Ch21 Exam Prep Poisonous and Allergy Plants

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 21 Poisonous and Allergy Plants

1) Joe the bartender first felt his feet become paralyzed, then his legs beneath the knee, followed by his legs above the knee. The paralysis continued moving up his body and in a very short time, paralysis of his diaphragm caused respiratory failure and his death. What poison likely killed Joe the bartender?

A) hemlock

B) curare

C) milkweed juice

D) strychnine

E) usnic acid

2) Destiny the dentist suddenly felt all her muscles relax at the same time. She could not talk and found swallowing difficult. She eventually died from asphyxiation. What poison likely killed Destiny the dentist?

A) hemlock

B) curare

C) milkweed juice

D) strychnine

E) usnic acid

3) Manuel the software developer suddenly saw a big flash of light and started having violent convulsions. Twenty-four hours later, he was dead. What poison likely killed Manuel the software developer?

A) hemlock

B) curare

C) milkweed juice

D) strychnine

E) usnic acid

4) All of the plants below are correctly paired with the toxic compound they produce except one. Choose the exception.

A) Strychnos toxifera :: curare

B) Conicum maculatum :: cicutoxin

C) Asclepius spp. :: galitoxin

D) Nerium oleander :: nerioside

E) Sophora secundiflora :: cytisine

5) How does curare have its effect?

A) It overstimulates the central nervous system.

B) It blocks neurotransmitter receptors in the motor cortex of the brain.

C) It blocks nerve impulses to muscles.

D) It inhibits the heart pacemaker causing the heart to stop beating.

E) It causes the lysing of ribosome thus stopping protein synthesis.

6) Which of the following statements is not correct about usnic acid?

A) It is a secondary product found in species of Asclepias.

B) It is antiviral and antibacterial.

C) It blocks the production of carotenoids.

D) It has been used as a weight-loss supplement.

E) It has been responsible for killing wild elk.

7) Allelopathy in desert environments probably evolved in response to which of the following?

A) pollinator competition

B) discouraging herbivory

C) fruit dispersal

D) competition for resources, especially water.

E) foraging by indigenous peoples

8) This plant produces a cloud of allelopathic compounds that is washed into the soil by rain and is a powerful inhibitor of plants that would grow close by. This plant is classified as which of the following?

A) Artemesia californica.

B) Callistemon citrinus.

C) Encella farinose.

D) Salvia leucophylla.

E) More than one of the above are correct.

9) Which of the following is an allelopathic compound that was used to develop a natural herbicide?

A) juglone

B) leptospermone

C) cineole

D) tyrosine

E) guayule

10) Grayanotoxins are found in which of the following plants?

A) oleander

B) yews

C) rhododendrons

D) castor beans

E) lily-of-the-valley

11) Several days after a meal of bean soup, Lenora the blacksmith started vomiting and had diarrhea. She felt like her mouth and throat were on fire. Later, she started bleeding from her eyes and coughing up blood. She eventually died from kidney failure. What poison killed Lenora the blacksmith?

A) ricin

B) saponin

C) cytisine

D) andromedotoxin

E) neroside

12) What part of the ricin molecule is the toxin?

A) the disulfide bond

B) the polypeptide A chain

C) the polypeptide B chain

D) the vesicle that surrounds it

E) None of the above is correct.

13) Gunther consumed some red seeds and had hallucinations of what he thought might be his future. After eating some more red seeds, Gunther's respiratory muscles became paralyzed and he died from asphyxiation. From what plant were the seeds that Gunther consumed?

A) Ambrosia trifida

B) Cynodon dactylis

C) Sophora secundiflora

D) Conium maculatum

E) None of the above is correct.

14) Which of the following compounds blocks the breakdown of lactic acid and leads to acidosis?

A) galitoxin

B) tremetol

C) urushiol

D) cytisine

E) nerioside

15) How does ricin stop protein synthesis?

A) It hardens cell membranes making it impossible for amino acids to enter the cell.

B) It pokes holes in the rough endoplasmic reticula.

C) It destroys ribosomes by lysing them.

D) It prevents Golgi apparatus vesicles from forming.

E) Ricin does all of the above.

16) All of the toxins below are correctly paired with the physiological effects they cause except one. Choose the exception.

A) coniine — paralysis begins in lower limbs and moves upward eventually paralyzing the diaphragm

B) cytisine — hallucinations followed by paralysis of respiratory muscles

C) tremetol — acidosis and lethargy

D) saponins — rapid and acute muscle paralysis

E) All of the above matches are correct.

17) Which of the following statement(s) is(are) correct?

A) Plants produce nearly 400,000 known secondary compounds.

B) High concentrations of tannins attract insects to oak trees.

C) Cyanogens are not toxic and do not affect the hormonal balance and life cycles of insects.

D) Rotenone is derived from Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium.

E) All of the above are incorrect statements.

18) Which of the following botanical insecticides is effective against garden and host pests but also highly toxic to fish?

A) rotenone

B) neem oil

C) pyrethrum

D) nicotine

E) cardiac glycosides

19) What is the function of B-lymphocytes?

A) They bind directly to antigens

B) They produce antibodies

C) They produce antigens

D) They release histamine

E) B-lymphocytes have all of these functions

20) Which of the following antibodies is involved in the allergic reaction?

A) IgA

B) IgD

C) IgE

D) IgG

E) IgM

21) Which of the following compounds is responsible for the symptoms of an allergic response?

A) histamine

B) usnic acid

C) cytisine

D) glutamine

E) More than one of these compounds is responsible for the symptoms of an allergic response.

22) A foreign substance that triggers an immune response is classified as which of the following?

A) antibody

B) antigen

C) lymphocytes

D) immunoglobulin

E) basophil

23) Hay fever is more properly called which of the following?

A) contact dermatitis

B) allergic dermatitis

C) allergic rhinitis

D) allergic asthma

E) contact rhinitis

24) Which of the following statements is not correct about asthma?

A) An asthma attack can be triggered by exercise.

B) One sign of asthma is excess mucus secretion.

C) Hay fever can lead to asthma.

D) The incidence of asthma has increased in recent years.

E) The incidence of asthma has sharply declined in recent years.

25) The allergens in pollen are classified as which of the following?

A) glycoproteins.

B) lipoproteins.

C) immunoglobulins.

D) lymphocytes

E) glycosides.

26) Which of the following is correct about the immune system?

A) The basis of the immune system is the ability to distinguish between "self" and "nonself" molecules.

B) When foreign substances are detected by the immune system, antibodies are often produced.

C) The IgE class of antibodies is involved in allergic reactions.

D) Lymphocytes produce IgE antibodies that are attached to the surface of basophils and mast cells.

E) All of the above are correct.

27) Most hay fever in late summer and early fall is caused by pollen from the plant species ________.

A) Juniperus ashei

B) Ambrosia artemisiifolia

C) Cynodon dactylis

D) Toxicodendron radicans

E) Encella farinosa

28) The leading cause of "hay fever" in early summer are commonly which of the following?

A) molds

B) angiosperm trees

C) grasses

D) weeds

E) conifers

29) The study of periodic plant life cycle events is called ________.

A) phrenology

B) etiology

C) genealogy

D) phenology

E) philology

30) Amal published a scientific paper on flowering cycles of Quercus garryana. Amal would be a(n)________.

A) etiologist

B) phenologist

C) pathologist

D) philologist

E) phrenologist

31) Studies of honeysuckle flowering over the last several decades show which of the following?

A) Flowering is occurring earlier in spring with each decade.

B) The number of flowers being produced has decreased dramatically.

C) Flowers have become progressively smaller.

D) Flowering is occurring for shorter periods of time in the spring.

E) All of these events are occurring.

32) As CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere continue to increase, which of the following will be the probable effect?

A) increased plant biomass worldwide

B) increased incidence of hay fever

C) increased incidence of asthma

D) increase in the size and toxicity of poison ivy

E) All of the above will likely happen.

33) Poison oak currently does not have a natural distribution in which of the following areas?

A) California

B) Oregon

C) Arizona

D) Washington

E) Michigan

34) Which of the following is an allergen that causes contact dermatitis?

A) usnic acid

B) glochid

C) urushiol

D) histamine

E) pyrethrum

35) Which of the following is a food not known to be allergenic?

A) allspice

B) brazil nut

C) chocolate

D) garlic

E) apples

36) Which of the following is correct about ragweed?

A) It is an alien species to North America.

B) There are only annual species.

C) Ambrosia trifida is a short species under a foot in height.

D) The pollen wall proteins are responsible for triggering the IgE-mediated response.

E) Ragweed has not reached Europe as of this time.

37) A plant that produces non-allergenic latex that may be a viable replacement for the natural latex currently in use is which of the following?

A) Hevea brasillensis

B) Parthenium argentatum

C) Veratrum californicum

D) Euphorbia marginata

E) Salvia leucophylla

38) Allergic reactions to latex products include which of the following?

A) allergic rhinitis

B) conjunctivitis

C) asthma

D) anaphylaxis

E) All of the above may be allergic reactions to latex.

39) A rare and sometimes fatal allergic reaction characterized by a rapid drop in blood pressure and cardiovascular collapse is known as which of the following?

A) analgesia

B) hives

C) anaphylaxis

D) eczema

E) rhinitis

40) The Monarch butterfly stores cardiac glycosides obtained when the caterpillar feeds on what poisonous plant?

A) poison hemlock

B) oleander

C) St. John's wort

D) milkweed

E) ragweed

41) Which botanical insecticide is made from the dried and ground-up flowers of Chrysanthemum?

A) rotenone

B) neem oil

C) pyrethrum

D) nicotine

E) All of the above are correct.

42) Toxicodendron radicans is a member of which plant family?

A) Ulmaceae

B) Anacardiaceae

C) Aesclepiadaceae

D) Poaceae

E) Asteraceae

43) ________ belong to a family of common houseplants that are poisonous because of the presence of calcium oxalate crystals which will inflame the tongue and throat if eaten.

44) ________ is an arrow poison that has found to have medical value as a muscle relaxant during surgery.

45) The drink from the juice of ________ ________ was the method of capital punishment in ancient Athens.

46) ________ ________ is a case of human poisoning caused by drinking the milk of cows who have grazed on white snakeroot.

47) The leaves and stems of the ________ ________ are covered with hypodermic-like hairs that, when brushed against, inject irritating compounds into the skin.

48) ________ is a natural insecticide from the roots of several tropical legumes that was originally used by indigenous peoples in South America to stun fish and make their capture easier.

49) ________ is a type of interaction between plants in which chemicals are released into the environment that inhibit the growth and development of competing plants.

50) Sneezing, runny nose, and itchy eyes are typical symptoms of hay fever, which is technically called ________ ________.

51) ________ is unique in its action on the body in the way it amplifies sensitivity of sight, touch, smell, and hearing.

52) ________ are plant compounds that make the skin more susceptible to ultraviolet radiation, often inducing a blistery sunburn.

53) "Hayfever" can only be caused by airborne pollen grains from species of Ambrosia.

54) Antibodies are produced by basophils.

55) The genus Ambrosia contains numerous species of plants commonly called ragweed.

56) Medications that can control the symptoms of respiratory allergies are called antihistamines.

57) Increased use of gloves for protection in medical and dental practice has increased the incidence of latex allergy.

58) Strychnine said to be the deadliest natural poison, is a toxic protein found in the mottled seeds of the common castor bean.

59) Usnic acid is a naturally occurring compound found in lichen species used in cosmetics, deodorants, toothpaste and medicinal creams.

60) The use of products made from a desert shrub called snake root is being suggested as a substitute for natural rubber to eliminate allergic reactions.