Ch12 | Muscles – Test Bank – 15th Ed - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 12 Muscle
1) Flexors increase the angle at a joint.
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
2) The origin is the point of muscle attachment that is most stationary.
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
3) The more movable bony attachment is the ________.
A) flexor
B) origin
C) extensor
D) insertion
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
4) Muscles which move a limb away the midline of the body are ________ muscles.
A) abductor
B) adductor
C) extensor
D) flexor
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
5) A muscle that constricts an opening is a(n) ________.
A) extensor
B) levator
C) antagonist
D) sphincter
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
6) Making a "T" shape with your arms, so that your arms are extended out to your sides, moves ________.
A) the insertion upward
B) the insertion outward
C) the limb away from the midline
D) the limb closer to the midline
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.
7) The prime mover of any skeletal movement is called the ________.
A) flexor
B) agonist
C) abductor
D) antagonist
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G09.01 Define the terms prime mover (or agonist), antagonist, synergist and fixator.
8) The biceps brachii causes flexion of the elbow. The triceps brachii causes extension of the elbow, so it is a(n) ________.
A) abductor
B) antagonist
C) agonist
D) levator
Section: 12.01
Topic: How skeletal muscles are named; Skeletal muscles of the pectoral girdle and upper limb
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G07.01 Explain how the name of a muscle can help identify its action, appearance, or location.; G09.01 Define the terms prime mover (or agonist), antagonist, synergist and fixator.
9) Each fascicle of a muscle is surrounded by ________.
A) perimysium
B) epimysium
C) endomysium
D) sarcolemma
Section: 12.01
Topic: Gross anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.02 Name the connective tissue layers that surround each cell, fascicle, muscle, and group of muscles and indicate the specific type of connective tissue that composes all of these layers.
10) Skeletal muscle cells are formed by embryonic myoblasts. The resulting multinucleated fiber is called a(n) ________.
A) myoblast
B) striation
C) syncytium
D) endomysium
Section: 12.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.01 Describe the organization of muscle tissue from cell to whole muscle to groups of muscles.
11) The light band of a skeletal muscle is known as the ________.
A) A band
B) Z disc
C) I band
D) H band
Section: 12.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.
12) The specialized region of the sarcolemma at the neuromuscular junction is called the ________.
A) syncytium
B) varicosity
C) fascicle
D) motor end plate
Section: 12.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.06 Describe the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction.
13) Increased motor unit recruitment causes ________ force generation by a muscle.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) no change in
Section: 12.01
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.04 Describe, in order, the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction that elicit an action potential in the muscle fiber.; G06.03 Define the term motor unit.
14) Somatic motor neurons release the neurotransmitter ________ at the neuromuscular junction.
A) dopamine
B) acetylcholine
C) norepinephrine
D) serotonin
Section: 12.01
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.04 Describe, in order, the events that occur at the neuromuscular junction that elicit an action potential in the muscle fiber.
15) Each somatic motor neuron with all the muscle fibers it innervates is a ________.
A) fascicle
B) varicosity
C) motor unit
D) sarcolemma
Section: 12.01
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.03 Define the term motor unit.
16) Thin filaments are composed of myosin and tropomyosin.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
17) Subunits of skeletal muscle fibers that are composed of sarcomeres are called ________.
A) myofibrils
B) myofilaments
C) sarcolemmas
D) transverse tubules
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.01 Describe the organization of muscle tissue from cell to whole muscle to groups of muscles.
18) What structure anchors the centers of thick filaments to one another?
A) Z disk
B) Titin
C) M line
D) Actin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
19) What structure runs the length of the sarcomere and contributes to the elastic recoil in muscle?
A) Z disk
B) Titin
C) M line
D) Actin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
20) What is the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle?
A) A band
B) I band
C) Sarcomere
D) Myofibril
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
21) The A band is composed primarily of ________.
A) thick filaments
B) thin filaments
C) actin
D) titin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
22) What protein primarily makes up the thick filament?
A) Actin
B) Myosin
C) Titin
D) Troponin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
23) What is the lighter area in the center of the A-band called?
A) M-line
B) Titin
C) Z-disc
D) H band
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.
24) During skeletal muscle contraction, the A band decreases in size.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.01 Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
25) Cross-bridge formation occurs when myosin heads attach to actin molecules located in the thin filaments.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.01 Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
26) Myosin contains binding sites for ________ and ________.
A) sodium; calcium
B) troponin; ATP
C) ATP; actin
D) actin; calcium
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
27) Determine what is needed for the myosin head to undergo a power stroke.
A) Release of Pi
B) Binding of ATP to the head
C) Splitting of ATP into ADP and Pi
D) Addition of Ca2+ to the head
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
28) What enzyme is needed to start the cross bridging process?
A) Cereatine phosphatase
B) Kinase
C) Myosin ATPase
D) Ca2+ATPase
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
29) During skeletal muscle contraction, adjacent ________ are pulled closer together as the ________ between them shorten.
A) A bands; I bands
B) I bands; A bands
C) Z disks; A bands
D) Z disks; M lines
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.01 Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
30) Why does rigor mortis result in muscular rigidity after death?
A) The enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP is no longer being produced; therefore, the myosin heads will not receive the actin filament.
B) ATP production is no longer possible; therefore, cross bridges cannot be formed.
C) A buildup of intracellular calcium keeps the troponin molecule free of the active site on actin.
D) The ATP necessary to bind to the myosin head and release the cross bridge is no longer present.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Clinical applications of the muscular system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.; G12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the muscular system could not maintain homeostasis.
31) During skeletal muscle contraction, ________.
A) the H band increases in size
B) Ca2+ associates with tropomyosin
C) myosin heads interact with tropomyosin
D) thin filaments slide across thick filaments
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.01 Explain the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction.
32) Which of the following molecules is NOT part of the thin filament?
A) Actin
B) Titin
C) Troponin
D) Tropomyosin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.04 Explain the organization of a myofibril.; G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
33) Which molecule blocks the myosin head from binding to actin in a relaxed muscle?
A) Tropomyosin
B) Troponin
C) Calcium
D) Titin
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.05 Name, and describe the function of, each of the contractile, regulatory, and structural protein components of a sarcomere.
34) Choose the description of an event that does NOT occur during the cross bridge cycle.
A) A new ATP binding causes cross bridges to release.
B) ADP is released at the end of the power stroke.
C) Energized myosin heads bind troponin.
D) ATP hydrolysis allows for cross bridge formation.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
35) The movement of the troponin-tropomyosin complex requires ________.
A) ATP
B) Ca2+
C) acetylcholine
D) Na+
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
36) Transverse tubules contain voltage-gated calcium channels that respond to membrane depolarization, and are directly coupled to the calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.
37) The Ca2+ required for skeletal muscle contraction ________.
A) is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum
B) enters the cell due to the opening of voltage regulated Ca2+ channels from the T tubules
C) is actively transported into the cell
D) is released from mitochondria
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
38) The pumps that actively transport calcium back into the ________ are called Ca2+ -ATPase pumps.
A) transverse tubules
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum
C) neuromuscular junction
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.
39) When a muscle is stimulated to contract, calcium release channels in the SR will release Ca2+ via ________.
A) active transport
B) facilitated diffusion
C) simple diffusion
D) exocytosis
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
40) What structures carry the action potentials into the interior of the muscle to cause muscle contraction?
A) T tubules
B) Terminal cisternae
C) Sarcoplasmic reticula
D) Ryanodine receptors
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.
41) The process by which action potentials cause muscle contraction is ________.
A) the sliding filament theory
B) excitation-contraction coupling
C) the electromechanical release mechanism
D) Both excitation-contraction coupling and the electromechanical release mechanism are correct.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.05 Explain what is meant by the expression "excitation-contraction coupling".
42) Which of the following is NOT true of the relaxation of a muscle fiber?
A) ATP is needed to fuel the calcium pumps.
B) Calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum close.
C) Calcium moves from troponin to tropomyosin.
D) Ca2+ moves from the sarcoplasm to the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.03 Describe a skeletal muscle fiber including the transverse (T) tubules, sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrils.; G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.; G04.05 Explain what is meant by the expression "excitation-contraction coupling".
43) Imagine if no ATP was available. Predict the consequences of this on skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation.
A) The active sites on actin would never be exposed.
B) Cross bridges would remain attached after muscle contraction.
C) Ca2+ would be unable to leave the sarcoplasmic reticulum upon depolarization of the sarcolemma.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
44) The inability of muscle cells to relax due to high frequency stimulation is called ________.
A) treppe
B) recruitment
C) twitch
D) tetanus
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.04a Interpret a myogram or graph of tension vs. stimulus frequency and explain the physiological basis for the phenomena of treppe, summation and tetanus.
45) The staircase effect or ________ represents a warm up effect due to increasing intracellular calcium concentrations.
A) treppe
B) tetanus
C) incomplete tetanus
D) tonus
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.04a Interpret a myogram or graph of tension vs. stimulus frequency and explain the physiological basis for the phenomena of treppe, summation and tetanus.
46) When a muscle cell generates tension but does not shorten, a(n) ________ contraction occurs.
A) isometric
B) isotonic
C) spastic
D) flaccid
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.05 Demonstrate isotonic and isometric contraction and interpret graphs of tension vs. time and muscle length vs. time for each type of contraction.
47) Muscle contractions that produce a shortening muscle with a constant contraction strength at a given load are termed ________.
A) treppe contractions
B) isotonic contractions
C) twitch contractions
D) isometric contractions
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.05 Demonstrate isotonic and isometric contraction and interpret graphs of tension vs. time and muscle length vs. time for each type of contraction.
48) A force-velocity curve shows the ________ relationship between the force opposing muscle contraction and the velocity of muscle shortening.
A) direct
B) inverse
C) increased
D) no
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.04b Interpret a myogram or graph of tension vs. stimulus intensity and explain the physiological basis for the phenomenon of recruitment.
49) A muscle contraction against a resistance greater than the force of contraction causes muscle lengthening is called a(n) ________ contraction.
A) concentric
B) isometric
C) eccentric
D) isokinetic
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.06 Demonstrate concentric and eccentric contraction and contrast the relative tension and resistance that exists, as well as the change in muscle length that occurs, in each type of contraction.
50) The series-elastic component of contraction ________.
A) absorbs some of the tension of muscle contraction
B) provides for elastic recoil when muscles contract
C) is unrelated to muscle shortening
D) is not provided by tendons
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.04c Interpret a graph of the length-tension relationship and discuss the anatomical basis for that relationship.
51) Which of the following does NOT increase the strength of the muscle contraction?
A) A high number of fibers stimulated
B) Increased frequency of stimulation
C) Thicker muscle fiber
D) Increasing the resting length of the sarcomere
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.02 Define the terms tension and contraction, with respect to muscles.; G06.04c Interpret a graph of the length-tension relationship and discuss the anatomical basis for that relationship.
52) In regards to the relationship between resting muscle fiber length and tension generated, ________.
A) maximal tension is generated when the thick and thin filaments slightly overlap
B) maximal tension is generated when the thick and thin filaments do not overlap
C) maximal tension is generated when the thick and thin filaments greatly overlap
D) the amount of overlap is unimportant in determining maximal tension
Section: 12.03
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G06.02 Define the terms tension and contraction, with respect to muscles.; G06.04c Interpret a graph of the length-tension relationship and discuss the anatomical basis for that relationship.
53) After aerobic glycolysis, phosphate molecules produced are stored in skeletal muscle as creatine phosphate.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.
54) Insertion of ________ in the muscle cell membrane increases cellular glucose uptake.
A) GLUT1
B) GLUT2
C) GLUT3
D) GLUT4
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Mechanisms for transport across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.
55) Skeletal muscles at rest obtain most of their energy from the aerobic respiration of ________.
A) glucose
B) protein
C) fatty acids
D) glycogen
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.
56) For muscle contraction to occur, ATP and its hydrolyzed forms are needed for the ________.
A) attachment of myosin cross bridges to actin
B) release of myosin cross bridges from actin
C) pumping of Ca2+ back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.02 Describe the sequence of events involved in the contraction cycle of skeletal muscle.; G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.
57) During the first 30 minutes of heavy exercise ________.
A) most energy is derived from glycogen and plasma glucose
B) the percentage of energy obtained from plasma free fatty acids exceeds that of mild exercise
C) the percentage of energy obtain from plasma glucose is less than that of moderate exercise
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Metabolism of carbohydrates
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; O03.01g Predict the metabolic conditions that would favor each of the following processes: glycogenesis, glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
58) Blood lactate will begin to rise when exercise is performed at a rate that is ________.
A) 15% of VO2max
B) 25% of VO2max
C) 50% of VO2max
D) 85% of VO2max
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Metabolism of carbohydrates
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.; O03.01d Describe the anaerobic process for generating ATP, including conditions under which it occurs and its products and their functions.
59) Fatty acids provide the majority of the energy for muscle metabolism when a person is exercising at ________.
A) 25% of VO2max
B) 50% of VO2max
C) 75% of VO2max
D) 100% of VO2max
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; O03.03b Describe the basic process of lipogenesis and lipolysis.
60) The first 1 to 2 minutes of moderate to heavy exercise relies on ________ for ATP production.
A) aerobic respiration of glucose
B) anaerobic respiration of glucose
C) aerobic respiration of fatty acids
D) anaerobic respiration of amino acids
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Metabolism of carbohydrates
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.; O03.01d Describe the anaerobic process for generating ATP, including conditions under which it occurs and its products and their functions.
61) Repaying the oxygen debt requires replacing oxygen that was ________.
A) bound to blood hemoglobin and muscle myoglobin
B) needed to metabolize lactic acid
C) used for tissue warm up
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.03 Explain the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
62) An increase in plasma creatine phosphokinase could indicate ________.
A) muscular dystrophy
B) liver disease
C) heart attack
D) Both muscular dystrophy and heart attack are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Clinical applications of the muscular system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
63) Slow oxidative/Type I muscle fibers would be the predominant fiber recruited during a marathon run because ________.
A) the small diameter of the muscles would allow someone to perform work for a longer period of time without fatigue
B) the greater number of mitochondria present in Type I muscle fiber would provide sustained amounts of ATP for muscle contraction
C) the increased concentration of myosin ATPase would allow for faster hydrolysis of ATP than Type II muscle fibers
D) the rate of twitch is faster in Type I than Type II muscle fibers, which will lead to better race performance
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.
64) Fast oxidative, Type IIA muscle fibers ________.
A) have many capillaries
B) produce ATP through both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism
C) have a high myoglobin content
D) are small diameter
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.
65) Fast glycolytic/Type IIX white muscle fibers ________.
A) have a high glycogen content
B) have many capillaries
C) have a high oxidative capacity
D) are predominantly recruited during low intensity activities
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.
66) Slow twitch fibers have a ________ oxidative capacity and ________ glycogen content.
A) high; high
B) high; low
C) low; low
D) low; high
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.
67) A long-distance bicyclist wants to start doing intense strength training for his legs to improve his aerobic endurance. This ________ improve his aerobic endurance, since ________.
A) will not; resistance training targets type I fibers, which fatigue quickly
B) will; strength training targets primarily Type IIx muscle fibers, which fatigue quickly
C) will; resistance training greatly increases mitochondrial density in muscle, increasing aerobic capacity
D) will not; strength training targets primarily Type IIx muscle fibers, which fatigue quickly
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.
68) Muscle fatigue occurs ________.
A) when muscles are only partially able to contract
B) when muscle cell glycogen is depleted
C) when muscle cell pH increases
D) due to decreased extracellular K+
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.03 Explain the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
69) Central fatigue is caused by ________.
A) decreased H+ concentration in the muscle cells
B) increased glycogen in muscle cells
C) changes in the CNS
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.03 Explain the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
70) Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to skeletal muscle fatigue?
A) Increased intracellular K+
B) Depletion of intracellular K+
C) Accumulation of extracellular K+
D) Accumulation of cytoplasmic PO43-
Section: 12.04
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.03 Explain the factors that contribute to muscle fatigue.
71) The amount of fat stored inside skeletal muscle fibers is ________ by endurance training.
A) increased
B) decreased
C) unchanged
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
72) Endurance training results in increased ________.
A) muscle mitochondria number
B) glycogen depletion during exercise
C) number of type IIX fibers
D) lactate production per unit time
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
73) The greater the level of physical training, the higher the proportion of energy derived from the oxidation of ________ during exercise below VO2max.
A) glucose
B) protein
C) amino acids
D) fatty acids
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system; Metabolism of lipids
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
74) The decline in physical strength of older persons is due to ________.
A) decreased size of fast-twitch fibers
B) reduced density of blood capillaries
C) reduced muscle mass
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Skeletal muscle metabolism; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.; G12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the muscular system could not maintain homeostasis.
75) Muscle hypertrophy is due to ________.
A) increased number of myofibrils in the muscle fiber
B) increased number of muscle fibers
C) increased size of the myofibrils
D) Both increased number of myofibrils in the muscle fiber and increased size of the myofibrils.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.07 List the anatomical and metabolic characteristics of fast, slow, and intermediate muscle fibers.; G11.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the muscular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
76) Myostatin is ________.
A) a paracrine regulator that inhibits satellite cell function and muscle growth
B) a paracrine regulator that stimulates satellite cell function and muscle growth
C) an autocrine regulator that inhibits satellite cell function and muscle growth
D) an autocrine regulator that stimulates satellite cell function and muscle growth
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.01 Describe the organization of muscle tissue from cell to whole muscle to groups of muscles.; G11.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the muscular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
77) Formation of new sarcomeres and growth of myofibrils requires which of the following proteins?
A) Titin
B) Nebulin
C) Obscurin
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.01 Describe the organization of muscle tissue from cell to whole muscle to groups of muscles.
78) Muscle repair is due to ________ forming myotubes that fuse to form new muscle fibers.
A) satellite cells
B) myofibrils
C) muscle cells
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.01 Describe the organization of muscle tissue from cell to whole muscle to groups of muscles.; G11.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the muscular system responds to maintain homeostasis in the body.
79) Damage to the ventral nerve root would prevent the muscle spindle from transmitting information to the central nervous system.
Section: 12.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the muscular system; Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
80) The muscle spindle is associated with ________.
A) extrafusal fibers
B) tendons
C) intrafusal fibers
D) Golgi tendon organs
Section: 12.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
81) Alpha motor neurons innervate ________.
A) nuclear chain fibers
B) nuclear bag fibers
C) extrafusal fibers
D) intrafusal fibers
Section: 12.05
Topic: Microscopic anatomy of skeletal muscle; Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.
82) The stretch reflex is enhanced in response to activation of ________.
A) the Golgi tendon organ
B) alpha motor neurons
C) gamma motor neurons
D) lower motor neurons
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord; Reflexes and their roles in nervous system function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
83) Coactivation of alpha and gamma motor neurons is stimulated by ________ neurons.
A) upper motor
B) lower motor
C) intermotor
D) sensory
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.
84) The ________ reflex prevents excessive muscle contraction.
A) flexor
B) cross-extensor
C) Golgi tendon
D) muscle spindle
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Reflexes and their roles in nervous system function
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
85) Damage to the lower motor neurons would result in ________.
A) heightened muscle tone
B) clonus
C) heightened reflex responses
D) loss of muscle tone
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Clinical applications of the muscular system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; H12.02 Describe the locations and functions of the upper and lower motor neurons in a motor pathway.
86) Excitation of the Golgi tendon organ normally causes ________.
A) contraction of a muscle's extrafusal fibers
B) relaxation of a muscle's extrafusal fibers
C) contraction of a muscle's intrafusal fibers
D) relaxation of a muscle's intrafusal fibers
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Reflexes and their roles in nervous system function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G04.03 Explain how an electrical signal from the nervous system arrives at the neuromuscular junction.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
87) The crossed-extensor reflex demonstrates double reciprocal innervation.
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Reflexes and their roles in nervous system function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H11.05 Describe a stretch reflex, a flexor (withdrawal) reflex, and a crossed-extensor reflex, and name all components of each reflex arc.
88) The inhibition of an antagonistic muscle so that the agonist can do the intended movement is due to ________.
A) crossed-extensor reflex
B) monosynaptic reflex
C) reciprocal innervation
D) flaccid paralysis
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Reflexes and their roles in nervous system function
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H11.05 Describe a stretch reflex, a flexor (withdrawal) reflex, and a crossed-extensor reflex, and name all components of each reflex arc.
89) If head trauma caused motor deficits to occur, it is likely that ________ was damaged. This would be indicated by the presence of ________.
A) upper motor neuron; spastic paralysis
B) upper motor neuron; chorea
C) lower motor neuron; weakness
D) lower motor neuron; flaccid paralysis
Section: 12.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the muscular system; Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the muscular system could not maintain homeostasis.; H12.02 Describe the locations and functions of the upper and lower motor neurons in a motor pathway.
90) The pyramidal tracts include the ________ and ________ tracts.
A) rubrospinal; lateral corticospinal
B) reticulospinal; anterior corticospinal
C) anterior corticospinal; lateral corticospinal
D) rubrospinal; reticulospinal
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord; Anatomy of the spinal cord and spinal nerves
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H10.07 Distinguish between ascending and descending tracts in the spinal cord.
91) Random uncontrolled contractions of different muscle groups as a result of damage to the basal nuclei is a symptom of upper motor neuron damage called ________.
A) intention tremor
B) Babinski's reflex
C) chorea
D) resting tremor
Section: 12.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the muscular system; Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the muscular system could not maintain homeostasis.; H12.02 Describe the locations and functions of the upper and lower motor neurons in a motor pathway.
92) An individual suffering damage to the basal nuclei resulting in a lack of desire to use a limb would be suffering from ________.
A) Parkinson's disease
B) chorea
C) intention tremor
D) akinesia
Section: 12.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the muscular system; Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.; H12.02 Describe the locations and functions of the upper and lower motor neurons in a motor pathway.
93) Shaking of limbs at rest that disappears during voluntary movement due to damage to the basal nuclei is called ________.
A) chorea
B) resting tremor
C) intention tremor
D) spastic paralysis
Section: 12.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the muscular system; Clinical applications of the nervous system; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.; G12.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the muscular system could not maintain homeostasis.
94) Cardiac action potentials usually originate in ________ cells.
A) Purkinje
B) chordae tendinae
C) pacemaker
D) septal
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue; Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
95) Choose the statement that correctly categorizes cardiac muscle tissue.
A) Dense bodies anchor thin filaments.
B) The fibers lack I and A bands.
C) The intercalated discs contain gap junctions.
D) The fibers of cardiac muscle lack branches.
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue; Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.; G05.05 Compare and contrast the metabolism of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
96) If voltage-gated Calcium channels were unable to function, cardiac muscle would still receive action potentials, but be unable to shorten.
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue; Physiology of cardiac muscle contraction and the electrocardiogram
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.; G02.03 Compare and contrast the characteristics of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
97) The ________ molecule is attached to dense bodies in smooth muscle cells.
A) actin
B) myosin
C) troponin
D) tropomyosin
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
98) In smooth muscle cells, ________ functions in a manner analogous to troponin.
A) myoglobin
B) calmodulin
C) tropomyosin
D) titin
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.; G05.05 Compare and contrast the metabolism of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
99) Calcium that is needed to activate cross-bridging in smooth muscle mainly comes from ________.
A) endoplasmic reticulum
B) extracellular fluid
C) intracellular fluid
D) dense bodies
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.; G05.05 Compare and contrast the metabolism of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
100) What condition of smooth muscle allows it to maintain contraction for long periods of time?
A) Latch state
B) Gap junctions
C) Peristalsis
D) Myogenic activity
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.; G05.05 Compare and contrast the metabolism of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
101) In single-unit smooth muscle, ________.
A) all cells receive direct autonomic stimulation
B) cells display pacemaker activity
C) cells do not respond to stretch
D) norepinephrine binds to muscarinic receptors and closes K+ channels
Section: 12.06
Topic: Identification, location, and comparison of three types of muscle tissue
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G02.02 Describe the structure, location in the body and function of skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle.
102) Which of the following is the most likely immediate effect of high extracellular Ca2+ on skeletal muscle function?
A) Decreased strength of contraction
B) No effect
C) Inability to contract
D) Uncontrolled contraction
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
103) Myasthenia Gravis is a disease characterized by the production of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, resulting in a decreased number of functioning receptors at motor end plates. Which kind of drug would most likely help with the symptoms of Myasthenia Gravis?
A) A GABA-ergic antagonist
B) A monoamine oxidase inhibitor
C) A muscarinic antagonist
D) An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Clinical applications of the muscular system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.06 Describe the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction.; G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
104) Myasthenia Gravis is a disease characterized by the production of antibodies against nicotinic acetylcholine receptors resulting in a decrease of functioning receptors at motor end plates. What would you expect to find as a result of this process?
A) Clonus
B) Increased frequency of motor neuron firing
C) Chorea
D) Hyperactivity of skeletal muscles
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Clinical applications of the muscular system; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.06 Describe the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction.; G12.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the muscular system that could disrupt homeostasis.
105) While administering an EMG, the technician notices a decrease in the electrical activity being measured. How would this impact the muscle being measured?
A) Electrical activity is unrelated to force generation in the muscle.
B) Action potentials frequency would increase in the muscle if electrical activity decreased.
C) Force generated by the muscle would decrease.
D) Force generated by the muscle would increase.
Section: 12.02
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction; Clinical applications of the muscular system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G03.06 Describe the anatomy of the neuromuscular junction.
106) Muscle glycogen stores would be broken down during an exercise bout lasting several hours because ________.
A) exercising muscle needs the fatty acids released from glycogen for energy
B) exercising muscle can only utilize glucose for energy for long-term exercise
C) exercising muscle utilizes both glucose and free fatty acids for energy during long-term exercise
D) glycogen can enter the mitochondria and produce more ATP than glucose
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
107) If an individual is exercising at a low intensity for several hours, how would the concentrations of substrates change in plasma?
A) Plasma levels of amino acids would increase, as protein breakdown would be needed to fuel continued exercise.
B) They remain stable and unaffected by exercise.
C) Plasma levels of free fatty acids would increase as triglycerides are broken down for sustained energy.
D) Plasma glucose levels would gradually increase the longer exercise continues.
Section: 12.04
Topic: Skeletal muscle metabolism; Effects of aging and exercise on the muscular system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: G05.01 List the sources of energy stored in a typical muscle fiber.; G05.02 Describe the mechanisms that muscle fibers use to obtain ATP for muscle contraction.
108) An individual steps on a nail with her left foot. In response to this, what reflex responses should occur?
A) The flexor muscles of the left leg will contract to maintain balance.
B) Both the flexors and extensors of the ipsilateral side would contract.
C) The extensor muscles of the right leg will contract to maintain balance.
D) Only the flexors on the contralateral side would contract.
Section: 12.05
Topic: Physiology of skeletal muscle contraction
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H11.05 Describe a stretch reflex, a flexor (withdrawal) reflex, and a crossed-extensor reflex, and name all components of each reflex arc.
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Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski