Ch16 | Respiratory Physiology – Test Bank 15e - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 16 Respiratory Physiology
1) The events listed below are all components of respiration EXCEPT ________.
A) gas exchange
B) oxygen utilization
C) speech
D) ventilation
Section: 16.01
Topic: General functions of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.02 Describe and distinguish between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory tract.
2) Internal respiration occurs in the respiratory zone.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of the respiratory tract
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.02 Describe and distinguish between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory tract.
3) Type I alveolar cells secrete pulmonary surfactant.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the upper respiratory tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.06c State the function of each structure.
4) The "Adam's apple" is formed by the largest cartilage of the larynx.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the upper respiratory tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.04b Describe the gross anatomical features of each structure.
5) The conducting zone contains all of the following EXCEPT the ________.
A) primary bronchi
B) larynx
C) terminal bronchioles
D) respiratory bronchioles
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the upper respiratory tract; Gross anatomy of the lower respiratory tract
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.02 Describe and distinguish between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory tract.
6) Diffusion rate across the respiratory membrane is rapid because ________.
A) there are about 750 square feet of alveoli membrane
B) alveoli are one cell thick
C) the air-blood barrier is two cells thick
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.06b Describe the microscopic anatomy of each structure
7) A pulmonologist is examining a patient who has been smoking cigarettes for several years. The patient's history includes frequent upper and lower respiratory tract infections. What explains the patient's history?
A) Gas exchange is diminished by cigarette smoking, which increases the susceptibility to infection.
B) Smoking increases ciliary movement of mucus in the airways, causing pulmonary congestion.
C) Smoking suppresses the innate defenses in the conducting zone of the respiratory system.
D) Macrophage activity is increased by cigarette smoking, causing inflammation.
Section: 16.01
Topic: General functions of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M01.02 Describe the four respiratory processes - ventilation, external respiration (gas exchange at lung), internal respiration (gas exchange at body tissues), and cellular respiration.; M02.02 Describe and distinguish between the conducting and respiratory zones of the respiratory tract.
8) Pleural membranes envelop organs within the thoracic cavity.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.04a Identify each structure.
9) The ________ separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities.
A) lungs
B) liver
C) rib cage
D) diaphragm
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.04a Identify each structure.
10) The parietal pleura covers the surface of the lungs.
Section: 16.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M02.04a Identify each structure.
11) Intrapulmonary pressure increases as the diaphragm contracts.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.
12) Intrapleural pressure ________ during expiration.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains unchanged
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.
13) During inspiration, ________.
A) alveolar pressure exceeds atmospheric pressure
B) transpulmonary pressure increases
C) the diaphragm relaxes
D) intrapulmonary pressure is less than atmospheric pressure
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.
14) An individual presents to the ER with a pneumothorax. The patient is unable to inflate the affected lung because the transpulmonary pressure has decreased.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.; M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
15) What law states that the pressure of a given quantity of gas is inversely proportional to its volume?
A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Dalton's Law
D) Henry's Law
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.04 State Boyle's Law and relate this law to the specific sequence of events (muscle contractions/relaxations and pressure/volume changes) causing inspiration and expiration.
16) A measure of the distensibility of the lungs is ________.
A) compliance
B) elasticity
C) surface tension
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs; Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
17) The tendency of the lungs to return to their initial size after stretching is ________.
A) compliance
B) elasticity
C) surface tension
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
18) What phospholipid decreases the surface tension of the alveoli?
A) Mucus
B) Saliva
C) Surfactant
D) Lymph
Section: 16.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs; Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
19) How does surfactant reduce the surface tension of water in the lungs?
A) Decomposes water
B) Reduces hydrogen bonding between water molecules
C) Covers the alveoli
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Gross anatomy of the lungs; Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
20) Fluid secretion by lung cells is due to ________ alveolar cells.
A) active transport of Na+ into
B) active transport of Cl- out of
C) passive transport of HCO3- out of
D) active transport of Na+ out of
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
21) Acute respiratory distress syndrome causes a protein-rich fluid to accumulate rapidly in the lungs. Predict the consequences of this syndrome if medical intervention does not occur.
A) Air would be unable to move through the conducting zone.
B) Air would accumulate in the intrapleural space, interfering with gas exchange.
C) Tissues throughout the body would experience ischemia due to decreased oxygen delivery.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
22) Ventilation would be decreased by decreasing the activity of ________.
A) type II alveolar cells
B) type I alveolar cells
C) alveolar macrophages
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
23) Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) is a condition associated with premature babies who lack ________.
A) a-antitrypsin
B) histamine
C) type I alveolar cells
D) surfactant
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
24) According to whose law, is the pressure in a small alveolus greater than a large alveolus as long as the surface tension is equal?
A) Boyle's law
B) Dalton's law
C) Laplace's law
D) Henry's law
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.
25) Which muscles contraction will stimulate inspiration?
A) Diaphragm
B) External intercostals
C) Parasternal intercostals
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Skeletal muscles of the trunk
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.02 Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced expiration, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.
26) Quiet expiration is caused by ________.
A) contraction of the external intercostals
B) contraction of the internal intercostals
C) lung recoil and increased intrapulmonary pressure
D) contraction of the scalenes
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.02 Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced expiration, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.; M03.04 State Boyle's Law and relate this law to the specific sequence of events (muscle contractions/relaxations and pressure/volume changes) causing inspiration and expiration.
27) Forced (deep) inspiration occurs with the contraction of the ________.
A) rectus abdominis
B) scalenes
C) internal intercostals
D) parasternal intercostals
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Skeletal muscles of the trunk
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.02 Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced expiration, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.
28) Quiet inspiration will ________ thoracic and lung volume and ________ intrapulmonary pressure.
A) increase; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) decrease; increase
D) decrease; decrease
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.04 State Boyle's Law and relate this law to the specific sequence of events (muscle contractions/relaxations and pressure/volume changes) causing inspiration and expiration.
29) A patient experiences difficulty exhaling after taking a normal, full breath during a test of pulmonary function. The patient likely has a restrictive lung disorder, characterized by pulmonary fibrosis. This decreases the elastic recoil of the lungs.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).; M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
30) The maximum amount of gas that can be inspired after a normal tidal expiration is the inspiratory capacity.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
31) Vital capacity is reduced in pulmonary restrictive disorders, but normal in obstructive disorders.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).; M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
32) Identify the true statement regarding gas concentrations in the pulmonary system.
A) Blood in the pulmonary veins is low in oxygen.
B) Blood in the pulmonary veins is high in carbon dioxide.
C) The oxygen concentration of inspired air is higher than that of alveolar air.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
33) Cessation of breathing is known as ________.
A) apnea
B) dyspnea
C) eupnea
D) pneumothorax
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
34) The volume of gas inspired or expired in a quiet respiration cycle is the ________.
A) tidal volume
B) vital capacity
C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
35) The volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximum expiration is the ________.
A) tidal volume
B) vital capacity
C) inspiratory reserve volume
D) residual volume
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
36) The total amount of gas in the lungs after a maximum inspiration is the ________.
A) vital capacity
B) total lung capacity
C) tidal volume
D) functional residual capacity
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
37) Why would an individual with atopic allergic asthma experience difficulty breathing?
A) Mast cells, which stimulate vasodilation of the airways, are less active in persons with allergies.
B) IgE antibodies bind to the inhaled antigens, causing an inflammatory reaction that decreases gas exchange.
C) Leukotrienes cause constriction of the bronchioles, producing airway obstruction.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
38) Since norepinephrine stimulates bronchodilation, sympathetic agonists could be utilized to treat asthma.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.; M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
39) Which of the following may result from emphysema?
A) Reduced gas exchange surface area
B) Air trapping
C) Cor pulmonale
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
40) Pulmonary fibrosis may be caused by ________.
A) smoking
B) allergic reactions
C) breathing in coal dust
D) increased mucus production
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
41) Which of the following is an inflammatory cell associated with COPD but NOT asthma?
A) Mast cells
B) Helper T cells
C) Eosinophils
D) Cytotoxic T cells
Section: 16.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the respiratory system could not maintain homeostasis.
42) The partial pressure of oxygen decreases at high altitude because the amount of oxygen in the air is decreased.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
43) Which law states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the pressures that each gas in the mixture would exert independently?
A) Boyle's Law
B) Charles' Law
C) Dalton's Law
D) Henry's Law
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
44) Gas X makes up 15% of a gas mix, at 760 mm Hg, the partial pressure of gas X would be ________.
A) 11400 mm Hg
B) 1140 mm Hg
C) 114 mm Hg
D) 646 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
45) Increasing the partial pressure of a gas increases the amount of that gas, which will dissolve in a fluid.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
46) The presence of water vapor in the air will reduce the partial pressure of oxygen.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
47) The amount of a given gas dissolved in the blood ________.
A) is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas
B) increases at higher altitudes
C) is described primarily by Boyle's law
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
48) Which law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas?
A) Charles' law
B) Boyle's law
C) Henry's law
D) Laplace's law
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.01 State Dalton's Law and Henry's Law, and relate both laws to the events of external and internal respiration and to the amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide dissolved in plasma.
49) Breathing 100% oxygen will ________.
A) significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues
B) increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells
C) significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood
D) not change the amount of oxygen dissolved in the plasma
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02b Analyze how oxygen and carbon dioxide movements are affected by changes in partial pressure gradients (e.g., at high altitude), surface area, diffusion distance, and solubility and molecular weight of the gases.
50) Breathing 100% oxygen will NOT ________.
A) significantly increase the oxygen delivery to tissues
B) increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells
C) significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood
D) Both increase the amount of oxygen in red blood cells and significantly increase the total oxygen content of whole blood.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02b Analyze how oxygen and carbon dioxide movements are affected by changes in partial pressure gradients (e.g., at high altitude), surface area, diffusion distance, and solubility and molecular weight of the gases.
51) Measurements of arterial PCO2 are used to assess lung function.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02b Analyze how oxygen and carbon dioxide movements are affected by changes in partial pressure gradients (e.g., at high altitude), surface area, diffusion distance, and solubility and molecular weight of the gases.
52) Normal arterial PO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg
B) 46 mm Hg
C) 85 mm Hg
D) 100 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
53) Normal alveolar PO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg
B) 46 mm Hg
C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
54) Normal venous PCO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg
B) 46 mm Hg
C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
55) Normal alveolar PCO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg
B) 46 mm Hg
C) 100 mm Hg
D) 105 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
56) Normal venous PO2 is ________.
A) 40 mm Hg
B) 46 mm Hg
C) 85 mm Hg
D) 100 mm Hg
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
57) The foramen ovale ________.
A) closes after birth due to decreased pulmonary vascular resistance
B) normally shunts blood between the pulmonary artery and aorta
C) normally shunts blood between the right and left ventricles
D) has no importance in fetal respiratory physiology
Section: 16.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system; Fetal blood circulation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.02 Explain how the respiratory system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
58) The ventilation/perfusion ratio ________.
A) is lowest at the apex of the lungs
B) increases when blood flow is decreased
C) decreases when ventilation is increased
D) increases due to dilation of the pulmonary arterioles
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
59) Blood flow is greatest at the ________ of the lungs and perfusion is greatest at the ________ of the lungs.
A) apex; apex
B) apex; base
C) base; base
D) base; apex
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
60) The ventilation/perfusion ratio is ________ at the apex of the lungs.
A) highest
B) lowest
C) the same as the base
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
61) Pulmonary circulation is a ________ resistance and ________ pressure pathway.
A) low; high
B) low; low
C) high; low
D) high; high
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Pulmonic blood circulation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
62) Pulmonary arterioles ________ and system arterioles ________ when PO2 is low.
A) dilate; dilate
B) dilate; constrict
C) constrict; dilate
D) constrict; constrict
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Pulmonic blood circulation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
63) When alveolar ventilation increases, the perfusion of pulmonary arterioles will ________.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain unchanged
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Pulmonic blood circulation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02c Describe the mechanisms of ventilation-perfusion coupling and predict the effect that reduced alveolar ventilation has on pulmonary blood flow and the effect that reduced pulmonary blood flow has on bronchiole diameter and alveolar ventilation.
64) What condition is caused by large amounts of nitrogen dissolving into the blood due to hyperbaric conditions?
A) Nitrogen narcosis
B) Oxygen toxicity
C) Decompression sickness
D) Emphysema
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
65) Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ________.
A) is used to treat nitrogen narcosis
B) exposes patients to high oxygen under low pressure
C) can be used to promote wound healing
D) would increase the time required to recover from decompression sickness
Section: 16.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
66) Decompression sickness is caused by ascending to sea level too quickly which results in bubbles of ________ to form in the blood.
A) oxygen
B) carbon dioxide
C) carbon monoxide
D) nitrogen
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
67) Decompression sickness could occur if an airplane's cabin depressurized at a high altitude.
Section: 16.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
68) Activation of the apneustic center would increase tidal volume.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.01 Describe the locations and functions of the brainstem respiratory centers.
69) Arterial blood pH is indirectly proportional to the partial carbon dioxide pressure of arterial blood.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03d Predict how changing the partial pressure of carbon dioxide will affect the pH and the concentration bicarbonate ions in the plasma.
70) Central chemoreceptors respond to changes in arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.03 Compare and contrast the central and peripheral chemoreceptors.
71) Hypocapnia would induce a rise in the pH of arterial blood.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.02 List and describe the major chemical and neural stimuli to the respiratory centers.
72) Peripheral chemoreceptors that can detect changes in blood pH are located in the ________.
A) medulla oblongata
B) aortic and carotid bodies
C) pons
D) lungs
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.03 Compare and contrast the central and peripheral chemoreceptors.
73) Central chemoreceptors in the medulla oblongata directly detect changes in the pH of the ________.
A) blood
B) cerebrospinal fluid
C) lymph
D) air
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.03 Compare and contrast the central and peripheral chemoreceptors.
74) The primary drive to breathe is elicited by which of the following?
A) reduced PO2
B) reduced PCO2
C) increased PO2
D) increased PCO2
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.02 List and describe the major chemical and neural stimuli to the respiratory centers.
75) What is the condition of having low blood oxygen levels?
A) Hypocapnia
B) Hypercapnia
C) Hypoxia
D) Hypoxemia
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.02 List and describe the major chemical and neural stimuli to the respiratory centers.
76) The rhythmicity center is located in the ________.
A) pons
B) cerebral cortex
C) medulla oblongata
D) midbrain
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.01 Describe the locations and functions of the brainstem respiratory centers.
77) The dorsal respiratory group in the medulla oblongata is involved with ________.
A) inspiration
B) expiration
C) breathing rhythm
D) Both inspiration and expiration are correct.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.01 Describe the locations and functions of the brainstem respiratory centers.
78) The I neurons of the dorsal respiratory group stimulate the ________.
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) phrenic nerve
C) vagus nerve
D) parasympathetic nervous system
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.01 Describe the locations and functions of the brainstem respiratory centers.
79) Hyperventilation is stimulated by ________.
A) increased activity of the apneustic center
B) decreased contraction of the scalenes
C) hypercapnia
D) hypoxemia
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.04 Define hyperventilation, hypoventilation, panting, eupnea, hyperpnea and apnea.
80) What type of receptors in the wall of the larynx and lungs, cause a person to cough in response to components of smoke and smog?
A) Aortic bodies
B) Pulmonary stretch receptors
C) Medullary chemoreceptors
D) Irritant receptors
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
81) Limits on stretching the lungs are due to the ________.
A) Haldane effect
B) law of Laplace
C) Hering-Breuer reflex
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.05
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M07.05 Explain why it is possible to hold one's breath longer after hyperventilating than after eupnea.
82) Which of the following conditions is characterized by high red blood cell counts?
A) Anemia
B) Polycythemia
C) Uremia
D) Leukemia
Section: 16.06
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.02 Explain how the respiratory system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
83) Renal production of ________ is stimulated by hypoxemia.
A) renin
B) colony-stimulating factor
C) erythropoietin
D) thrombopoietin
Section: 16.06
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation; Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.02 Explain how the respiratory system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
84) If PO2 and hemoglobin content of blood is normal, how much oxygen is the blood carrying?
A) 0.3 mL O2/ 100 mL blood
B) 10 mL O2/ 100 mL blood
C) 20 mL O2/ 100 mL blood
D) 35 mL O2/ 100 mL blood
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
85) The form of hemoglobin with iron in an oxidized state is ________.
A) oxyhemoglobin
B) deoxyhemoglobin
C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
86) The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and bonded to oxygen is ________.
A) oxyhemoglobin
B) deoxyhemoglobin
C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
87) The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and not bonded to oxygen is ________.
A) oxyhemoglobin
B) deoxyhemoglobin
C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
88) The form of hemoglobin with iron in a reduced state and bonded to carbon monoxide is ________.
A) oxyhemoglobin
B) deoxyhemoglobin
C) methemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
89) Carbon monoxide is lethal because it ________.
A) reduces CO2 and slows breathing
B) increases CO2 and causes seizures
C) binds hemoglobin, preventing oxygen binding
D) increases oxygen unloading at the cells
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
90) The formation of oxyhemoglobin from deoxyhemoglobin at the lungs is called an unloading reaction.
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
91) The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is ________ as the partial pressure of oxygen is raised.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) unchanged
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01b State the reversible chemical equation for oxygen binding to hemoglobin and predict how raising or lowering the partial pressure of oxygen will shift the equilibrium.
92) What is the normal value of arterial percent hemoglobin saturation?
A) 100%
B) 97%
C) 90%
D) 86%
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Functional roles of formed elements of the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02a Interpret the curve at low and high partial pressures of oxygen.
93) An increase in body temperature, as in a fever, would make oxygen more readily available to cells.
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
94) The Bohr effect describes the ________.
A) effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
B) effect of pH on the affinity of hemoglobin for carbon dioxide
C) mechanism of ventilation
D) effect of solubility on the amount of gas dissolved in blood
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
95) At rest, normal oxygen unloading is ________.
A) 97%
B) 75%
C) 39%
D) 22%
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.03b Explain the factors that maintain oxygen and carbon dioxide gradients between blood and tissue cells.
96) According to the Bohr effect, as pH is lowered, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen ________.
A) increases
B) decreases
C) remains unchanged
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
97) Tissues receive more O2 when the pH is lowered.
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
98) When tissues are producing more CO2 through increased metabolic activity, less O2 is provided to those tissues.
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
99) A decrease in temperature ________.
A) will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the right
B) will shift the oxygen dissociation curve to the left
C) will not shift the oxygen dissociation curve
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues; Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02c List factors that shift the curve up and to the left, and explain how this facilitates oxygen binding to hemoglobin in the lungs.
100) An increase in 2,3-diphosphoglyceric acid (2,3-DPG) will ________ the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) have no effect on
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
101) Hemoglobin F ________.
A) has a lower affinity for oxygen than hemoglobin A
B) contains two alpha and two gamma chains
C) binds large amounts of 2,3-DPG
D) is increased in sickle-cell anemia
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02d Describe the oxygen-fetal hemoglobin saturation curve and its impact on oxygen delivery to fetal tissues.
102) 2,3-DPG comes from ________.
A) aerobic respiration in red blood cells
B) anaerobic respiration in red blood cells
C) type II alveolar cells
D) tissues with high amounts of oxygen
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
103) In anemia, 2,3-DPG is ________ and oxygen affinity is ________.
A) decreased; decreased
B) decreased; increased
C) increased; increased
D) increased; decreased
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
104) Which of the following will decrease the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen?
A) Decreased pH, decreased temperature, or decreased 2,3-DPG
B) Decreased pH, increased temperature, or increased 2,3-DPG
C) Increased pH, increased temperature, or decreased 2,3-DPG
D) Increased pH, decreased temperature, or increased 2,3-DPG
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
105) A family of hemoglobin diseases found primarily in people of Mediterranean ancestry is ________.
A) thalassemia
B) sickle-cell anemia
C) myoglobinemia
D) leukemia
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
106) What disease is characterized by the abnormal hemoglobin S?
A) Sickle cell anemia
B) Thalassemia
C) Cystic fibrosis
D) Emphysema
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
107) Myoglobin binds to more oxygen molecules than hemoglobin.
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01a Describe the ways in which oxygen is transported in blood and discuss the relative importance of each to total oxygen transport.
108) The highest oxygen affinity is demonstrated by ________.
A) hemoglobin A
B) hemoglobin F
C) myoglobin
D) hemoglobin S
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.01a Describe the ways in which oxygen is transported in blood and discuss the relative importance of each to total oxygen transport.
109) Imagine that erythrocytes were no longer able to utilize the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. Given its action, a decrease in the pH of arterial blood would be expected.
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03b State the reversible chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid and then to hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion.
110) The exchange of chloride ions for bicarbonate through tissue capillaries is called the ________.
A) chloride shift
B) Bohr effect
C) oxygen toxicity
D) acidosis
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03g Explain how each of the following relates to carbon dioxide transport: carbonic anhydrase, hydrogen ions binding to hemoglobin and plasma proteins, the chloride ion shift, and the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation level.
111) The majority of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as ________.
A) dissolved carbon dioxide in the blood
B) bicarbonate ion
C) carbaminohemoglobin
D) carboxyhemoglobin
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03a Describe the ways in which carbon dioxide is transported in blood and discuss the relative importance of each to total carbon dioxide transport.
112) The enzyme ________ catalyzes the formation of H2CO3 from CO2 and water.
A) renin
B) nitric oxide synthase
C) lactate dehydrogenase
D) carbonic anhydrase
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03b State the reversible chemical equation for the reaction of carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid and then to hydrogen ion and bicarbonate ion.
113) Carbon dioxide ________ oxygen unloading and oxygen unloading ________ carbon dioxide transport.
A) increases; improves
B) increases; worsens
C) decreases; improves
D) decreases; worsens
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03f State the reversible chemical equation for carbon dioxide binding to deoxyhemoglobin and predict how changing carbon dioxide concentrations will affect deoxyhemoglobin levels in the tissues and the lungs.
114) Where does the reverse chloride shift occur?
A) Tissue capillaries
B) Pulmonary capillaries
C) Arterioles
D) Venules
Section: 16.07
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.03g Explain how each of the following relates to carbon dioxide transport: carbonic anhydrase, hydrogen ions binding to hemoglobin and plasma proteins, the chloride ion shift, and the oxygen-hemoglobin saturation level.
115) Respiratory acidosis results from hyperventilation.
Section: 16.08
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.02 Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulation of blood pH and predict how hypo- and hyperventilation will affect blood pH.
116) Hypoventilation can correct ________.
A) metabolic acidosis
B) respiratory acidosis
C) metabolic alkalosis
D) respiratory alkalosis
Section: 16.08
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Control of pulmonary ventilation; Buffer systems and their roles in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.02 Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulation of blood pH and predict how hypo- and hyperventilation will affect blood pH.
117) The affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen ________.
A) is greater than the affinity for carbon monoxide
B) is increased in methemoglobin
C) decreases as the height above sea level increases
D) is increased in response to metabolic alkalosis
Section: 16.08
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.02b With respect to the oxygen-hemoglobin curve, list the factors that shift the curve up and to the left, and explain how this facilitates oxygen binding to hemoglobin in the lungs.
118) The metabolic regulation of blood pH occurs in ________.
A) the lungs
B) the liver
C) the kidneys
D) all organs
Section: 16.08
Topic: Buffer systems and their roles in acid-base balance; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.02 Explain how the respiratory system relates to other body systems to maintain homeostasis.
119) Metabolic alkalosis ________.
A) may be caused by excessive vomiting
B) occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen is decreased
C) occurs when arterial pH is less than 7.4
D) is induced by hypoventilation
Section: 16.08
Topic: Buffer systems and their roles in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.02 Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulation of blood pH and predict how hypo- and hyperventilation will affect blood pH.; Q08.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the respiratory system that could disrupt homeostasis.
120) A pH above 7.45 is considered ________.
A) acidosis
B) alkalosis
C) normal
D) metabolic
Section: 16.08
Topic: Buffer systems and their roles in acid-base balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q06.02 Describe the role of the respiratory system in regulation of blood pH and predict how hypo- and hyperventilation will affect blood pH.
121) Which of the following changes would occur during exercise?
A) Increased blood gases
B) Decreased ventilation
C) Decreased oxygen delivery to muscles
D) Increased oxygen extraction by muscles
Section: 16.08
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
122) The immediate increase in ventilation as exercise begins can be explained through both neurogenic and humoral responses.
Section: 16.09
Topic: Control of pulmonary ventilation
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
123) Many athletes train at higher altitudes immediately prior to an athletic competition. Select the scenario that correctly identifies how acclimatization to a higher elevation would improve endurance performance.
A) A hypoxic ventilatory response occurs that remains in place for a few weeks after returning to a lower altitude.
B) Hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen will increase; therefore, tissues will receive more oxygen during exercise.
C) Increased ventilation at the higher altitudes will improve tidal volume when returning to the lower altitude.
D) Erythropoietin release will increase; consequently, the athlete will have a greater aerobic capacity when returning to the lower altitude.
Section: 16.09
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
124) Acclimatization to altitude ________.
A) stimulates increased blood cell synthesis
B) decreases ventilation
C) increases the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 16.09
Topic: Mechanisms of gas transport in the blood
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the respiratory system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
125) If a disease occurred that increased hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen, tissues would receive inadequate oxygen.
Section: 16.09
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M06.02b List factors that shift the curve down and to the right, and explain how this results in increased oxygen delivery to the tissues.
126) During muscular contractions associated with inhalation, what would happen if intrapleural pressure were to be less than intrapulmonary pressure?
A) Lung volume would remain unchanged
B) Thoracic volume increase with lung collapse
C) Thoracic volume increase with lung inflation
D) Thoracic volume decrease with lung collapse
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that normally oppose or prevent collapse.
127) Evaluate the pulmonary pressures provided, and determine what portion of the respiratory cycle is represented.
Transpulmonary pressure = 6 mmHg
Intrapleural pressure = 667 mmHg
Atmospheric pressure = 670 mmHg
Intrapulmonary pressure = 673 mmHg
A) Lung volume is unchanged
B) Normal inspiration
C) Normal expiration
D) Thoracic volume increase with lung collapse
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.; M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that normally oppose or prevent collapse.
128) Given the pressures listed, identify the respiratory event being measured.
Transpulmonary pressure = 15 mmHg
Intrapleural pressure = 765 mmHg
Atmospheric pressure = 755 mmHg
Intrapulmonary pressure = 750 mmHg
A) Tidal inspiration
B) Forced inspiration
C) Forced expiration
D) Tidal expiration
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.03 Define and state relative values for atmospheric pressure, intrapulmonary pressure, intrapleural pressure, and transpulmonary pressure.; M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that normally oppose or prevent collapse.
129) In assessing a mechanical prototype to demonstrate lung function, it is suggested that the final version of synthetic lung material will need to be easier to inflate and easier to deflate in order to be cost effective. Which will need to be true?
A) More compliant and less elastic
B) Less compliant and less elastic
C) More compliant and more elastic
D) Less compliant and more elastic
Section: 16.02
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.05 Explain how each of the following affect pulmonary ventilation: bronchiolar smooth muscle contractions, lung and thoracic wall compliance and recoil, and pulmonary surfactant and alveolar surface tension.; M03.06 Describe the forces that tend to collapse the lungs and those that normally oppose or prevent collapse.
130) Due to acute trauma and resulting damage of the diaphragm, the ________ will need to become more active in order to aid someone during ________.
A) sternocleidomastoid and parasternal muscles; expiration
B) external intercostals; expiration
C) scalenes and pectoralis minor; inspiration
D) rectus abdominis; inspiration
Section: 16.03
Topic: Mechanisms of pulmonary ventilation; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M03.02 Identify the muscles used during quiet inspiration, during forced inspiration, and during forced expiration, as well as the nerves responsible for stimulating those muscles.
131) Rebecca's inspiratory reserve volume = 5, vital capacity = 8, residual volume = 1, and expiratory reserve volume = 2. Her tidal volume would be equal to ________ and her total lung capacity would be ________.
A) 2; 10
B) 3; 7
C) 1; 9
D) 1; 13
E) Unable to determine with the given data.
Section: 16.03
Topic: Pulmonary air volumes and capacities
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M04.01 Define, identify, and determine values for the respiratory volumes (IRV, TV, ERV, and RV) and the respiratory capacities (IC, FRC, VC, and TLC).
132) The normal partial pressure differences between inspired air and alveolar gas for O2, CO2, H2O, and N2 can be explained because of ________.
A) net movements of CO2, O2, and H2O into the alveoli from blood capillaries
B) net movements of CO2 toward the alveoli with net movements of O2 and H2O into the capillaries
C) net movements of CO2 toward the alveoli, O2 toward the alveoli, and H2O is added along the respiratory tract
D) net movement of CO2 and N2 toward the alveoli and H2O movements toward the alveoli as respiratory water
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
133) You open a can of carbonated soda and pour it into a glass. The carbon dioxide formed bubbles because the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the air above the soda ________, a process explained by ________ Law.
A) decreased; Dalton's
B) increased; Charles'
C) decreased; Henry's
D) increased Boyle's
Section: 16.04
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.02a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.; M05.02b Analyze how oxygen and carbon dioxide movements are affected by changes in partial pressure gradients (e.g., at high altitude), surface area, diffusion distance, and solubility and molecular weight of the gases.
134) Assuming you have normal respiratory function at sea level, start holding your breath. Which of the following could be true in 60 seconds?
A) Venous PO2 = 50 mmHg
B) The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is shifting to the left
C) Arterial PCO2 = 50 mmHg
D) Alveolar PO2 = 105 mmHg
Section: 16.06
Topic: Mechanisms of gas exchange in the lungs and tissues
Bloom's: 5. Evaluate
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: M05.03a Describe oxygen and carbon dioxide concentration gradients and net gas movements.
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Connected Book
Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski