought and works to control glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles.

A) motor

B) voluntary

C) autonomic

D) central

E) afferent

14) Cilia from sensory cells that detect motion are located within the

A) eardrum.

B) semicircular canals.

C) upper nasal cavity.

D) cochlea.

E) muscle fibers.

15) Two senses that are able to detect chemicals in air and in food are

A) touch and pressure.

B) sight and smell.

C) hearing and balance.

D) taste and smell.

E) hearing and smell.

16) The light-detecting visual pigment complex found in human photoreceptors is called

A) rhodopsin.

B) carotene.

C) umami.

D) the hippocampus.

E) the retina.

17) The sharpest image is produced by the ________, where the concentration of cones is highest.

A) synaptic terminal

B) optic nerve

C) fovea

D) parallax

E) rhodopsin

18) The light that passes through the pupil is focused by the lens on the

A) iris.

B) sclera.

C) retina.

D) lens.

E) choroids.

19) There are ________ kinds of cone cells that allow us to see colors.

A) 3

B) 10

C) 25

D) 200

E) 600

20) A disadvantage of an animal with eyes on the side of its head is that it lacks

A) peripheral vision.

B) seeing in color.

C) seeing the color green.

D) depth perception.

E) night vision.

21) Which type of neuron is located entirely within the central nervous system?

A) association

B) sensory

C) motor

D) afferent

E) terminal

22) Otoliths are involved in the body's ability to

A) hear.

B) maintain balance.

C) smell.

D) taste.

E) see.

23) Baroreceptors are neurons that sense

A) muscle tension.

B) pain.

C) blood pressure.

D) body temperature.

E) hearing.

24) Which part of the nervous system conserves energy by slowing the heartbeat and breathing rate and promoting digestion and elimination?

A) parasympathetic

B) sympathetic

C) central

D) voluntary

E) somatic

25) Which part of the brain regulates body temperature, blood pressure, respiration, and heartbeat?

A) cerebrum

B) hypothalamus

C) amygdala

D) occipital lobe

E) cerebellum

26) Which part of the brain controls balance and coordination?

A) medulla oblongata

B) hypothalamus

C) amygdala

D) occipital lobe

E) cerebellum

27) Taste receptor cells are grouped into bulb-shaped collections called

A) otoliths.

B) nodes of Ranvier.

C) taste buds.

D) cupula.

E) cones.

28) Sound is sensed when sound waves produce vibrations of the membranes in the ________, bending hair cells and causing them to send nerve impulses to the brain.

A) saccule

B) utricle

C) cochlea

D) olfactory mucosa

E) eustachian tube

29) In a resting neuron, sodium is more concentrated outside of the cell than inside.

30) The gray matter of the spinal cord is surrounded by the white matter.

31) In the propagation of an action potential, potassium channels open before sodium channels.

32) When a photon of light is received, the trans-retinal pigment is changed to a cis-retinal pigment.

33) In an inhibitory synapse, the receptor protein is usually a chemically gated sodium channel.

34) The ________ period is the time after the action potential has passed and before the resting membrane potential is restored.

35) The hippocampus and amygdala, along with parts of the hypothalamus, make up an area of the brain called the ________ ________.

36) Much of the thought that occurs in the thinking portion of the brain occurs in the gray outer layer called the ________ ________.

37) A local reversal of charge moving along a nerve axon is called a(n) ________ potential.

38) The ________ ________ is a cable of neurons arising from the base of the brain stem, extending downward through the vertebral column.

39) The division of the autonomic nervous system that dominates in a time of stress is called the ________ nervous system.

40) The ________ ________ collectively refers to the midbrain, medulla oblongata, and pons. It also connects the brain to the spinal cord.

41) The junction between the axon of one neuron and the membrane of a second neuron is called a ________.

42) Chemical messengers that are released by a presynaptic cell, cross the synaptic cleft, and cause a change in electrical charge in the postsynaptic cell are called ________.

43) The sensory receptors that sense changes in the body's internal environment are called ________.

44) Balance is associated with the movements of particles called ________ in the inner ear.

45) The three tiny bones in the ear that act as a lever system are called ________.

46) List the types of information animals can sense about their internal environments.

47) Compare the sympathetic nervous system with the parasympathetic nervous system.

48) Describe the path that sound travels to reach the inner ear.

49) There are three types of neurons in the body with specific functions. From the list below, select all three types of neurons.

A) sensory

B) interoceptor

C) motor

D) association

E) chemoreceptors

50) There are four main stages in a nerve impulse. Starting with a neuron not carrying an impulse, which of the following occurs second?

A) The voltage-gated channels open.

B) The neurons are at rest.

C) The gates open and close in a "domino" like chain.

D) An action potential forms.

E) A delay occurs in the voltage-gated channels.

51) If a patient was given a medicine to help slow or control their body movements, the target of the medicine would be a group of neurotransmitters called

A) norepinephrine.

B) epinephrine.

C) serotonin.

D) dopamine.

E) baroreceptors.

52) If a person was planning a road trip with an excited dog, a veterinarian may prescribe valium to calm the dog during the trip. This drug works by

A) interfering with the neurotransmitter dopamine.

B) enhancing the binding of GABA to its receptor.

C) increasing the effects of norepinephrine.

D) completely shutting down the autonomic nervous system.

E) All of the answer choices are correct.

53) Vision is controlled by the ________ lobe of the brain.

A) parietal

B) frontal

C) temporal

D) occipital

E) medulla

54) If a person is paralyzed, there has been damage to the ________ neurons.

A) sensory

B) motor

C) afferent

D) association

E) interneurons