Ch17 – Kidney Function | Test Bank – 15th Edition - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 17 Physiology of the Kidneys
1) The main function of the kidneys is the regulation of the intracellular fluid.
Section: 17.01
Topic: General functions of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P01.01 Describe the major functions of the urinary system.
2) The actions of the kidney include regulation of ________.
A) blood plasma pH
B) blood plasma volume
C) blood plasma electrolyte concentration
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.01
Topic: General functions of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P01.01 Describe the major functions of the urinary system.
3) What structures carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder?
A) Ureters
B) Urethras
C) Calyces
D) Pyramids
Section: 17.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the urinary system; Urine storage and elimination
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.01b Identify, and describe the structure and location of, the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
4) Urine collects in the urinary bladder prior to entry into the urethra.
Section: 17.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the urinary system; Urine storage and elimination
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.01b Identify, and describe the structure and location of, the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
5) The renal pelvis receives urine from the ________.
A) minor calyces
B) ureters
C) renal pyramids
D) major calyces
Section: 17.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the urinary system; Urine storage and elimination
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.01d Identify the major internal divisions and structures of the renal tissue.; P02.05 Trace the path of filtrate/urine from the renal corpuscle to the urethral opening.
6) Damage to ________ would not impair micturition.
A) parasympathetic neurons from the lumbar region
B) sympathetic neurons from the sacral region
C) pudendal somatic motor neurons
D) the detrusor muscle
Section: 17.01
Topic: Innervation of the urinary bladder; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.
7) Shock-wave lithotripsy is used to treat ________.
A) polycystic kidney disease
B) glomerulonephritis
C) acute renal failure
D) renal calculi
Section: 17.01
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
8) Incontinence could develop as a result of ________.
A) pressure on the detrusor muscle
B) poor bladder compliance
C) damage to the external urethral sphincter
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.01
Topic: Innervation of the urinary bladder; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.; P08.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the urinary system that could disrupt homeostasis.
9) The process of urination is called ________.
A) deglutition
B) micturition
C) incontinence
D) glomerular filtration
Section: 17.01
Topic: Urine storage and elimination
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.02 Describe the micturition reflex.; P08.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the urinary system that could disrupt homeostasis.
10) The ________ is the functional unit of the kidney.
A) calyx
B) nephron
C) neuron
D) medulla
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03a Identify the major structures and subdivisions of the renal corpuscles, renal tubules and renal capillaries.
11) The ________ is a capillary network that produces a blood filtrate that enters the urinary tubules.
A) vasa recta
B) peritubular capillary
C) glomerulus
D) interlobar capillary
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03a Identify the major structures and subdivisions of the renal corpuscles, renal tubules and renal capillaries.
12) Which of the following is an autosomal dominant inherited condition in which progressive renal failure develops due to expanded portions of the renal tubule?
A) Glomerulonephritis
B) Renal calculus
C) Polycystic kidney disease
D) Pyelonephritis
Section: 17.01
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the urinary system that could disrupt homeostasis.
13) The ________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine.
A) juxtamedullary
B) cortical
C) pelvic
D) calical
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03b Compare and contrast cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
14) Which structure is an arteriole capillary bed drained by an arteriole instead of a venule?
A) Peritubular capillaries
B) Vasa recta
C) Glomerulus
D) Juxtaglomerular apparatus
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03c Compare and contrast the structure and function of glomerular and peritubular capillaries.
15) The efferent arteriole delivers blood to the ________.
A) peritubular capillaries
B) vasa recta
C) glomerulus
D) juxtaglomerular apparatus
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.02 Trace the path of blood through the kidney.
16) Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?
A) Distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule
B) Proximal convoluted tubule, Bowman's capsule, distal convoluted tubule, nephron loop
C) Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
D) Nephron loop, Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
Section: 17.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03a Identify the major structures and subdivisions of the renal corpuscles, renal tubules and renal capillaries.
17) The guarding reflex allows the urinary bladder to fill by ________.
A) inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation of the detrusor muscle
B) stimulating sympathetic nerves to the external urethral sphincter to contract
C) responding to stretch receptors in the bladder wall
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.01
Topic: Urine storage and elimination; Innervation of the urinary bladder
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.
18) Where is the micturition center?
A) S2–S4 of the spinal cord
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Urinary bladder
D) Pons
Section: 17.01
Topic: Urine storage and elimination; Innervation of the urinary bladder
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.
19) Which sphincter is under voluntary control?
A) Internal urethral sphincter
B) External urethral sphincter
Section: 17.01
Topic: Urine storage and elimination; Innervation of the urinary bladder
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.01b Identify, and describe the structure and location of, the ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.; P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.
20) The guarding reflex prevents voiding.
Section: 17.01
Topic: Urine storage and elimination; Innervation of the urinary bladder
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P06.03 Describe voluntary and involuntary neural control of micturition.
21) Which of the following is NOT a potential filtration barrier in the glomerular capsule?
A) Glomerular basement membrane
B) Capillary fenestrae
C) Parietal layer of the capsule
D) Slit diaphragm
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02a Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
22) Destruction or loss of the ________ could cause albumin levels in the urine to increase.
A) glomerular basement membrane
B) capillary fenestrae
C) parietal layer of the capsule
D) slit diaphragm
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02a Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
23) What type of cells form the third filtration barrier?
A) Podocytes
B) Ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells
C) Capillary simple squamous epithelial cells
D) Glomerulocytes
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02a Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
24) What is the order that filtrate must pass through to the glomerular capsule?
A) Podocytes of glomerular epithelium, glomerular basement membrane, capillary fenestrae
B) Capillary fenestrae, glomerular basement membrane, podocytes of visceral glomerular epithelium
C) Glomerular basement membrane, capillary fenestrae, podocytes of visceral glomerular epithelium
D) Capillary fenestrae, podocytes of visceral glomerular epithelium, glomerular basement membrane
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02a Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
25) What is the net filtration pressure of the glomerular capillaries?
A) 10 mm Hg inward
B) 15 mm Hg outward
C) 15 mm Hg inward
D) 10 mm Hg outward
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02b Explain the anatomical features that create high glomerular capillary blood pressure and explain why this blood pressure is significant for urine formation.
26) Which of the following is a layer of the renal corpuscle?
A) Glomerular visceral epithelium
B) Glomerular parietal epithelium
C) Glomerular endothelium
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02a Describe the structure of the filtration membrane.
27) The average glomerular filtration rate is equal to ________.
A) 180 L/day
B) 5.5 L/min
C) 100 mmHg/hour
D) 8 mg/hour
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
28) Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.
29) A patient with hypertension and poorly controlled diabetes complains of frequent urination. She does not take any medications yet for these conditions. What can explain her complaint?
A) Glomerular filtration rate decreases in response to excessive stretch of the glomerular capillaries in hypertension.
B) Sympathetic stimulation increases when blood pressure increases, which causes dilation of the afferent arterioles.
C) Blood glucose increases the osmotic pressure in the tubules, causing increased urine production.
D) Renal autoregulation prevents blood glucose from entering the filtrate, but the pressure in the glomerulus increases filtrate production.
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.
30) Increased sympathetic stimulation will cause ________.
A) vasoconstriction of afferent arterioles
B) increased GFR
C) increased urine production
D) decreased blood volume
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.; P04.02 Describe how each of the following functions in the extrinsic control of GFR: renin-angiotensin mechanism, natriuretic peptides, and sympathetic adrenergic activity.
31) Stimulation of the macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus would be stimulated if blood pressure decreased.
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03b Compare and contrast cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons.
32) ATP and adenosine from macula densa cells stimulate vasodilation of the afferent arteriole.
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03d Identify the location, structures and cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.; P04.01b Describe the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
33) The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called as renal ________.
A) plasma threshold
B) transport maximum
C) plasma clearance
D) autoregulation
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.; P04.01b Describe the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
34) Hypotension would induce ________ afferent arterioles.
A) vasoconstriction of
B) vasodilation of
C) no change in
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.
35) The sensor in tubuloglomerular feedback is a group of cells called the ________.
A) macula densa
B) glomerulus
C) vasa recta
D) macula lutea
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.03d Identify the location, structures and cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
36) Glomerular filtration would be decreased by ________.
A) increased plasma protein concentration
B) increased glomerular filtrate protein concentration
C) decreased glomerular hydrostatic pressure
D) increased mean arterial pressure
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.
37) Through renal autoregulation, an increase in blood pressure will cause the afferent arteriole to ________ and therefore the GFR will ________.
A) dilate; not change
B) dilate; decrease
C) constrict; decrease
D) constrict; not change
Section: 17.02
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02e Predict specific factors that will increase or decrease GFR.; P04.01b Describe the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatus.
38) Under conditions of severe dehydration approximately 99.2% of the glomerular ultrafiltrate volume is reabsorbed.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system; Clinical applications of fluid balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03g State the percent of filtrate that is normally reabsorbed and explain why the process of reabsorption is so important.
39) The minimum urine volume needed to excrete metabolic wastes produced by the body is referred to as ________.
A) renal plasma threshold
B) renal autoregulation
C) obligatory water loss
D) renal transport minimum
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03g State the percent of filtrate that is normally reabsorbed and explain why the process of reabsorption is so important.
40) The return of molecules from the nephron tubules to the blood is called as ________.
A) reabsorption
B) secretion
C) filtration
D) autoregulation
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.01 List the three major processes in urine formation and where each occurs in the nephron and collecting system.
41) The majority of reabsorption occurs in the ________.
A) collecting duct
B) distal convoluted tubule
C) nephron loop
D) proximal convoluted tubule
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.01 List the three major processes in urine formation and where each occurs in the nephron and collecting system.
42) The obligatory water loss needed to excrete metabolic wastes is ________ per day.
A) 300 mL
B) 400 mL
C) 600 mL
D) 800 mL
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03g State the percent of filtrate that is normally reabsorbed and explain why the process of reabsorption is so important.
43) The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs approximately 65% of water and ions that enter it.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03d Describe how and where water, organic compounds, and ions are reabsorbed in the nephron.
44) The ________ surface of the simple cuboidal epithelia in the proximal convoluted tubule contains microvilli.
A) lateral
B) basal
C) basolateral
D) apical
Section: 17.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.04a Describe the histological structure of the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct.
45) Na+ reabsorption is a(n) ________ process, while Cl- reabsorption is a(n) ________ process.
A) active; active
B) active; passive
C) passive; passive
D) passive; active
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03c Compare and contrast passive and active tubular reabsorption.; P03.05 Compare and contrast reabsorption and tubular secretion, with respect to direction of solute movement, strength of concentration gradients, and energy required.
46) What creates a Na+ concentration gradient in the proximal convoluted tubule?
A) Na+/K+ pump
B) Diffusion of Na+
C) Osmosis of water
D) Diffusion of Cl-
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03b List the different membrane proteins of the nephron, including aquaporins, channels, transporters, and ATPase pumps.
47) Na+ moves by ________ from the filtrate into the epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubule.
A) active transport
B) Na+/K+ pump
C) diffusion
D) pinocytosis
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03a List specific transport mechanisms occurring in different parts of the nephron, including active transport, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, passive electrochemical gradients, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and transcytosis.
48) The reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubule creates an osmotic gradient for the diffusion of ________ to occur.
A) Cl-
B) H2O
C) K+
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03a List specific transport mechanisms occurring in different parts of the nephron, including active transport, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, passive electrochemical gradients, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and transcytosis.
49) Since water follows the reabsorption of Na+ in the proximal tubule, the filtrate is isosmotic with the blood.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03a List specific transport mechanisms occurring in different parts of the nephron, including active transport, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, passive electrochemical gradients, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and transcytosis.; P03.07 Compare and contrast blood plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine and then relate their differences to function of the nephron.
50) The proximal convoluted tubule and nephron loop are subject to hormonal regulation for sodium and water reabsorption.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03e Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formation.
51) As the tubular filtrate moves through the descending limb of the nephron loop, the osmolality of the filtrate increases.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
52) ________ of the nephron loop is/are impermeable to water.
A) The ascending limb
B) The descending limb
C) Both limbs
D) Neither limb
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03e Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formation.; P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
53) ________ of the nephron loop is/are impermeable to salt.
A) The ascending limb
B) The descending limb
C) Both limbs
D) Neither limb
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03e Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formation.; P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
54) The tubular filtrate osmolality ________ as it flows through the ascending limb of the nephron loop.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains unchanged
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
55) Inhibition of the functions of the descending limb of the nephron loop would stimulate ________.
A) decreased water reabsorption
B) increased Na+ reabsorption
C) decreased Na+ reabsorption
D) increased water reabsorption
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
56) The vasa recta have the net effect of concentrating solutes in the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
57) The ________ acts as a countercurrent exchanger.
A) juxtaglomerular apparatus
B) peritubular capillaries
C) vasa recta
D) macula densa
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
58) The concentration of renal filtrate is highest in the ________.
A) proximal convoluted tubule
B) base of the nephron loop
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) cortical portion of the collecting duct
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
59) What is present in the vasa recta to remove water for the interstitial fluid of the renal medulla?
A) Na+/K+ pump
B) Urea transporters
C) Aquaporins
D) ADH receptors
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03b List the different membrane proteins of the nephron, including aquaporins, channels, transporters, and ATPase pumps.; P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
60) Countercurrent multiplication occurs by the actions of the ________.
A) vasa recta
B) peritubular capillaries
C) nephron loop
D) Both vasa recta and nephron loop are correct.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
61) Which of the following is a nonsalt molecule that contributes to the hypertonicity of the interstitial fluid of the renal tubules?
A) Urea
B) Protein
C) Creatinine
D) Xenobiotic molecule
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Organic compounds
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.
62) Urea transport in the collecting duct is a(n) ________ process.
A) active
B) passive
C) exocytosis
D) endocytosis
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03f Explain the role of the loop of Henle, the vasa recta, and the countercurrent multiplication mechanism in the concentration of urine.; P03.05 Compare and contrast reabsorption and tubular secretion, with respect to direction of solute movement, strength of concentration gradients, and energy required.
63) Urea is transported out of the descending limb of the nephron loop to add to the high osmolality of the medulla.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03e Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formation.; P03.05 Compare and contrast reabsorption and tubular secretion, with respect to direction of solute movement, strength of concentration gradients, and energy required.
64) The collecting duct is naturally impermeable to salt but permeable to water.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03e Explain why the differential permeability or impermeability of specific sections of the nephron tubules is necessary for urine formation.
65) The maximal response to antidiuretic hormone occurs in the collecting ducts of juxtomedullary nephrons.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03b List the different membrane proteins of the nephron, including aquaporins, channels, transporters, and ATPase pumps.; P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
66) Aquaporins will be formed in the proximal convoluted tubule in response to antidiuretic hormone.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
67) Neurohypophyseal secretion of ________ stimulates formation of concentrated urine.
A) aldosterone
B) renin
C) antidiuretic hormone
D) angiotensin I
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.; P04.04 Predict specific factors involved in creating dilute versus concentrated urine.
68) An increase in plasma osmolality will cause the secretion of ADH.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
69) An increase of blood volume will cause secretion of ADH.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.; P04.04 Predict specific factors involved in creating dilute versus concentrated urine.
70) Tubular ultrafiltrate enters the collecting duct from the ________.
A) glomerulus
B) nephron loop
C) distal convoluted tubule
D) proximal convoluted tubule
Section: 17.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P02.05 Trace the path of filtrate/urine from the renal corpuscle to the urethral opening.
71) Antidiuretic hormone ________.
A) stimulates water reabsorption by the kidney
B) induces fusion of aquaporin containing vesicles with the plasma membrane
C) is secreted in response to dehydration
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.03
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.; P04.04 Predict specific factors involved in creating dilute versus concentrated urine.
72) The ability of the kidneys to remove molecules from the blood plasma by excreting them in the urine is known as ________.
A) glomerular filtration
B) renal clearance
C) micturition
D) reabsorption
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.04b Describe the physiological processes involved in eliminating drugs, wastes and excess ions.
73) The effectiveness of some antibiotics, such as penicillin, is enhanced by preventing their excretion by use of ________.
A) toxiporins
B) organic anion transporters
C) probenecid
D) xenobiotics
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.04b Describe the physiological processes involved in eliminating drugs, wastes and excess ions.
74) The movement of molecules and ions from the peritubular capillaries into interstitial fluid and then into the nephron tubule is called ________.
A) secretion
B) reabsorption
C) excretion
D) filtration
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.01 List the three major processes in urine formation and where each occurs in the nephron and collecting system.
75) Renal clearance is decreased by reabsorption and increased by secretion.
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.05 Compare and contrast reabsorption and tubular secretion, with respect to direction of solute movement, strength of concentration gradients, and energy required.
76) Where are OATs located?
A) Basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells
B) Apical surface of distal tubule cells
C) Basolateral membrane of distal tubule cells
D) Apical surface of collecting duct cells
Section: 17.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03b List the different membrane proteins of the nephron, including aquaporins, channels, transporters, and ATPase pumps.
77) If the rate of urine formation is 2 ml/min, the urine inulin concentration is 25 mg/ml, and the plasma inulin concentration 0.5 mg/ml, then the GFR is ________.
A) 0.04 mL/min
B) 100 mL/min
C) 6.25 mL/min
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
78) Inulin is a good measure of GFR because it is filtered but neither reabsorbed nor secreted by the kidneys.
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
79) If the glomerular filtration rate decreased, one would expect to see a corresponding ________ clearance rate.
A) increase plasma protein
B) increase plasma urea
C) decrease plasma creatinine
D) decrease plasma glucose
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
80) The renal plasma clearance of a substance that is filtered and secreted is ________ the GFR.
A) greater than
B) less than
C) equal to
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
81) The renal plasma clearance of a substance that is filtered but not reabsorbed or secreted is ________ the GFR.
A) greater than
B) less than
C) equal to
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
82) Renal clearance of PAH ________ glomerular filtration rate.
A) is equal to
B) exceeds
C) is less than
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
83) PAH actually measures ________.
A) glomerular filtration rate
B) renal plasma clearance
C) total renal blood flow
D) transport maximum
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.02d Describe glomerular filtration rate (GFR), state the average value of GFR, and explain how clearance rate can be used to measure GFR.
84) The minimum plasma concentration of a substance that results in the excretion of that substance in the urine is the ________.
A) transport maximum
B) GFR
C) renal plasma clearance
D) renal plasma threshold
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.04b Describe the physiological processes involved in eliminating drugs, wastes and excess ions.
85) Only about 20% of renal blood is filtered in one pass through the kidneys.
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03g State the percent of filtrate that is normally reabsorbed and explain why the process of reabsorption is so important.
86) The ________ is the saturation point of renal carrier molecules.
A) transport maximum
B) GFR
C) renal plasma clearance
D) renal plasma threshold
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.03b List the different membrane proteins of the nephron, including aquaporins, channels, transporters, and ATPase pumps.
87) People with diabetes mellitus have glycosuria because ________.
A) the total renal blood flow is low
B) the plasma glucose concentration is greater than the renal plasma threshold
C) they have inadequate amounts of ADH
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.08 Determine the physical and chemical properties of a urine sample and relate these properties to normal urine composition.; P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
88) People with diabetes mellitus have polyuria because they ________.
A) have inadequate amounts of ADH
B) have greater oncotic pressure in the kidney tubules
C) have inadequate amounts of aldosterone
D) drink a lot of water
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Urine and renal function tests; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P03.08 Determine the physical and chemical properties of a urine sample and relate these properties to normal urine composition.; P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
89) Inhibition of ________ secretion from the adrenal cortex stimulates hyperkalemia.
A) aldosterone
B) renin
C) angiotensin I
D) angiotensin II
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
90) Excessive aldosterone secretion would induce ________.
A) decreased plasma potassium
B) decreased plasma sodium
C) decreased plasma chloride
D) no change in plasma ion balance
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
91) Diuretics ________.
A) decrease urine production
B) induce hypertension
C) primarily act on the proximal convoluted tubule
D) primarily act on the distal convoluted tubule
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.05 Explain the mechanism of action of diuretics.
92) The main region of aldosterone action is the ________.
A) distal convoluted tubule
B) proximal convoluted tubule
C) medullary collecting duct
D) cortical collecting duct
Section: 17.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
93) Due to the action of aldosterone, water is reabsorbed because ________.
A) sodium is excreted in the urine
B) potassium is reabsorbed into peritubular blood
C) sodium is reabsorbed into peritubular blood
D) aldosterone opens aquaporins
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of water balance; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
94) Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting ________.
A) renin
B) inulin
C) angiotensinogen
D) natriuretic hormone
Section: 17.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.02 Describe how each of the following functions in the extrinsic control of GFR: renin-angiotensin mechanism, natriuretic peptides, and sympathetic adrenergic activity.; P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
95) Angiotensin-converting enzyme is mostly present in the capillaries of the ________.
A) liver
B) kidneys
C) lungs
D) adrenal medulla
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
96) The presence of renin secreting tumors may cause ________.
A) hypertension
B) increased aldosterone secretion
C) increased renal sodium reabsorption
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
97) Hemorrhage would induce ________.
A) increased renin secretion
B) increased atrial natriuretic peptide secretion
C) decreased ADH secretion
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
98) An inadequate dietary intake of NaCl will cause ________.
A) a rise in blood volume
B) a rise in renal blood flow
C) increased renin secretion
D) decreased aldosterone secretion
Section: 17.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
99) Aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex is stimulated by a(n) ________ in blood Na+ or a(n) ________ in blood K+.
A) increase; decrease
B) increase; increase
C) decrease; increase
D) decrease; decrease
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
100) The conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II occurs primarily in the ________.
A) liver
B) adrenal cortex
C) kidneys
D) lungs
Section: 17.05
Topic: Regulation of water balance; General functions of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
101) Potassium secretion by the kidneys is only possible due to the action of aldosterone.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
102) Diuresis is stimulated by atrial natriuretic peptide.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
103) In response to low plasma Na+, reduced ADH will decrease water volume in the blood to match lower Na+ concentration, while increased aldosterone will increase Na+ reabsorption to match the higher water volume of blood.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
104) Changes in blood volume are detected by ________.
A) osmoreceptors in hypothalamus
B) stretch receptors in the atria
C) cells in the proximal convoluted tubule
D) osmoreceptors in the medulla
Section: 17.05
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.
105) Depletion of extracellular K+ may induce ________.
A) metabolic acidosis
B) metabolic alkalosis
C) hyperventilation
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.03 Explain the mechanisms by which the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions, and how this process affects blood pH.; Q08.02 Predict factors or situations that would lead to a disruption of homeostasis by causing respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis, metabolic acidosis, or metabolic alkalosis.
106) An increase in extracellular H+ concentration may result in ________ extracellular K+.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) no change in
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.03 Explain the mechanisms by which the kidneys secrete hydrogen ions, and how this process affects blood pH.
107) The buffers of urinary pH are ammonia and monohydrogen phosphate.
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q05.03b Explain the role of the bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system and the protein buffer system in regulation of blood, interstitial fluid, and intracellular pH, including how each system responds to increases or decreases in pH.
108) Inhibiting the actions of ________ would impair the ability of the kidney to regulate pH of the blood.
A) aldosterone
B) ADH
C) carbonic anhydrase
D) inulin
Section: 17.05
Topic: General functions of the urinary system; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.04 Explain the mechanisms by which the kidneys retain bicarbonate ions, and how this process affects blood pH.
109) In response to alkalosis ________.
A) the kidney maximally reabsorbs bicarbonate
B) the kidney excretes bicarbonate
C) excess H+ enters the tubular filtrate
D) tubular carbonic anhydrase is inhibited
Section: 17.05
Topic: General functions of the urinary system; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.04 Explain the mechanisms by which the kidneys retain bicarbonate ions, and how this process affects blood pH.
110) The kidneys provide short-term adjustments to maintain blood pH.
Section: 17.05
Topic: General functions of the urinary system; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q07.02 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of electrolyte concentrations and pH of body fluids.
111) Bicarbonate must be converted to ________ to move into tubule cells and reduce blood pH.
A) carbonic anhydrase
B) carbonic acid
C) carbon dioxide
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.05
Topic: General functions of the urinary system; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q05.03a State the chemical equation for bicarbonate buffer system, the phosphate buffer system and the protein buffer system.
112) Since most filtered bicarbonate is reabsorbed, where does the bicarbonate come from that is used to compensate for acidosis?
A) Carbonic acid
B) Carbon dioxide
C) Glutamine
D) Glucose
Section: 17.05
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Buffer systems and their role in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.04 Explain the mechanisms by which the kidneys retain bicarbonate ions, and how this process affects blood pH.
113) Hypertension and edema are often treated with diuretics by reducing stroke volume.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.05 Explain the mechanism of action of diuretics.
114) Neuromuscular disorders and electrocardiographic abnormalities can result from ________.
A) hypokalemia
B) excessive use of loop diuretics
C) excessive use of thiazide diuretics
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.05 Explain the mechanism of action of diuretics.
115) The drug spironolactone causes increased reabsorption of K+. In doing so, it must ________.
A) inhibit the actions of aldosterone
B) block bicarbonate reabsorption
C) stimulate hypertension
D) activate Na+/K+ pumps
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.05 Explain the mechanism of action of diuretics.
116) Loop diuretics such as Lasix ________.
A) inhibit the actions of ADH
B) add extra solutes to the filtrate
C) inhibit active transport of salt out of the ascending nephron loop
D) inhibit salt transport in the first section of the distal tubule
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.05 Explain the mechanism of action of diuretics.
117) Glomerulonephritis may result from destruction of the glomerular capillary basement membrane.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
118) Why is the urinary albumin excretion rate an indication of renal damage from diabetes or hypertension?
A) Diabetes results in increased plasma albumin concentrations, which damages the glomerulus.
B) Both diabetes and hypertension result in excess retention of albumin by the kidneys.
C) Diabetes and hypertension may damage the glomerulus, causing excess albumin loss during filtration.
D) Albumin in the urine is a sign of end-stage renal failure.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Urine and renal function tests; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
119) Renal insufficiency ________.
A) stimulates metabolic alkalosis
B) often results from dialysis
C) may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis
D) stimulates hypokalemia
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
120) Uremia may cause ________.
A) acidosis
B) hyperkalemia
C) uretic coma
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
121) Kidney stones may result in all the following EXCEPT ________.
A) renal insufficiency
B) hypertension due to water and salt retention
C) polyuria
D) uremia
Section: 17.06
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
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HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
122) If dialysis fluid did not contain Na+, K+, and glucose, a patient would experience excessive loss of these substances in the urine.
Section: 17.06
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
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HAPS Outcome: P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
123) If blood glucose was elevated in the urine, it would stimulate which of the following changes to occur in the body?
A) Increased permeability to water in the collecting duct
B) Increased aldosterone production from the adrenal cortex
C) Increased GFR
D) Increased glucose carriers in the renal tubules
Section: 17.04
Topic: Functional process of urine formation, including filtration, reabsorption, and secretion; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
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HAPS Outcome: P03.03d Describe how and where water, organic compounds, and ions are reabsorbed in the nephron.; P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
124) An autoimmune disease that attacks the basement membranes of the glomerular capillaries could result in ________.
A) increased plasma colloid osmotic pressure
B) increased tubular osmolality
C) increased permeability to water aquaporins in the collecting duct
D) increased permeability to sodium in the distal convoluted tubules
Section: 17.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
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HAPS Outcome: P08.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the urinary system that could disrupt homeostasis.
125) Which of the following conditions could cause diabetes insipidus?
A) Autoimmune disorder of the pancreas
B) Exceeding transport maximum levels of glucose in the renal tubule
C) Pituitary tumor
D) Excess production of ADH from the pituitary gland
Section: 17.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the urinary system; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
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HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.; P04.04 Predict specific factors involved in creating dilute versus concentrated urine.; P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
126) Increased stimulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system will trigger which of the following to occur?
A) Increased transport of potassium into the urine
B) Decreased plasma osmolality
C) Increased transport of sodium into the urine
D) Increased tubular osmolality
Section: 17.05
Topic: Regulation of urine volume and composition; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: P04.03 Describe how each of the following works to regulate reabsorption and secretion, so as to affect urine volume and composition: renin-angiotensin system, aldosterone, antidiuretic hormone, and natriuretic peptides.; Q07.02 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of electrolyte concentrations and pH of body fluids.
127) Urinalysis on a patient reveals a number of abnormalities. Choose the abnormal finding that best indicates damage to the filtration barriers in the glomerulus.
A) Glycosuria
B) Increased creatinine
C) Hematuria
D) Hypercalcemia
Section: 17.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the urinary system; Clinical applications of the urinary system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
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HAPS Outcome: P02.03a Identify the major structures and subdivisions of the renal corpuscles, renal tubules and renal capillaries.; P03.07 Compare and contrast blood plasma, glomerular filtrate, and urine and then relate their differences to function of the nephron.; P08.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the urinary system could not maintain homeostasis.
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Connected Book
Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski