Levetin Ch.19 Test Bank Docx Medicinal Plants

Plants and Society, 8e (Levetin)

Chapter 19 Medicinal Plants

1) The earliest known medical document prescribed ________ for pain relief.

A) mandrake

B) willow bark

C) silphium

D) bloodwort

E) nightshade

2) Which of the following is not correct?

A) The earliest known medical document is 30,000 years old.

B) Ancient China is also a source of information about the early medicinal uses of plants.

C) The Badianus Manuscript is an illustrated document reporting the extensive traditional medical knowledge of the Aztecs.

D) The herbal medicine of ancient Greece upon which the foundations of Western medicine were established.

E) All of the above are correct.

3) Which of the following is not a correct association?

A) Silphium :: an effective contraceptive used by Greek and Roman women.

B) Dioscorides's work :: the standard medical reference in Europe for 1,500 years.

C) Martinus de la Cruz :: created the Badianus Manuscript of Aztec medicine.

D) Doctrine of Signatures :: recognized distinct "signatures" visible on plants that corresponded to human anatomy.

E) Herbalism :: Well developed by Europeans, not by Native Americans.

4) Beginning in the first century A.D. and for 1500 years after, the standard medical herbal text was

A) The Complete Herbal.

B) De Materia Medica.

C) The Herball.

D) Canon of Medicine.

E) Theatrum Botanicum.

5) Which of the following is an example of the Doctrine of Signatures?

A) A cure for watery, runny eyes is an eyewash made from onion.

B) A hyper-diluted solution of snake venom can treat the effects of a snake bite.

C) Liverworts, which look like human livers, can treat psoriasis of the liver.

D) To diagnose an illness, examine the liver of a sacrificed sheep.

E) To heal a wound from a sword, apply a poultice to the sword that made the wound.

6) Certain Native American tribes used ________ to treat allergies and to perform ritual purifications.

A) Hydrastis canadensis

B) Hamamelis virginiana

C) Echinacea purpurea

D) Juniperus virginiana

E) Sanguinaria Canadensis

7) All of the following pairs of terms are matched correctly except one. Choose the exception.

A) Coneflower :: antidote for snakebites and cold remedy

B) Witch hazel :: smoked as a remedy for headaches

C) Bloodroot :: remedy for bronchitis and rheumatism

D) Golden seal :: treatment for wounds and eye inflammations

E) All of the above are matched correctly.

8) Echinacea purpurea, often found in cough drops, was shown to be effective in which of the following?

A) reduction of the severity and duration of colds in children

B) prevention of evolution of the influenza virus

C) reduction in the symptoms of arthritis and fibromyalgia

D) lessen the symptoms of flu and colds in adults

E) reduces the symptoms of bipolar syndrome

9) The blending of traditional herbal medicine and modern medicine is most prominent in ________ culture.

A) Chinese

B) Indian

C) Native American

D) Sub-Saharan African

E) Egyptian

10) Which of the following families is not among those with significant amounts of alkaloids?

A) Solanaceae

B) Rosaceae

C) Fabaceae

D) Rubiaceae

E) Ulmaceae

11) Which of the following is not a correct statement about alkaloids?

A) They all contain nitrogen.

B) They are usually basic.

C) Amygdalin is an alkaloid.

D) Their major effect is on the nervous system.

E) Some alkaloids are poisonous.

12) Which of the following is not a correct statement about glycosides?

A) A sugar molecule is a part of their structure.

B) Some glycosides are used in the production of sex hormones.

C) Cyanide is the breakdown product of some glycosides.

D) Coffee contains toxic glycosides.

E) Some glycosides affect the cardiovascular system.

13) William Withering successfully treated "dropsy" (now known as caused by congestive heart failure) patients with leaves from which of the following?

A) Digitalis purpurea

B) Echinacea purpurea

C) Salix alba

D) Hydrastis canadensis

E) Artemisia annua

14) Which of the following is a correct statement about digitalis?

A) It is extracted from an herbaceous perennial.

B) The plant from which it is extracted is in the carnation family.

C) It is a cardioactive glycoside.

D) Its effect is to speed up the heart.

E) More than one of these statements are correct about digitalis.

15) Which of the following is not a true statement about digitalis?

A) It increases the strength of each heartbeat.

B) It reduces urinary output from the kidneys.

C) A therapeutic dose in one patient could be toxic in another.

D) Arrhythmia can result from a toxic dose.

E) It is a diuretic.

16) Which of the following statements is(are) correct?

A) Over 75 percent of the rural population of the world relies on herbal medicine as their only health care.

B) The People's Republic of China is the leading country for incorporating traditional herbal medicine into a modern health care system.

C) As younger members of a tribe are drawn into modern cultures, the knowledge of herbal medicines is slowly lost.

D) The Terra Nova Forest Reserve in Belize is a 6,000 acre sanctuary dedicated to the survival of medicinal plants.

E) All of the above are correct.

17) Which of the following is an effect of acetylsalicylic acid?

A) It relieves the symptoms of malaria.

B) It is useful in treating edema.

C) It can be used to treat liver damage.

D) It is effective in curing common headaches.

E) All of these are effects of salicylic acid.

18) All of the following medicinal plants are matched correctly with the disease or condition they are used to treat except one. Choose the exception.

A) Cantharanthus roseus :: acute childhood leukemia

B) Serenoa repens :: benign prostate enlargement

C) Sanguinaria canadensis :: bronchitis

D) Cinchona officinalis :: malaria

E) Rauwolfia serpentine :: ovarian cancer

19) Aspirin has all of the following properties except which one of the following?

A) antimalarial properties

B) anti-inflammatory properties

C) analgesic properties

D) antipyretic properties

E) anti-clotting properties

20) Glycosides are categorized by the nature of the non-sugar or active components. What are the correct types listed below?

A) Cyanogenic glycosides

B) Cardioactive glycosides

C) Saponins

D) All of the above are correct.

E) None of the above are correct.

21) Daily use of aspirin may reduce the occurrence of which of the following?

A) malaria

B) heart attacks

C) schizophrenia

D) asthma

E) all of these

22) Daily use of aspirin has been shown to reduce the occurrence of which of the following?

A) strokes

B) cataracts

C) blood clots

D) pathogen attacks in plants

E) All of these may be correct.

23) Which of the following compounds suppresses the activity of prostaglandins?

A) quinine

B) reserpine

C) acetylsalicylic acid

D) saponins

E) vincristine

24) What effect do prostaglandins have on the stomach lining?

A) Promote the secretion of mucus and the overproduction of stomach acid.

B) Enhance the production of hydrochloric acid.

C) Promote the absorption of aspirin by the stomach lining.

D) Increase stomach muscle contractions.

E) Prostaglandins do all of the above, depending on their location.

25) Reye's syndrome is related to patients taking aspirin after having contracted which of the following?

A) chicken pox

B) malaria

C) ovarian cancer

D) edema

E) schizophrenia

26) The release of ________ turns on systemic acquired resistance to pathogens in plants.

A) reserpine

B) vinblastine

C) salicylic acid

D) taxol

E) camptothecin

27) All of the following compounds are matched correctly with the condition they are used to treat except one. Choose the exception.

A) taxol :: ovarian cancer

B) vincristine :: Hodgkin's disease

C) ephedrine :: asthma

D) artemisinin :: malaria

E) All of the above are correctly matched.

28) Plasmodium merozoites leaving the liver multiply in which of the following locations?

A) liver

B) lymph nodes

C) white blood cells

D) red blood cells

E) endothelial cells

29) Plasmodium gametocytes form in which of the following?

A) liver

B) lymph nodes

C) lungs

D) red blood cells

E) endothelial cells

30) Quinine directly kills Plasmodium in which stage of its life cycle?

A) merozoites

B) sporozoites

C) gametocytes

D) merozoites and sporozoites

E) sporozoites and gametocytes

31) Of the many species of Plasmodium, which of the following are responsible for the majority of malarial deaths in humans?

A) P. vivax

B) P. ovale

C) P. falciparum

D) P. malariae

E) None of the above is correct.

32) To treat a burn, you can use the cut leaves of which of the following?

A) Echinacea purpurea

B) Ephedra sinica

C) Aloe vera

D) Rauwolfia serpentina

E) More than one of these plants can be used to treat a burn.

33) Compounds obtained from this plant has been used to make methamphetamine.

A) Echinacea purpurea

B) Ephedra sinica

C) Catharanthus roseus

D) Taxus brevifolia

E) Hypericum perforatum

34) Which of the following is not correct?

A) Vinblastine and vincristine are compounds from Vinca that are successful treatments for various forms of leukemia and lymphoma.

B) Taxol, a terpene obtained from the bark of the Pacific yew, is a known poisonous plant that has antitumor properties in the treatment of ovarian, lung, head, and neck cancers.

C) Compounds from Camptotheca acuminata have confirmed anticancer properties.

D) St John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) may work against depression by elevating specific mood-enhancing neurotransmitters such as serotonin.

E) All of the above are correct.

35) For which of these plants has their treatment effectiveness been called into question because of recent research?

A) St. John's Wort

B) purple coneflower

C) Ginkgo biloba

D) saw palmetto

E) All of the above are correct.

36) Which of the following medicinal plant extracts is a glycoside?

A) quinine

B) digitalis

C) morphine

D) codeine

E) cocaine

37) The authoritative reference on medicinal plants for over 1500 years was De Materia Medica, written by whom?

A) Aristotle

B) Mendel

C) Pasteur

D) Dioscorides

E) Linnaeus

38) Seeds and pits of many members of the rose family contain which type of glycoside?

A) cyanogenic

B) cardioactive

C) purgative

D) saponin

E) None of the above are correct.

39) A text of plant descriptions, medical uses, and collection methods is known as a(n) ________.

40) Glycosides are characterized by a ________ group attached to the active component.

41) One major threat to traditional medicine in the tropical rain forest is ________.

42) All alkaloids contain nitrogen, have a basic pH, and a ________ taste.

43) Alkaloids generally affect physiology by acting on the ________ system.

44) Approximately ________ percent of all medicines used in the United States today are still plant based.

45) Ancient Greek and Roman women used a plant called silphium as a ________.

46) ________ is a plant that is the source of compounds that are effective decongestants as well as central nervous system stimulants.

47) Salicylic acid, which provided the basis for the development of aspirin, is believed to be a plant hormone that functions in ________.

48) Both cardioactive glycosides and saponins contain a ________ molecule as the active component.

49) Up to three million people die from various species of malaria-causing organisms each year.

50) Digitoxin has uses both as a treatment for glaucoma and as an antidote to the side effects of chemotherapy.

51) The connection between plants and health has a history of only a few hundred years.

52) Cyanogenic glycosides release cyanogen.

53) Two countries in which herbal medicine still plays an extensive role are China and India.

54) Ethnobotanists work with indigenous peoples to learn traditional medical practices and their plant sources.

55) Aloin is the poison used in blow darts and as an effective muscle relaxant during surgery.

56) The active principals in most medicinal plants are classified as secondary plant products.

57) Hippocrates' "De Materia Medica" was the standard medical textbook in the 1700s.

58) Saw palmetto inhibits alpha reductase, which converts testosterone into DHT.

59) Currently, several million heart patients rely on an extract of Digitalis purpurea to the treatment of various types of heart disease.

60) Even patients under a doctor's supervision can experience toxic side effects and must be monitored carefully to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias.