Test Bank The Algae Ch.22 8th Edition

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 22 The Algae

1) In which of the following way(s) does (do) the algae differ from land plants?

A) Algae do not have cell walls.

B) Some algae do not have chlorophyll a.

C) Some algae are not photosynthetic.

D) Algae are not embryophytes.

E) All of these are ways in which algae differ from land plants.

2) Which of the following statements is(are) correct about the algae?

A) They are a diverse group of photosynthetic organisms.

B) They range in size from microscopic single cells to giant, complex, multicellular organisms.

C) They occupy the base of food chains in both freshwater and marine ecosystems.

D) They have been used as food for humans throughout the world.

E) All of the above are correct.

3) The ancestors of this organism first appeared in the fossil record about 3.5 billion years ago and has phycobillin accessory pigments.

A) dinoflagellate

B) euglena

C) cyanobacterium

D) diatom

E) green alga

4) The most common thallus types include which of the following?

A) Nonmotile, amoeboid, or flagellated

B) Colonies that may be nonmotile or flagellated

C) Chains or filaments that may be branched or unbranched

D) Parenchymatous thalli that produce a three-dimensional structure in the form of blades, sheets, or tubes

E) All of the above are varieties of thalli that appear in the algae.

5) A heterocyst is a cell specialized for which of the following functions?

A) photosynthesis

B) nitrogen fixation

C) sexual reproduction

D) cellular respiration

E) external digestion

6) You discover a flagellated single-celled organism living in a freshwater pond. It has a greenish color, a pellicle, a short flagellum and a long flagellum, and a large red eye spot. You have likely discovered which of the following?

A) dinoflagellate

B) Euglena

C) cyanobacterium

D) diatom

E) green alga

7) You discover a single-celled organism living in a tide pool encased within a glassy wall-like shell. It has a centric shape. You have likely discovered which of the following?

A) dinoflagellate

B) euglena

C) cyanobacterium

D) diatom

E) green alga

8) The Kingdom Protista is probably polyphyletic. Which of the following protist groups is not correctly matched?

A) Dinophyta :: dinoflagellates

B) Bacillariophyta :: diatoms

C) Phaeophyta :: brown algae

D) Chlorophyta :: blue green bacteria

E) Rhodophyta :: red algae

9) You discover a single-celled organism living in a freshwater pond. It is covered in cellulose plates and has two flagella. You have likely discovered which of the following?

A) dinoflagellate

B) Euglena

C) cyanobacterium

D) diatom

E) Nostoc

10) Many cyanobacteria are enclosed in a ________ sheath.

A) mucilaginous

B) filamentous

C) cartilaginous

D) chitinized

E) keratinized

11) When does sexual reproduction occur in diatoms?

A) when ocean temperatures fall below 4°C

B) after zoospores hibernate for several months

C) after one of the frustule halves reaches a certain size

D) after a diatom passes through the gut of an anemone

E) None of the above are correct.

12) All of the following correctly pair up an organism with a unique structure or compound it possesses except one. Choose the exception.

A) cyanobacteria :: heterocysts

B) diatoms :: frustule

C) red algae :: phycobillins

D) brown algae :: alginic acid

E) green algae :: conceptacles

13) From which of the following did land plants evolve?

A) Rhodophytes

B) Dinophytes

C) Chlorophytes

D) Phaeophytes

E) Euglenophytes

14) Their high production of ________ make microalgae valuable for the production of biofuel.

A) monosaccharides

B) triglycerides

C) polysaccharides

D) waxes

E) proteins

15) Diatoms, in the division Bacillariophyta, are mainly unicells surrounded by a silicon-based wall consisting of two halves, called a(n) ________.

A) oogonium

B) ephyra

C) radula

D) fructification

E) None of the above are correct.

16) In the life cycle of a green alga, syngamy occurs between which of the following?

A) zoospores

B) sporangia

C) gametes

D) zygotes

E) gametophytes

17) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Sexual reproduction of diatoms is through cell division.

B) Diatoms are common in tropical oceans but rare in cold oceans.

C) Brown algae include only the kelps.

D) The Phaeophyta are the least complex of all the algae.

E) In Fucus, the swollen areas at the ends of the blade are reproductive structures called receptacles.

18) Ulva is both ________ and ________.

A) isogamous; heteromorphic

B) anisogamous; heteromorphic

C) anisogamous; isomorphic

D) isogamous; isomorphic

E) oogamous; isomorphic

19) In the life cycle of a green alga, meiosis specifically occurs in the ________.

A) gametophyte

B) sporangia

C) gametangia

D) sporophyte

E) zygote

20) Based on genetic studies, the living genus of algae that most closely resembles the evolutionary ancestor of land plants is which of the following?

A) Chlamydomonas

B) Coleochaete

C) Microcladia

D) Fucus

E) Laminaria

21) Which of the following statements is not correct?

A) The green algae are characterized by the presence of chlorophyll a and b.

B) Various charophyte species show biochemical and ultrastructural features that are shared with land plant but not with chlorophytes.

C) Green algae are classified in two divisions: Chlorophyta and Charophyta.

D) Genetic analysis from DNA sequences supports the hypothesis that the charophytes are the closest living relatives of land plants.

E) All of the above are correct.

22) The red color of red algae is due to which of the following?

A) phycoerythrin

B) chlorophyll c

C) fucoxanthin

D) carotene

E) xanthophyll

23) In the life cycle of brown algae, meiosis specifically occurs in which of the following?

A) oogonia

B) antheridia

C) the female thallus

D) the male thallus

E) More than one of the above are correct.

24) What is found in land plants that is lacking in Fucus?

A) the pigment, chlorophyll

B) multicellularity

C) cellular nuclei

D) a true alternation of generations

E) More than one of the above are correct.

25) Which of the following statements is correct?

A) The green algae are most abundant and diverse in the oceans.

B) Many species of green algae are used as food.

C) Sea lettuce (Ulva spp) is toxic until cooked.

D) Zoospores are the products of meiosis.

E) The Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic, unlike other true algae, which are eukaryotic.

26) Which of the following substances has been shown to block the replication of rhinoviruses?

A) agar

B) alginic acid

C) carrageenan

D) cellulose

E) phycobillins

27) All of the following are genera being studied for the purpose of biofuel production except one. Choose the exception.

A) Spirogyra

B) Chlamydomonas

C) Chlorella

D) Anabaena

E) Dunaliella

28) Which of the following matches is not correct?

A) Kombu :: Laminaria japonica

B) Dulse :: Rhodymenia and Palmaria

C) Nori :: fertilizer

D) Hydrocolloids :: agar and carrageenan

E) None of the above are incorrect.

29) Which of the following is not a hydrocolloid?

A) agar

B) alginic acid

C) carrageenan

D) cellulose

E) More than one of these are not a hydrocolloid

30) How do red algae differ from green and brown algae?

A) They contain no form of chlorophyll.

B) They have a multicellular thallus.

C) Their gametes are not flagellated.

D) Their environments are mainly marine.

E) All of these are ways in which red algae differ from green and brown algae.

31) Porphrya is also known as which of the following?

A) kombu.

B) wakame.

C) dulse.

D) nori.

E) More than one of the above are correct.

32) Which of the following high-protein "alga" was cultivated by the Aztecs and is a traditional food in Chad?

A) Spirulina

B) Nostoc

C) Chlamydomonas

D) Undaria

E) Laminaria

33) Which of the following is a common component of ice cream and toothpaste?

A) agar

B) alginic acid

C) carrageenan

D) cellulose

E) More than one of the above is a common component of ice cream and toothpaste.

34) Compounds isolated from Amphidinium have shown promise as which of the following?

A) biofuels

B) cancer-fighting agents

C) a treatment for AIDS

D) a stabilizing agent in a variety of foods

E) being useful in all of these applications

35) One of the most toxic cyanobacteria is which of the following?

A) Nostoc

B) Azolla

C) Anabaena

D) Oscillatoria

E) Gleobacter

36) How do toxins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa cause damage?

A) by interfering with protein synthesis

B) by breaking down the cytoskeleton

C) by disrupting mitosis

D) by poking holes in the nuclear membrane

E) by doing all of the above

37) What organ is affected by the toxins produced by Microcystis aeruginosa?

A) liver

B) stomach

C) pancreas

D) heart

E) small intestine

38) Anatoxin-a is used in research on which of the following?

A) Alzheimer's disease

B) Polio myelitis

C) GERD

D) Equine encephalitis

E) Zika

39) Brevetoxins cause ________ in humans.

A) diarrhea

B) paralysis

C) nerve damage

D) respiratory illness

E) all of these ailments

40) This dinoflagellate species is stimulated to producing toxins after consuming fish feces. The skin of fish affected by the toxin is destroyed and the affected fish die within hours after exposure to the toxin. This dinoflagellate species is classified as which one of the following species?

A) Codium fragile

B) Karenia brevis

C) Pfiesteria piscicida

D) Grateloupia turuturu

E) Anas platyrhyncus

41) Which of the following is not correct?

A) It has been difficult to secure adequate amounts of active algal compounds for screening and testing.

B) Amphidinium produces a class of molecules known as amphidinolides.

C) Some compounds from various types of algae show a range of activity against herpes and HIV viruses.

D) Fucoidan is being used to treat chemical addiction in humans.

E) Microcystins may cause liver failure.

42) Which of the following is not a contributing factor to the success of Caulerpa taxifolia?

A) tolerance of broad range of temperatures

B) an elaborate sexual reproduction strategy

C) rapid growth rate

D) its inedibility

E) All of these are contributing factors to the success of Caulerpa taxifolia.

43) How is Caulerpa taxifolia and other siphonous algae different from typical green algae?

A) They do not use chlorophyll a and b as photosynthetic pigments.

B) They do not have a thallus.

C) They have both zoospores and gametes in its life cycle.

D) They are heteromorphic and heterotrophic.

E) They are coenocytic and have a stolon.

44) The unicellular algae that cause "red tides" belong to the Division ________.

A) Rhodophyta

B) Bacillariophyta

C) Chlorophyta

D) Dinophyta

E) Phaeophyta

45) Instead of a rigid cell wall, a proteinaceous pellicle occurs on organisms in the Division ________.

A) Dinophyta

B) Euglenophyta

C) Chlorophyta

D) Bacillariophyta

E) Rhodophyta

46) Ciguatera poisoning is due to activities of which of the following?

A) green algae

B) diatoms

C) dinoflagellates

D) brown algae

E) euglena

47) Algal blooms may affect which of the following?

A) Drinking water

B) Fish consumption

C) "shellfish" consumption

D) Aquatic bird reproduction

E) All of the above can be affected by algal blooms.

48) Which of the following is a neurotoxin produced by members of the Cyanobacteria?

A) hepatotoxin

B) ciguatoxin

C) mycotoxin

D) anatoxin-a

E) digitalin

49) Algal blooms are triggered by which of the following?

A) rapid temperature change

B) increasing salinity

C) decreases in oxygen

D) nutrient enrichment

E) increases in carbon dioxide

50) Which group of algae can be differentiated into a holdfast, stipe, and blade?

A) cyanobacteria

B) brown algae

C) dinoflagellates

D) green algae

E) red algae

51) The unicellular algae that cause "Red Tides" are known as ________.

52) In Fucus, the swollen areas at the ends of the blade are reproductive regions known as ________.

53) The body of an alga is termed the ________.

54) Diatoms with bilateral symmetry are known as ________ diatoms.

55) Agar and carrageenan are examples of chemicals called ________ which are used as emulsifiers, stabilizers, and gelling agents.

56) ________ ________ can be used as soil additive since it can act like a field of broken glass to discourage some microscopic garden pests.

57) ________ ________ is a product derived from the brown algae that imparts a smooth texture in both foods like icings and puddings and in industrial products like paints and hand lotions.

58) ________ have virtually indestructible shells of glass which have been used industrially for their polishing, filtering, and reflective properties.

59) Agar is derived from ________ ________ and is used as a growth medium for microorganisms.

60) Unlike land plants, algae lack true tissue differentiation.

61) The thallus or body of an alga can vary considerably from one-celled to many celled.

62) The dinoflagellates appeared on earth 3.5 billion years ago.

63) Reproduction is diverse among the various groups of algae; however, there is true retention of the embryo in any group.

64) In some cases, the diploid stage is only seen in the zygote.

65) Molecular evidence indicates that the algae are polyphyletic and represent several independent evolutionary lines.

66) Currently the "algae" are classified in two domains and at least six separate kingdoms.

67) Dinoflagellates only occur in marine environments.

68) The glass-like cell wall of diatoms is called a frustule.

69) The euglenoids are capable of producing an extremely powerful nerve toxin and are responsible for the phenomenon known as the Red Tide.

70) Spirulina, now a dietary protein supplement, was first grown in shallow ponds by the Aztecs.

71) Chlorophyll a and b occur in all divisions of algae but not the Cyanobacteria.

72) The genus Pfiesteria in the Division Chlorophyta is capable of forming toxic metabolites.

73) Dinoflagellates cause ciguatera poisoning, a type of food poisoning with bizarre neurological symptoms.

74) Invasive species usually have low reproductive rates.

75) Depletion of oxygen by algal blooms can actually cause the "death" of an entire ecosystem.

76) Siphonous algae have a tubular organization with no internal walls.

77) In biological control, a synthetic toxin is introduced to control the spread of an invasive species.

78) The Chlorophyta and Charophyta are part of the Kingdom Protista.