Digestive System | Ch18 – Complete Test Bank – 15e - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 18 The Digestive System
1) Water is an essential component to the digestion of polymers into monomers along the GI tract.
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.
2) Enzymes and bicarbonate are considered exocrine secretions of the gastrointestinal system.
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.; N06.02c List the enzymes used in enzymatic hydrolysis.
3) Wavelike muscular contraction of the gastrointestinal tract is called ________.
A) peristalsis
B) segmentation
C) deglutition
D) mastication
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.; N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.
4) Functions of the digestive system include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) deglutition
B) hormone secretion
C) absorption
D) hormone degradation
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.
5) The lining of the intestine provides a physical barrier against microorganisms and their toxins.
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.01b Describe regional specializations in the histological structure of the alimentary canal and relate these specializations to the functions of the particular organs in which they are located.
6) While considered an organ of the gastrointestinal system, the ________ is not part of the gastrointestinal tract.
A) pharynx
B) liver
C) small intestine
D) esophagus
Section: 18.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.
7) Absorptive cells of the gastrointestinal tract are located within the mucosa.
Section: 18.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.01a Identify, and describe the histological structure and the function of, each of the four layers of the alimentary canal wall - the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa (visceral peritoneum).
8) Damage to which tunic of the GI tract would directly affect Auerbach's plexus?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa
Section: 18.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.01a Identify, and describe the histological structure and the function of, each of the four layers of the alimentary canal wall - the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa (visceral peritoneum).
9) Which of the following motility processes is NOT correctly matched to its description?
A) Peristalsis—rhythmic, wave-like contractions
B) Mastication—removal of wastes
C) Ingestion—taking food into the mouth
D) Deglutition—swallowing
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.
10) The transport of digested food into the blood or lymph is ________.
A) ingestion
B) deglutition
C) absorption
D) segmentation
Section: 18.01
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.; N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of monosaccharides, peptides and amino acids, and fatty acids and monoglycerides.
11) What is necessary for the hydrolysis of complex food molecules?
A) Specific enzymes
B) Acid
C) Water
D) Both specific enzymes and water are correct.
Section: 18.01
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N01.01 Describe the major functions of the digestive system.; N06.02c List the enzymes used in enzymatic hydrolysis.
12) Which tunic of the GI tract is vascular and has many nerves and glands?
A) Mucosa
B) Submucosa
C) Muscularis
D) Serosa
Section: 18.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.01a Identify, and describe the histological structure and the function of, each of the four layers of the alimentary canal wall - the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa (visceral peritoneum).
13) Parasympathetic antagonists would stimulate gastrointestinal motility.
Section: 18.01
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
14) Place the tunics of the GI tract wall in the correct order from superficial to deep.
A) Submucosa, mucosa, serosa, muscularis
B) Mucosa, muscularis, submucosa, serosa
C) Serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis
D) Serosa, muscularis, submucosa, mucosa
Section: 18.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.01a Identify, and describe the histological structure and the function of, each of the four layers of the alimentary canal wall - the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa (visceral peritoneum).
15) Damage to the ________ would reduce GI secretions, while damage to the ________ could impact mastication.
A) glossopharyngeal nerve; hypoglossal nerve
B) hypoglossal nerve; vagus nerve
C) vagus nerve; hypoglossal nerve
D) vagus nerve; glossopharyngeal nerve
Section: 18.01
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.; N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
16) Choose the statement that correctly characterizes the GI tract.
A) The two openings of the GI tract permit two-way transport of food, which maximizes absorption.
B) Body tissues are composed of substrates similar to food; thus, they would be degraded by enzymes in the GI tract if exposed to the internal environment of the GI tract.
C) The harsh environment in the GI tract allows for the absorption of indigestible materials without harming body tissues.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 18.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.; N02.01a Identify, and describe the histological structure and the function of, each of the four layers of the alimentary canal wall - the mucosa, the submucosa, the muscularis externa, and the serosa (visceral peritoneum).
17) Which of the following is one of the phases of swallowing?
A) Pharyngeal
B) Peristalsis
C) Reflux
D) Segmentation
Section: 18.02
Topic: Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.; N06.01b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in mechanical digestion and explain the details of the process for each.
18) The initial phase of deglutition is a voluntary process.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.; N06.01b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in mechanical digestion and explain the details of the process for each.
19) Chewing of food is known as ________.
A) deglutition
B) mastication
C) peristalsis
D) segmentation
Section: 18.02
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.01b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in mechanical digestion and explain the details of the process for each.
20) What structure keeps food from exiting from the nose during swallowing?
A) Epiglottis
B) Nasopharynx
C) Soft palate
D) Tongue
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.02b Identify the hard and soft palates and discuss their functions.; N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.
21) What structure keeps food from entering the larynx during swallowing?
A) Epiglottis
B) Laryngopharynx
C) Soft palate
D) Tongue
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.
22) The combination of chewed food and saliva is called ________.
A) chyme
B) a bolus
C) pylorus
D) hiatal
Section: 18.02
Topic: Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.
23) The superior portion of the esophagus contains smooth muscle in its wall.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.04b Describe the locations of skeletal and smooth muscle within the wall of the esophagus.
24) Why does the upper third of the esophagus have skeletal muscle in its wall?
A) To prevent choking
B) The first phase of swallowing is voluntary
C) So that peristalsis can occur
D) The first phase of swallowing is involuntary
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.04b Describe the locations of skeletal and smooth muscle within the wall of the esophagus.; N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.
25) Deglutition is coordinated by the swallowing center in the ________.
A) brain stem
B) cerebrum
C) spinal cord
D) cerebellum
Section: 18.02
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.01 List the structures involved in the process of deglutition and explain how they function, including the changes in position of the glottis and larynx that prevent aspiration.
26) A patient underwent a partial gastrectomy. As a result of this procedure, the patient ________.
A) would have an increased risk of peptic ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease
B) may become hypoglycemic due to impaired carbohydrate digestion
C) may require regular vitamin B12 injections
D) may experience an irregular increase in hunger due to increased ghrelin secretion
Section: 18.02
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
27) Removal of the ________ would NOT impact ________.
A) Stomach; Storage of food
B) Large intestine; Absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
C) Stomach; Digestion of most foods
D) Small intestine; Absorption of sugar and protein
Section: 18.02
Topic: General functions of the digestive system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05b Identify the structure and discuss the function of the cardiac region, the fundus, the body and the pyloric region of the stomach.
28) Removal of the stomach could lead to anemia.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N07.02 Discuss the absorption of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and the absorption of vitamin B12.; N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
29) Pepsin would not be found in the stomach if the ________ cells were destroyed.
A) goblet
B) parietal
C) D cells
D) chief or zymogenic
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.
30) Read the statements about protein digestion, and choose the incorrect statement.
A) If HCl was missing, the stomach could not perform the initial steps of protein digestion.
B) A medication that inhibits the formation of HCl would decrease protein breakdown.
C) The low pH provided by HCl secretion allows the pepsin enzyme to be freed from pepsinogen enzymes.
D) Protein digestion could be impacted by disease of both the stomach and the pancreas.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
31) Vitamin B12 is primarily absorbed in the ________.
A) duodenum
B) jejunum
C) ileum
D) cecum
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N07.02 Discuss the absorption of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and the absorption of vitamin B12.
32) The ________ of the stomach and intestine secrete histamine and serotonin.
A) G cells
B) parietal cells
C) enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells
D) chief cells
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:
33) Pernicious anemia develops if there is a vitamin ________ deficiency.
A) C
B) B6
C) B12
D) D
Section: 18.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N07.02 Discuss the absorption of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and the absorption of vitamin B12.; N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
34) Long folds of the stomach's inner surface are called ________.
A) plicae
B) rugae
C) gastric pits
D) ghrelin
Section: 18.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05c Discuss the significance of rugae.
35) The stomach churns food into a pasty material is called ________.
A) a bolus
B) chyme
C) chyle
D) saliva
Section: 18.02
Topic: Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.03 Explain how volume, chemical composition, and osmolarity of the chyme affect motility in the stomach and in the duodenum.; N06.01b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in mechanical digestion and explain the details of the process for each.
36) If ________ were absent, intestinal absorption of vitamin B12 could not occur.
A) vitamin D
B) calcium
C) intrinsic factor
D) vitamin C
Section: 18.02
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N07.02 Discuss the absorption of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and the absorption of vitamin B12.
37) Somatostatin is produced in the stomach by ________ cells.
A) goblet
B) parietal
C) G
D) D
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06b State the target organ for each hormone or agent.
38) Histamine secretion by the stomach would be prevented by destruction of the ________ cells.
A) D
B) G
C) chief
D) enterochromaffin-like
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
39) Antihistamines would directly limit the gastric secretion of ________.
A) pepsinogen
B) gastrin
C) hydrochloric acid
D) mucus
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
40) Acidic chyme is buffered by ________ secreted from the pancreas.
A) mucus
B) bicarbonate
C) ammonia
D) urea
Section: 18.02
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
41) Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with ________.
A) peptic ulcers
B) hiatal hernia
C) acid reflux
D) pancreatitis
Section: 18.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
42) Which of the following disorders occurs as a result of acidic gastric juice traveling up into the esophagus?
A) Gastroenteritis
B) Gastroesophageal reflux disease
C) Pernicious anemia
D) Gastritis
Section: 18.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.04a Describe the structure and discuss the function of the upper esophageal and lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincters.; N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
43) Pepsin would have the greatest activity ________.
A) if someone fasted for hours prior to eating
B) if someone ate a primarily carbohydrate meal
C) when the pH of the chyme is greater than 3
D) when the pH of the chyme is less than 3
Section: 18.02
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
44) Which of the following may be beneficial in treating gastric ulcers?
A) Epinephrine
B) H2 histamine blockers
C) Gastric inhibitory peptide
D) Carboxypeptidase
Section: 18.02
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the digestive system could not maintain homeostasis.
45) Which hormone stimulates ECL cells to secrete histamine, which stimulates HCl release from parietal cells?
A) Secretin
B) CCK
C) Gastrin
D) Ghrelin
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.; N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
46) Choose the structure or substance that is NOT a barrier to acid and pepsin damage in the stomach.
A) Adherent layer of mucus
B) Bicarbonate
C) Gap junctions between epithelial cells
D) Rapid turnover of epithelial cells
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05b Identify the structure and discuss the function of the cardiac region, the fundus, the body and the pyloric region of the stomach.
47) Histamine release will cause more acid to be released in the stomach.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
48) Sympathetic nerve fibers can cause the release of HCl from parietal cells.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
49) Bicarbonate that protects the duodenum from peptic ulcers comes from all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) adherent layer of mucus
B) Brunner's cells
C) stomach
D) pancreatic juice
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the digestive system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
50) Most of the food is digested and absorbed through the wall of the stomach.
Section: 18.02
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
51) The first line of defense in the stomach against damaging acid and pepsin is the ________.
A) tight junctions of epithelial cells
B) rapid rate of epithelial cell replacement
C) adherent layer of mucus
D) release of gastrin
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.05e Identify the structure of a gastric gland including the location of the chief (zymogenic) cells, parietal (oxynic) cells, enteroendocrine cells, and mucous cells, and discuss the functions of these different cell types.
52) What commonly ingested substances are absorbed through the stomach wall?
A) Water and alcohol
B) Antacid and water
C) Alcohol and aspirin
D) Penicillin and aspirin
Section: 18.02
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01a List the organs and specific structures involved in the absorption of each of these types of nutrient.
53) Surface area in the small intestine is increased by ________.
A) rugae
B) villi
C) plicae circularis
D) microvilli
Section: 18.03
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.06b Identify and discuss the histology and functions of the plicae circulares, villi, and microvilli.
54) Absorbed lipids are initially transported by the lymphatic system.
Section: 18.03
Topic: Processes of absorption; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of each type of nutrient.
55) Protein digestion would decrease if the brush border in the small intestine were destroyed.
Section: 18.03
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02e List the substrates and products of enzymatic hydrolysis for each enzyme.
56) What is the function of Paneth cells of the small intestine?
A) Produce mucus
B) Divide by mitosis to make new mucosa cells
C) Produce lysozyme and defensins
D) Produce digestive enzymes
Section: 18.03
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.06c Identify Brunner's glands (duodenal glands) in the duodenum and Crypts of Leiberkuhn (intestinal glands) in all portions of the small intestine, and discuss the function of these glands.
57) What is the function of enterokinase secreted by the brush border?
A) Activates the protein-digesting enzyme trypsin
B) Breaks down dipeptides
C) Causes the stomach to produce gastrin
D) Causes release of pancreatic digestive enzymes
Section: 18.03
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
58) The majority of hydrolysis of disaccharides occurs by the actions of enzymes found in the ________.
A) pancreatic juice
B) brush border of the small intestine
C) saliva
D) gastric mucosa
Section: 18.03
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.; N06.02c List the enzymes used in enzymatic hydrolysis.
59) Stress would cause GI motility and secretions to be ________.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) unchanged
Section: 18.03
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N09.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the digestive system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
60) Slow waves of the intestine are produced by what type of cells?
A) Gastric
B) Microflora
C) SXR
D) Cajal
Section: 18.03
Topic: Mechanical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.
61) Slow wave depolarization triggers depolarization of smooth muscle by opening voltage-gated ________ channels.
A) K+
B) Na+
C) Ca2+
D) Ach
Section: 18.03
Topic: Mechanical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.
62) The mixing movement of the small intestine is called ________.
A) deglutition
B) segmentation
C) micturition
D) peristalsis
Section: 18.03
Topic: General functions of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.
63) The ________ is NOT a section of the small intestine.
A) ileum
B) cecum
C) jejunum
D) duodenum
Section: 18.03
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.06a Identify the location and discuss the relative length and the functions of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
64) The primary function of the large intestine is ________.
A) water and electrolyte reabsorption
B) mineral absorption
C) hormone degradation
D) degrading toxins
Section: 18.04
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
65) The outer surface bulges of the large intestine are called ________.
A) crypts
B) cecum
C) haustra
D) colon
Section: 18.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07c Identify and discuss the functions of teniae coli, haustra, and epiploic appendages
66) Which of the following is NOT a function of intestinal microbiota?
A) Production of B vitamins
B) Ferment indigestible contents of the chyme
C) Production of vitamin K
D) Hydrolyze proteins
Section: 18.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
67) Excess use of antibiotics can kill the normal intestinal microflora and open a niche for pathogenic bacteria.
Section: 18.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
68) Normal levels of intestinal microbiota help protect us from pathogenic bacteria.
Section: 18.04
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
69) Movement of water out of the large intestine is by ________.
A) active transport
B) cotransport
C) osmosis
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 18.04
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
70) Medications that treat constipation should include ions such as sodium and magnesium, since water will follow these ions into the intestinal lumen via osmosis.
Section: 18.04
Topic: Processes of absorption; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.; N09.02 Explain how the digestive system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
71) In addition to its effects on kidney tubules, aldosterone affects salt and water absorption in the small intestine.
Section: 18.04
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.; N09.02 Explain how the digestive system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
72) The process of waste removal is called ________.
A) defecation
B) mastication
C) deglutition
D) segmentation
Section: 18.04
Topic: General functions of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.04a Describe the defecation reflex and the function of the internal and external anal sphincters.
73) Bile is produced by the gallbladder.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in the process of emulsification.
74) Hepatic places are separated by large capillary spaces called ________.
A) hepatocytes
B) lobules
C) sinusoids
D) portal systems
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.
75) Which condition is characterized by a large number of liver lobules being destroyed and replaced by permanent, scar-like connective tissue?
A) Jaundice
B) Hepatitis
C) Cholecystitis
D) Cirrhosis
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.; N05.04e Explain the Valsalva maneuver and the effects it has on the process of defecation and on the cardiovascular system.; N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
76) Which of the following are hepatic phagocytic cells of the reticuloendothelial system?
A) Hepatocytes
B) Kupffer cells
C) Langerhans cells
D) Merkel's cells
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.
77) Blood from the digestive organs enters general circulation and eventually reaches the liver for processing.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Hepatic portal blood circulation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02c Identify the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic vein and discuss the function of each of those blood vessels.
78) Bile is produced by ________.
A) Kupffer cells
B) gall bladder cells
C) hepatocytes
D) sinusoids
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.
79) As bile is produced, it drains into ________.
A) bile canaliculi
B) hepatic veins
C) the central vein
D) sinusoids
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.
80) A ________ has the following pattern of circulation: capillaries -> veins -> capillaries -> veins.
A) portal system
B) sinusoid
C) lobule
D) glomerulus
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Hepatic portal blood circulation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02c Identify the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic vein and discuss the function of each of those blood vessels.
81) All of the substances listed have an enterohepatic circulation EXCEPT ________.
A) penicillin
B) cholesterol
C) tetracycline
D) bilirubin
Section: 18.05
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.03 Discuss the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts.
82) The enterohepatic circulation is between the ________ and ________.
A) liver; stomach
B) liver; pancreas
C) liver; intestine
D) liver; gallbladder
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.03 Discuss the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts.
83) The liver is able to produce ketone bodies from fatty acids; therefore, it is critical for helping Type I diabetics remain stable.
Section: 18.05
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Metabolic roles of body organs
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
84) A disease that inhibits hepatic function would cause disorders of metabolism, but have no impact on blood clotting.
Section: 18.05
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Metabolic roles of body organs
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
85) Cholesterol is a critical component in the formation of bile.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02d Identify the histological components of a liver lobule (including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoids, Kupffer cells, bile canaliculi, central vein, and the components of a hepatic triad) and discuss the function of each.
86) Inadequate bile secretion will limit emulsification of fats.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
87) Derivatives of ________ give feces a brown color.
A) urobilinogen
B) bilirubin
C) cholesterol
D) guanylin
Section: 18.05
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.03 Discuss the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts.
88) Which of the following is NOT a major constituent of bile?
A) Cholesterol
B) Bilirubin
C) Urea
D) Lecithin
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
89) Bile pigment is a derivative of ________.
A) heme group without iron
B) iron
C) globin part of hemoglobin
D) cholesterol
Section: 18.05
Topic: Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.03 Discuss the enterohepatic circulation of bile salts.
90) Conjugated bilirubin ________.
A) forms when bilirubin is combined with bile.
B) is a water soluble molecule
C) is converted into urobilirubin in the stomach
D) is produced in the small intestine
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
91) Bile salts are derivatives of ________.
A) sodium chloride
B) hemoglobin
C) bilirubin
D) cholesterol
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
92) What role do bile salts play in digestion?
A) Emulsify lipids for digestion by enzymes
B) Gives color to the feces
C) Needed for water reabsorption
D) They play no role in digestion.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
93) The liver will detoxify ammonia by converting it into ________.
A) uric acid
B) ammonium ions
C) urea
D) amino acids
Section: 18.05
Topic: Metabolic roles of body organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
94) Micelles, made of bile salts, have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions that allow them to emulsify fats and dissolve in water.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
95) Converting glucose into glycogen is the process of ________.
A) glycogenesis
B) glycogenolysis
C) gluconeogenesis
D) lipogenesis
Section: 18.05
Topic: Metabolic roles of body organs; Metabolism of carbohydrates
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.; O03.01e Describe the processes of glycogenesis, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, including the substrates and products of each.
96) Clotting factors are produced by the ________.
A) liver
B) pancreas
C) stomach
D) duodenum
Section: 18.05
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Metabolic roles of body organs; Hemostasis, including coagulation of blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
97) Choose the substance NOT produced by the liver.
A) Hydroxylated steroid hormones
B) Uric acid
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Bilirubin
Section: 18.05
Topic: General functions of the digestive system; Metabolic roles of body organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
98) The conjugation of nonpolar compounds in the liver makes them ________ and water ________.
A) polar; soluble
B) polar; insoluble
C) cationic; soluble
D) cationic; insoluble
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
99) Jaundice is created by high blood levels of ________ when the bile duct is blocked by gallstones.
A) free bilirubin
B) urobilinogen
C) conjugated bilirubin
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.; N03.02e Identify the hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, common bile duct, sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater and sphincter of Oddi) and discuss the roles of those structures in the flow of bile.
100) Bile is forced up the cystic duct through the closing of the ________.
A) sphincter of Oddi
B) lower esophageal sphincter
C) pyloric sphincter
D) ileocecal valve
Section: 18.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N03.02e Identify the hepatic duct, cystic duct, gallbladder, common bile duct, sphincter of hepatopancreatic ampulla (ampulla of Vater and sphincter of Oddi) and discuss the roles of those structures in the flow of bile.
101) Physiological jaundice of the newborn is due to high levels of ________.
A) free bilirubin
B) urobilinogen
C) conjugated bilirubin
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
102) Choose the physiologic process that should not be compromised by disease of the liver.
A) Storage of glucose and fatty acids throughout the body for long-term energy reserves
B) Formation of steroid hormones
C) Hydrolysis of lactose into lactase and sucrase
D) Maintenance of blood glucose levels during fasting
Section: 18.05
Topic: Metabolism of lipids; Metabolic roles of body organs; Metabolism of carbohydrates
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: O04.01 Describe the role of the liver in metabolism.
103) Zymogens are inactive forms of ________ enzymes.
A) stomach
B) liver
C) pancreatic
D) small intestine
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
104) Trypsin is activated by the enzyme ________.
A) enterokinase
B) lipase
C) lactase
D) carboxypeptidase
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
105) Inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretions would result in ________.
A) decreased insulin secretion following meals
B) decreased bile synthesis and secretion
C) presence of an acidic chyme
D) stimulation of enterokinase activity
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
106) Mutation of the gene encoding for cholecystokinin would limit pancreatic bicarbonate secretion.
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
107) Which of the following zymogens is activated by trypsin in the small intestine?
A) Lipase
B) Carboxypeptidase
C) Ribonuclease
D) Amylase
Section: 18.05
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02d Discuss the activation of specific enzymes, where applicable.
108) Where does the bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas come from?
A) Bicarbonate in the blood
B) CO2 in the blood
C) Acini cells
D) Pancreatic islets
Section: 18.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02f Discuss the mechanisms used to regulate secretion and/or activation of each enzyme.
109) Removal of the proximal portion of the small intestine should not affect ________, given that this is stimulated by ________.
A) HCl secretion; cholecystokinin
B) insulin secretion; gastric inhibitory peptide
C) pepsinogen secretion; gastrin
D) bile release; cholecystokinin
Section: 18.06
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of accessory digestive glands and organs; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
110) Which of the following is NOT an effect of CCK?
A) Stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate rich pancreatic juice
B) Stimulates contraction of the gall bladder
C) Inhibits gastric motility
D) Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice rich in enzymes
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
111) Which of the following is NOT an effect of gastrin?
A) Stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl
B) Stimulates chief cells to secrete pepsinogen
C) Stimulates secretion of pancreatic juice enzymes
D) Maintains structure of gastric mucosa
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
112) The first of the three phases of extrinsic control of gastric function is the gastric phase.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
113) The vagus nerve stimulates gastrin secretion during the cephalic phase of gastric function.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.; N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
114) The major stimulus for the secretion of HCl during the cephalic phase of gastric regulation is ________.
A) the hypothalamus
B) vagal stimulation of chief cells
C) release of histamine by ECL cells
D) vagal stimulation of parietal cells
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
115) A small meal composed of one macronutrient would cause less gastric secretion than a large, mixed macronutrient meal.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
116) The negative feedback control of HCl secretion in the gastric phase of gastric regulation is mainly by ________ secretion.
A) decline in gastrin
B) increase in gastrin
C) increase in somatostatin
D) Both decrease in gastrin secretion and increase in somatostatin secretion are correct.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.; N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
117) Gastric hydrochloric acid secretion is regulated through both negative and positive feedback mechanisms.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
118) Amino acids and peptides in the stomach lumen stimulate acid secretion during the ________ phase of gastric secretion.
A) gastric
B) cephalic
C) hepatic
D) intestinal
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.03 Discuss the function, production, and regulation of secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl).; N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
119) Secretion of insulin from the pancreas is increased in response to increased ________.
A) secretin
B) GIP
C) guanylin
D) gastrin
Section: 18.06
Topic: Processes of absorption; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.05 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the small intestine and give examples for each phase.; O03.01f Describe the role of hormones (such as cortisol, growth hormone, thyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon and norepinephrine) in regulation of carbohydrate catabolism and anabolism.
120) During the intestinal phase regulating gastric function, ________.
A) the vagus nerve stimulates gastrin secretion
B) stomach distension stimulates acid secretion
C) gastric gland secretions are inhibited
D) gastric emptying is inhibited
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.; N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
121) The arrival of chyme into the duodenum begins the ________ phase of stomach function.
A) cephalic
B) gastric
C) intestinal
D) hepatic
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
122) Secretion of enterogastrone is stimulated by ________ in the chyme.
A) protein
B) acid
C) glucose
D) fats
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
123) Enterogastrone will ________ gastric function.
A) stimulate
B) inhibit
C) have no effect on
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
124) The ________ reflex inhibits gastric motility.
A) gastroileal
B) GLP-1
C) ileogastric
D) GIP
Section: 18.06
Topic: Mechanical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
125) The ________ reflex stimulates increased gastrin activity and increased movement of chyme into the duodenum.
A) gastroileal
B) GLP-1
C) ileogastric
D) GIP
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.04 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the stomach and give examples for each phase.
126) Sensory neurons within intestinal plexuses that travel in the vagus nerve to the CNS are called ________.
A) extrinsic afferents
B) intrinsic afferents
C) paracrine regulators
D) myenteric afferents
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.01 List the components of both a short reflex and a long reflex in the digestive system.; N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
127) Peristalsis within the intestines is regulated by the ________ nervous system.
A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) enteric
D) somatic
Section: 18.06
Topic: Mechanical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N05.02 Define the terms peristalsis, segmentation, migrating myoelectric complex, and mass movement, and discuss the role that these activities play in the function of various regions of the alimentary canal.; N08.02 Discuss regulation of reflexes by the enteric nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
128) The acidic chyme entering the duodenum initiates all of the following actions EXCEPT the ________.
A) intestinal phase of gastric function
B) release of serotonin from the duodenum
C) release of bicarbonate from the pancreas
D) release of bicarbonate into bile
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.05 Explain the effect of the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase on the functions of the small intestine and give examples for each phase.
129) Which of the following is NOT true about CCK (cholecystokinin)?
A) Released in response to fat and protein in the chyme
B) Stimulates the production of pancreatic digestive enzymes
C) Uses cyclic AMP as the second messenger to pancreatic acinar cells
D) Controlled through a positive feedback loop
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:; N08.06c Describe the action of each hormone or agent.
130) Atrophy of the pancreatic acinar cells could occur in response to ________.
A) increased gastrin secretion
B) decreased sympathetic stimulation
C) decreased cholecystokinin secretion
D) increased secretin secretion
Section: 18.06
Topic: Chemical digestion; Clinical applications of the digestive system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06 With respect to the following hormones or paracrine agents gastrin, cholecystokinin, secretin, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, histamine, somatostatin, and motilin:
131) GI tract hormones can affect the same organs that secrete them.
Section: 18.06
Topic: Hormonal and neural regulation of digestive processes
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N08.06b State the target organ for each hormone or agent.
132) Digestion of starch starts in the stomach.
Section: 18.07
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
133) The enzyme with the most basic pH optimum is ________.
A) pancreatic lipase
B) pepsin
C) maltase
D) salivary amylase
Section: 18.07
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02c List the enzymes used in enzymatic hydrolysis.
134) In which of the following areas does carbohydrate digestion occur?
A) Mouth and stomach
B) Duodenum and pancreas
C) Stomach and pancreas
D) Mouth and duodenum
Section: 18.07
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
135) Most of the glucose is absorbed in the epithelial cells of the small intestine by ________.
A) simple diffusion
B) secondary active transport with Na+
C) osmosis
D) phagocytosis
Section: 18.07
Topic: Processes of absorption; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of each type of nutrient.
136) The enzymes for digestion of carbohydrates come from all of the following EXCEPT the ________.
A) pancreas
B) duodenum
C) liver
D) salivary glands
Section: 18.07
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
137) Most protein digestion occurs in the ________.
A) mouth and esophagus
B) stomach and duodenum
C) duodenum and jejunum
D) pancreas and duodenum
Section: 18.07
Topic: Gross anatomy of the digestive tract; Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.02b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in enzymatic hydrolysis.
138) Free amino acids are absorbed into the blood stream by ________.
A) simple diffusion
B) cotransport with H+
C) facilitated diffusion
D) cotransport with Na+
Section: 18.07
Topic: Processes of absorption; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01a List the organs and specific structures involved in the absorption of each of these types of nutrient.
139) Lipid digestion and absorption requires the coordinated actions of ________ and ________.
A) hydrochloric acid; pepsin
B) bile; bicarbonate
C) lipase; bile
D) water; bile
Section: 18.07
Topic: Chemical digestion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.04a Define emulsification and describe the process.
140) If plasma levels of ________ were low, excessive cholesterol may be deposited throughout the body tissues, and cardiovascular risk could increase.
A) high-density lipoprotein
B) low-density lipoprotein
C) very low-density lipoprotein
D) medium-density lipoprotein
Section: 18.07
Topic: Processes of absorption; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of monosaccharides, peptides and amino acids, and fatty acids and monoglycerides.
141) Cholesterol produced by the liver is transported in the blood as ________ lipoproteins.
A) high-density
B) low-density
C) very low-density
D) medium-density
Section: 18.07
Topic: Processes of absorption; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of monosaccharides, peptides and amino acids, and fatty acids and monoglycerides.
142) Choose the molecule that is correctly tied to its digestion or function.
A) Triglycerides: Ultimately enters the venous system
B) Mixed micelles: Digestion would be impacted by brush border destruction
C) Chylomicrons: Reformed within the epithelial cells
D) Protease: Essential for hydrolysis of triglycerides
Section: 18.07
Topic: Chemical digestion; Processes of absorption
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N06.05b List the organs and structures of the digestive system that function in the process of emulsification.; N07.01b Explain the processes involved in absorption of monosaccharides, peptides and amino acids, and fatty acids and monoglycerides.
143) Protection against atherosclerosis is believed to be associated with an elevated ________.
A) HDL-cholesterol
B) LDL-cholesterol
C) total cholesterol
D) VLDL-cholesterol
Section: 18.07
Topic: Clinical applications of the digestive system; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the digestive system that could disrupt homeostasis.
144) The upper third of the esophagus has skeletal muscle in its wall. What are some possible advantages of this fact?
A) The bolus can clear the upper esophagus quickly.
B) The final phase of swallowing is voluntary.
C) Peristalsis will not be necessary, and will not occur.
D) The first phase of swallowing is involuntary.
Section: 18.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.04b Describe the locations of skeletal and smooth muscle within the wall of the esophagus.
145) What conditions favor the proliferation of intestinal microbiota in the large intestine?
A) The use of antibiotics
B) The anaerobic environment of the large intestine
C) The undigested sugars and amino acids that regularly enter the large intestine
D) The presence of Vitamin K and Vitamin B12
Section: 18.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the digestive tract
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: N02.07b Identify the location and discuss the functions of the cecum and appendix, the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, the rectum, and the anus.
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Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski