Ch14 – Cardiac Output & BP | Test Bank – 15e - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 14 Cardiac Output, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure
1) Cardiac output increases as heart rate increases.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01c Predict how changes in heart rate (HR) and/or stroke volume (SV) will affect cardiac output (CO).
2) Under resting conditions, all of the body's blood is pumped through the left ventricle in one minute.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Systemic blood circulation
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01a Define cardiac output, and state its units of measurement.
3) If someone's cardiac output is 4.5 liters per minute, their heart rate may be 90 beats per minute, with a stroke volume of 50 ml.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01a Define cardiac output, and state its units of measurement.
4) What is the average resting heart rate for an adult?
A) 60 beats/min
B) 70 beats/min
C) 75 beats/min
D) 80 beats/min
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01b Define cardiac output, and state its units of measurement.
5) Cardiac output is equal to ________.
A) stroke volume − cardiac rate
B) stroke volume / cardiac rate
C) stroke volume + cardiac rate
D) stroke volume × cardiac rate
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01a Define cardiac output, and state its units of measurement.
6) Norepinephrine is released from ________ neurons, causing heart rate to ________.
A) parasympathetic; increase
B) parasympathetic; decrease
C) sympathetic; increase
D) sympathetic; decrease
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.; K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.
7) Norepinephrine and epinephrine open ________ channels inducing a faster diastolic depolarization.
A) voltage-gated Ca2+
B) fast Ca2+
C) HCN
D) fast Na+
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.; K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.
8) What type of receptors do norepinephrine and epinephrine bind in the heart?
A) β1-adrenergic
B) α-adrenergic
C) Muscarinic
D) Nicotinic
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.; K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.
9) What keeps the HCN channels open?
A) G-proteins
B) cAMP
C) ATP
D) Ca2+
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.
10) Acetylcholine binds to ________ receptors of the heart and causes the opening of ________ channels.
A) muscarinic; K+
B) nicotinic; K+
C) muscarinic; Na+
D) nicotinic; Na+
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.
11) If acetylcholine binds to its receptors in the heart, there would be ________ in heart rate.
A) an increase
B) a decrease
C) no change
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.; K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.
12) If blood pressure elevated upon measurement, it is an indication that stroke volume must also be increased.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
13) Imagine a patient with a stiff, non-compliant left ventricle is prescribed a medication that acts as an agonist to norepinephrine. The medication would be effective because ________.
A) heart rate would increase, compensating for the reduced stroke volume
B) heart rate would decrease, reducing the workload on the heart
C) blood pressure would increase, moving blood through the circulatory system more rapidly
D) cardiac output would increase, forcing the ventricle to become more compliant
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.; K11.02d Discuss the influence of positive and negative inotropic agents on stroke volume (SV).
14) Sympathetic stimulation of the heart will ________.
A) increase the rate of depolarization in the ventricles
B) increase conduction rate between the SA and AV nodes
C) increase the strength of myocardial contraction
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram; Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.
15) The cardiac control center of the ________ coordinates the autonomic innervation of the heart.
A) pons
B) cerebrum
C) medulla oblongata
D) midbrain
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K09.01d Describe the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of cardiac function related to the conduction system of the heart.
16) The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole is known as the ________.
A) after-load
B) pre-diastolic volume (PDV)
C) stroke volume (SV)
D) end-diastolic volume (EDV)
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02a Define end diastolic volume (EDV) and end systolic volume (ESV) and calculate stroke volume (SV) given values for EDV and ESV.
17) The ejection fraction is ________.
A) the ratio of stroke volume to end diastolic volume
B) the ratio of end diastolic volume to end systolic volume
C) increased by parasympathetic agonists
D) decreased by sympathetic agonists
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
18) Stroke volume is affected by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) total peripheral resistance
B) emotional stress
C) cardiac contractility
D) end diastolic volume (EDV)
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02c Explain the significance of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart.
19) According to the Frank-Starling Law of the heart, as contraction strength increases the stroke volume ________.
A) decreases
B) increases
C) shows no change
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02c Explain the significance of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart.
20) As cardiac muscle is stretched, it contracts less forcibly.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02c Explain the significance of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart.
21) Stroke volume is directly proportional to ________.
A) preload
B) contractility
C) total peripheral resistance
D) Both preload and contractility are correct.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
22) Stroke volume is inversely proportional to ________.
A) preload
B) contractility
C) total peripheral resistance
D) Both preload and contractility are correct.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
23) Preload is the amount of blood in the ventricles right before they begin to contract.
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
24) In response to increased ventricular filling, ________.
A) total peripheral resistance increases
B) sympathetic nerves release norepinephrine
C) myocardial cells stretch
D) myocardial contractility in decreases
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
25) Muscle length has a more pronounced effect on contraction strength in cardiac muscle than in skeletal muscle. This is because cardiac muscle has a greater sensitivity to ________.
A) depolarization
B) lactic acid
C) calcium
D) parasympathetic antagonists
Section: 14.01
Topic: Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram; Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
26) Cardiac output would be increased by ________.
A) sympathetic antagonists
B) parasympathetic agonists
C) negative inotropic agents
D) positive chronotropic agents
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Neurotransmitters and their role in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.03a Discuss the influence of positive and negative chronotropic agents on HR.
27) Venous return is increased by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) exhalation
B) the skeletal muscle pump
C) hypertension
D) sympathetic stimulation of the veins
Section: 14.01
Topic: Venous blood return
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
28) The ability to distend with pressure increases is called ________.
A) chronotropism
B) oncotism
C) inotropism
D) compliance
Section: 14.01
Topic: Anatomy and functional roles of blood vessel types; Venous blood return
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.02b Correlate the anatomical structure of each type of blood vessel with its function.
29) Oncotic pressure is the difference between the colloid osmotic pressure of the plasma and the colloid osmotic pressure of tissue fluid.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.
30) The ________ is equal to the hydrostatic pressure of the blood in the capillaries minus the hydrostatic pressure of tissue interstitial fluid outside the capillaries.
A) net filtration pressure
B) blood pressure
C) osmotic pressure
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.
31) How much of the total body water is generally found in the blood plasma?
A) 67%
B) 33%
C) 26.3%
D) 6.7%
Section: 14.02
Topic: Composition of blood plasma; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K02.01 Describe the overall composition of plasma, including the major types of plasma proteins, their functions and where in the body they are produced.
32) Net filtration would be decreased by ________.
A) liver damage
B) increased hepatic protein synthesis
C) hypotension
D) increased cellular metabolism
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.
33) Edema would be induced by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) hypertension
B) protein malnutrition
C) lymphatic blockage
D) hyperthyroidism
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; General functions of the lymphatic system and lymph
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07d Relate net filtration pressure to potential edema and the need for a functional lymphatic system.
34) Elephantiasis is caused by ________.
A) decreased plasma protein concentration
B) obstruction of lymphatic drainage
C) high arterial blood pressure
D) myxedema
Section: 14.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the lymphatic system; Pathways of lymphatic drainage
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07d Relate net filtration pressure to potential edema and the need for a functional lymphatic system.; K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.; L12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the lymphatic and immune systems could not maintain homeostasis.
35) The opposing forces that affect fluid movements across a capillary are known as ________.
A) oncotic pressures
B) starling forces
C) colloid osmotic pressures
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.; K11.02c Explain the significance of the Frank-Starling Law of the heart.
36) Hydrostatic pressure is ________ and colloid osmotic pressure is ________ at the arterial end of a capillary.
A) higher; higher
B) higher; lower
C) lower; lower
D) lower; higher
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.
37) What is the main force that causes fluids to enter the venous end of a capillary?
A) Hydrostatic pressure in the capillary
B) Hydrostatic force in the interstitial fluid
C) Colloid osmotic pressure in the capillary (blood plasma)
D) Colloid osmotic pressure in the interstitial fluid
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.07c Describe how net filtration pressure across the capillary wall determines movement of fluid across the capillary wall.
38) How much filtrate do the kidneys produce per day?
A) 10 L
B) 50 L
C) 110 L
D) 180 L
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; General functions of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q07.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of fluid volume in the body.
39) How much kidney filtrate is reabsorbed back into the vascular system?
A) 100%
B) 98–99%
C) 75–80%
D) 50–60%
Section: 14.02
Topic: Capillary exchange; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; General functions of the urinary system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: Q07.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of fluid volume in the body.
40) An increase in blood volume in the left atrium will ________ ADH secretion.
A) stimulate
B) inhibit
C) have no effect on
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
41) Vasopressin induces renal water ________.
A) secretion
B) excretion
C) filtration
D) reabsorption
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
42) The steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, which stimulates salt reabsorption in the kidneys is ________.
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) renin
D) angiotensin
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of urine volume and composition; Hormones of other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
43) A patient is diagnosed with a tumor that is causing excessive secretion of renin. Given this, hypertension is an expected result.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; Regulation of urine volume and composition
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
44) Angiotensin I is formed from the plasma protein ________ by the action of the enzyme ________.
A) angiotensin II; renin
B) angiotensinogen; ACE
C) angiotensinogen; renin
D) renin; ACE
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.; Q07.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of fluid volume in the body.
45) Which of the following is NOT a mechanism by which angiotensin II raises blood pressure?
A) Stimulating the thirst center in the hypothalamus
B) Stimulating production of aldosterone
C) Causing vasodilation in arterioles
D) Increasing peripheral resistance
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
46) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors like captopril block the formation of angiotensin II, thus reducing ________.
A) vasodilation
B) renal reabsorption
C) vasoconstriction
D) renal excretion
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
47) The hormone atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) functions antagonistically to ________.
A) ADH
B) aldosterone
C) angiotensin I
D) glucocorticoids
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
48) Blood volume would be increased by ________.
A) decreased vasopressin secretion
B) decreased aldosterone secretion
C) increased renin secretion
D) increased atrial natriuretic factor secretion
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
49) Hypotension could be induced by excessive ________ secretion.
A) renin
B) antidiuretic hormone
C) aldosterone
D) atrial natriuretic factor
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
50) Immersion in water will lead to increased diuresis.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
51) At rest, blood flow is greatest in the ________.
A) skin and GI tract
B) brain and liver
C) GI tract and liver
D) kidneys and skin
Section: 14.03
Topic: Hepatic portal blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
52) For blood to flow, there must be a pressure difference in different parts of the vascular system.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.01 Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins and arterioles and venules.; K14.01 Define blood flow, blood pressure, and peripheral resistance.
53) Tripling blood vessel radius would increase blood flow 64-fold.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.02 State and interpret the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance.
54) A decrease in total peripheral resistance would cause blood flow to ________.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain unchanged
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.02 State and interpret the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance.
55) Increased blood flow resistance is caused by ________.
A) increased blood vessel length
B) decreased blood viscosity
C) vasodilation
D) increased blood pressure
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.02 State and interpret the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance.
56) Blood flow is increased by ________.
A) hypotension
B) vasodilation
C) vasoconstriction
D) edema
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.02 State and interpret the equation that relates blood flow to pressure and resistance.
57) Sympathetic stimulation promotes an overall increase in blood flow resistance.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
58) ADH would be considered a(n) ________ regulator of blood flow.
A) intrinsic
B) extrinsic
C) hormonal
D) Both extrinsic and hormonal are correct.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
59) Sympathetic stimulation of cholinergic fibers in the arterioles of skeletal muscle will produce ________.
A) vasoconstriction
B) vasodilation
C) no effect
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
60) Blood flow would be increased by ________.
A) histamines
B) antihistamines
C) thromboxane A2
D) angiotensin II
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
61) Nitric oxide (NO) causes ________.
A) vasoconstriction
B) vasodilation
C) no effect
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10c List some chemicals that cause vasodilation and explain when they are active in relation to autoregulation.
62) Nitroglycerine causes vasodilation of blood vessels due to its effects on levels of ________.
A) histamine
B) bradykinin
C) nitric oxide
D) prostacyclin
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10c List some chemicals that cause vasodilation and explain when they are active in relation to autoregulation.
63) Endothelin causes ________.
A) vasoconstriction
B) vasodilation
C) no effect
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10c List some chemicals that cause vasodilation and explain when they are active in relation to autoregulation.
64) If the concentration of hydrogen ions increased in a particular tissue, you would expect the blood vessels that supply that tissue to constrict, to prevent the ions from entering surrounds tissues.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
65) Intrinsic regulation of blood flow provides localized control of peripheral resistance.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
66) Vascular smooth muscle can directly respond to changes in pressure. This type of control is called ________.
A) metabolic
B) extrinsic
C) vasogenic
D) myogenic
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
67) Vasodilation is induced by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) increased tissue carbon dioxide
B) decreased tissue metabolism
C) decreased tissue oxygen
D) increased extracellular K+
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10c List some chemicals that cause vasodilation and explain when they are active in relation to autoregulation.
68) Reactive hyperemia is ________.
A) increased blood flow due to increased metabolism
B) increased blood flow after removal of constriction due to accumulated metabolic products
C) increased blood flow due to sepsis
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.03
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
69) During diastole, blood flow in in the arteries supplying the cardiac muscle tissue decreases.
Section: 14.04
Topic: Coronary blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
70) What allows cardiac muscle to have sufficient oxygen during systole?
A) Large amount of myoglobin
B) Many mitochondria
C) Many aerobic enzymes
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.04
Topic: Coronary blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K06.06 Identify myocardium and describe its histological structure, including the significance of intercalated discs.; K13.02a Trace blood flow through the coronary circulation from the aorta to the right atrium.
71) Coronary bypass surgery is performed ________.
A) to limit myocardial ischemia
B) to decrease blood pressure
C) to correct an aneurysm
D) to limit blood flow into a damaged coronary artery
Section: 14.04
Topic: Coronary blood circulation; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
72) Which type of muscle has the greatest capillary density?
A) Skeletal
B) Smooth
C) Cardiac
Section: 14.04
Topic: Coronary blood circulation; Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K06.06 Identify myocardium and describe its histological structure, including the significance of intercalated discs.
73) During maximal exercise, the skeletal muscles can receive as much as ________ of the total blood flow.
A) 35%
B) 45%
C) 65%
D) 85%
Section: 14.04
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.03 Describe the role of arterioles in regulating tissue blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure.
74) Control of blood flow to skeletal muscles during exercise is mainly under ________ control.
A) intrinsic metabolic
B) intrinsic myogenic
C) extrinsic metabolic
D) hormonal
Section: 14.04
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
75) During exercise, all of the following occur EXCEPT ________.
A) increased systolic blood pressure
B) increased cardiac output
C) increased oncotic pressure
D) visceral vasoconstriction
Section: 14.04
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
76) Cardiovascular changes resulting from moderate exercise include ________.
A) increased total peripheral resistance
B) increased blood flow to the skin
C) increased visceral blood flow
D) decreased stroke volume
Section: 14.04
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
77) During moderate exercise cerebral blood flow ________.
A) increases slightly
B) decreases slightly
C) remains unchanged
D) increases significantly
Section: 14.04
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
78) End-diastolic volume is decreased during exercise because of the increased heart rate, which limits the time for the ventricle to fill.
Section: 14.04
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
79) Blood flow in the brain changes as blood pressure changes.
Section: 14.05
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10a Explain how autoregulation controls blood flow to individual tissues.
80) Dizziness during hyperventilation is due to a decrease in cerebral blood flow. The decreased blood flow is caused by ________.
A) vasodilation
B) decreased stroke volume
C) vasoconstriction
D) decreased respiration
Section: 14.05
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
81) In response to increased internal temperature, blood flow to the skin will ________.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain unchanged
Section: 14.05
Topic: Systemic blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
82) When the arteriovenous anastomoses are stimulated by sympathetic nerve fibers, the superficial capillary loops are ________.
A) engorged with blood
B) collapsed
C) by passed
D) not affected
Section: 14.05
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.06 Define anastomosis and explain the significance of anastomoses, such as the Circle of Willis.
83) Sweat glands can also secrete ________, which stimulates vasodilation of skin arterioles to help reduce body temperature.
A) nitric oxide
B) prostaglandin E2
C) bradykinin
D) adenosine
Section: 14.05
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Functions of accessory skin structures
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.10d List some chemicals that cause vasoconstriction and explain when they are active in relation to autoregulation.
84) Arterial blood pressure is influenced by ________.
A) vasoconstriction in the peripheral arterioles
B) increased heart rate
C) increased stroke volume
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.06
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.03 Describe the role of arterioles in regulating tissue blood flow and systemic arterial blood pressure.
85) If cardiac output increases, the peripheral resistance must ________ for arterial blood pressure to remain constant.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) no change
Section: 14.06
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
86) Which blood vessels have the highest cross-sectional area?
A) Veins
B) Arterioles
C) Venules
D) Capillaries
Section: 14.06
Topic: Anatomy and functional roles of blood vessel types
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.04b Correlate the anatomical structure of capillaries with their functions.
87) Which blood vessels have the lowest pressure?
A) Veins
B) Arterioles
C) Venules
D) Capillaries
Section: 14.06
Topic: Anatomy and functional roles of blood vessel types; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.02b Correlate the anatomical structure of veins with their function.
88) The larger the cross-sectional area of a type of vessel, the higher the blood pressure.
Section: 14.06
Topic: Anatomy and functional roles of blood vessel types; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K12.01 Compare and contrast the structure of arteries and veins and arterioles and venules.
89) Inhibition of the baroreceptor reflex would prevent proper regulation of all but ________.
A) heart rate
B) stroke volume
C) respiratory rate
D) blood pressure
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
90) A failure of blood pressure to increase upon standing is known as ________.
A) postural hypotension
B) postural bradycardia
C) postural tachycardia
D) postural atherosclerosis
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.; K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
91) Increased blood pressure stimulates ________.
A) decreased outflow from the baroreceptors
B) decreased sympathetic outflow to the heart
C) decreased parasympathetic outflow to the heart
D) postural hypotension
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Functions of the autonomic nervous system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
92) If the vagus nerve was damaged or absent, you would expect ________.
A) a decrease in heart rate
B) a decrease in cardiac output
C) an increase in blood pressure
D) an increase in the responsiveness of the baroreceptor reflex
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; Functions of the autonomic nervous system; Structure and function of cranial nerves
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
93) Expanded blood volume stimulates stretch receptors in the atria of the heart, causing increased secretion of ________.
A) atrial natriuretic peptide
B) aldosterone
C) epinephrine
D) parasympathetic antagonists
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
94) If atrial stretch receptors are stimulated, you would NOT expect ________ as a result.
A) decreased vascular volume
B) increased secretion of ANP
C) decreased water excretion
D) inhibition of ADH
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
95) The last Korotkoff sound occurs when the blood pressure is equal to ________ pressure.
A) atmospheric
B) systolic
C) diastolic
D) pulmonary
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K10.06 Relate the heart sounds to the events of the cardiac cycle.
96) The sounds heard during the first phase of blood-pressure measurement are ________.
A) murmurs
B) snapping sounds
C) thumping sounds
D) muffled thumping sounds
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K10.06 Relate the heart sounds to the events of the cardiac cycle.
97) There is no mixing of blood layers or sounds from vessels during ________ flow.
A) turbulent
B) Korotkoff
C) laminar
D) restricted
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.01 Define blood flow, blood pressure, and peripheral resistance.
98) Pulmonary blood pressure is higher than arterial blood pressure because the blood flows a shorter distance.
Section: 14.06
Topic: Pulmonary blood circulation; Coronary blood circulation; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.05 Using a graph of pressures within the systemic circuit, interpret the pressure changes that occur in the arteries, capillaries, and veins.
99) Pulse pressure is the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
Section: 14.06
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.06 Given values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, calculate pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
100) As age increases, the maximum cardiac rate will ________.
A) increase
B) decrease
C) remain unchanged
Section: 14.07
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Effects of aging on the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.01c Predict how changes in heart rate (HR) and/or stroke volume (SV) will affect cardiac output (CO).; K15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
101) The mean arterial pressure of a person with a blood pressure of 128/68 would be ________.
A) 20
B) 60
C) 68
D) 88
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.06 Given values for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, calculate pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).
102) Hypertension increases afterload, making it more difficult for the ventricles to eject blood.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
103) Primary hypertension results as a complication of another disease.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
104) An effective treatment for hypertension may include beta 1-receptor antagonists as well as diuretics.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
105) Essential hypertension may result from ________.
A) a diet high in sodium
B) decreased ADH secretion
C) decreased sympathetic vasoconstriction
D) decreased release of endothelin
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
106) A patient is diagnosed with secondary hypertension. This may result from ________.
A) a renin secreting tumor
B) an atrial natriuretic factor secreting tumor
C) an aldosterone antagonist
D) an epinephrine antagonist
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.; K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.
107) Hypertension can be treated by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) ACE inhibitors
B) calcium channel blockers
C) diuretics
D) sympathetic agonists
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.; K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.
108) Hypertension may cause ________.
A) increased afterload
B) hypertrophy of the ventricles and valve defects
C) broken capillaries in tissues and organs
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the cardiovascular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
109) A person with a decreased blood pressure, rapid pulse, and cold clammy skin would be suffering from ________.
A) peripheral edema
B) hypovolemic shock
C) myocardial ischemia
D) atherosclerosis
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
110) Dangerously low blood pressure that results from infection is ________ shock.
A) septic
B) anaphylactic
C) neurogenic
D) cardiogenic
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
111) Which is NOT a symptom of preeclampsia?
A) Hypertension
B) Proteinuria
C) Edema
D) Increased vasodilation
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; Clinical applications of the reproductive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
112) The type of shock resulting from lipopolysaccharides is termed ________ shock.
A) hypovolemic
B) cardiogenic
C) septic
D) neurogenic
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
113) Cardiogenic shock can result from ________.
A) myocardial infarction
B) increased cardiac output
C) increased sympathetic outflow to the heart
D) parasympathetic antagonists
Section: 14.07
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
114) During congestive heart failure ________.
A) high blood K+ causes cardiac arrest in systole
B) high blood Ca2+ causes cardiac arrest in systole
C) blood pools in front of the affected ventricle
D) renin secretion is stimulated
Section: 14.07
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.
115) Left side heart failure may be caused by ________.
A) myocardial infarction
B) aortic valve stenosis
C) incompetent aortic and mitral valves
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand; 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.; K08.03 Explain the major factors that aid in movement of blood through the heart and produce one-way flow.
116) After several tests are performed, a patient is diagnosed with left-sided heart failure. Signs and symptoms in her history and testing should include ________.
A) difficulty breathing
B) feelings of fatigue upon exertion
C) decreased cardiac output
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 14.07
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K16.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the cardiovascular system could not maintain homeostasis.; K08.03 Explain the major factors that aid in movement of blood through the heart and produce one-way flow.
117) The ejection fraction for an individual whose stroke volume is 45 ml of blood would be ________. This would ________ meet the body's demand for blood flow.
A) 60%; adequately
B) 40%; inadequately
C) 75%; adequately
D) 10%; inadequately
Section: 14.01
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K11.02b Define venous return, preload and afterload, and explain the factors that affect them as well as how each of them affects EDV, ESV and SV.
118) Which of the following accounts for the increased osmolality with prolonged exercise in a hot environment?
A) The increased production of aldosterone leads to an increase in the blood osmolality.
B) The osmoreceptors trigger the thirst mechanism, triggering an increase in blood osmolality.
C) The decreased blood volume due to increased sweating and lack of water intake increase the blood osmolality.
D) ADH production triggers the increased reabsorption of water in renal tubules trigger the increase in blood osmolality.
Section: 14.02
Topic: Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system; Regulation of water balance
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11d Explain the role of hormones in regulation of blood pressure, including the mechanism by which specific hormones affect preload, heart rate, inotropic state or vascular resistance.; Q07.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular, endocrine, and urinary systems respond to maintain homeostasis of fluid volume in the body.; K15.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the cardiovascular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
119) Increased baroreceptor response will lead to which of the following homeostatic responses?
A) Decreased total peripheral resistance
B) Increased cardiac rate
C) Increased ADH and aldosterone release
D) Decreased acetylcholine release
E) Increased epinephrine release
Section: 14.06
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.11c Explain the role of the sympathetic nervous system in regulation of blood pressure and volume.; K14.11a During the baroreceptor reflex, explain how cardiac output and peripheral resistance are regulated to maintain adequate blood pressure on a moment-to-moment basis.
120) Why is pulse pressure a better indicator of cardiovascular health than blood pressure alone?
A) It takes into account the fact that diastole is longer than systole.
B) It accounts for the perfusion of blood to the visceral organs.
C) It is a better predictor for essential hypertension in patients.
D) It shows the summation of both systolic and diastolic pressures to indicate overall blood volume.
Section: 14.06
Topic: Regulation of cardiac output, stroke volume, and heart rate; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance, and hemodynamics; Clinical applications of the cardiovascular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember; 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: K14.01 Define blood flow, blood pressure, and peripheral resistance.
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Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski