Ch13 Test Bank Answers Politics, Media And Social Movements

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 1

1) In defining power, Max Weber argued that

Page reference: p. 376 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. people who have power should be prepared to defend it from those who want it if they want to keep it

b. people who have power should share it in order to create a more equitable society

c. power is in the mind of the beholder, and its definition varies from person to person

d. power is always violent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 2

2) The struggle for ____________ defines modern politics.

Feedback Politics is the effort to exercise influence.

Page reference: p. 376 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. influence

b. compassion

c. violence

d. individual rights

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 3

3) Which of the following does NOT, by definition, characterize the modern state?

Page reference: p. 376-377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. Respect for the socially vulnerable

b. Clearly defined boundaries

c. The right to use violence if the state deems it necessary

d. The ability to rule

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 4

4) In most political conflicts, ______________ the most power.

Page reference: p. 376-377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. individuals have

b. the state has

c. interest groups have

d. social movements have

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 5

5) Which kind of power uses rewards and punishments to motivate desired behavior?

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. Rational-legal authority

b. Charismatic authority

c. Traditional authority

d. Coercive power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 6

6) What kind of power relies on an appeal to a leader’s adherence to custom, heritage, or the way things have always been?

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. Rational-legal authority

b. Charismatic authority

c. Traditional authority

d. Coercive power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 7

7) What kind of power relies on an appeal to clearly defined rules?

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. Rational-legal authority

b. Charismatic authority

c. Traditional authority

d. Coercive power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 8

8) What kind of power relies on the personal qualities of a leader in order to convince others to act in a particular way?

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. Rational-legal authority

b. Charismatic authority

c. Traditional authority

d. Coercive power

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 9

9) A form of power where dominant groups are able to make their worldview seem like “common sense” to the rest of the population is termed

Page reference: H1 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. coercion

b. democracy

c. politics

d. hegemony

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 10

10) Compared to the average America, members of Congress are more likely to be all of the following EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 379 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. old

b. male

c. from a low-status occupation

d. affluent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 11

11) In the U.S., full-time work is typically defined as year-round work of 40 hours per week, not including mandatory but unpaid lunch breaks, with two weeks of vacation. However, this is a relatively recent development in American history, going back only to the 1940s with the creation of social welfare programs such as Social Security; for most of world history, people worked far fewer hours than Americans do today, and globally, contemporary Americans work far more hours than their peers in other nations. The fact that most Americans consider non-disabled people 23–65 who do not work these hours to be lazy is a sign of

Page reference: p. 379 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. the persuasive power of a single charismatic leader to preach the value of hard work to us

b. the persuasive power of tradition to keep alive expectations about employment over hundreds of years

c. the coercive power of the state to force people to work or face imprisonment

d. the hegemonic power of capitalism to convince us that paid employment is normal and should be expected of every adult of a certain age

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 12

12) Most power is exercised through

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. force

b. coercion

c. violence

d. persuasion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 13

13) The goal of persuasive power is to

Page reference: p. 377 “Politics as the Struggle for Influence”

a. annihilate those who would oppose your will

b. discourage others from even attempting to resist your request because they fear the consequences of doing so

c. convince others that resisting your request is a waste of energy because you will defeat them no matter what

d. convince others that a request for a particular action is legitimate

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 14

14) The United Arab Emirates (UAE) is a collection of kingdoms, each ruled by a single ruler, a sheikh, with the position of rule being handed down through family lines. Each of the seven kingdoms has autonomy, but they also work together, with their seven leaders forming the Federal Supreme Council. In this way, the UAE is a federation of

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. one-party states

b. republican democracies

c. monarchies

d. parliamentary democracies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 15

15) In a nation where a monarch has total authority over the government, the monarchy is

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. absolute

b. constitutional

c. republican

d. parliamentary

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 16

16) In the United Kingdom, members of the national body of lawmakers are directly elected by voters, and then these federal legislators choose a leader from the dominant party. This system is an example of

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. parliamentary democracy

b. presidential democracy

c. a one-party state

d. a quasi-republican state

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 17

17) One advantage that a parliamentary democracy has over a presidential one is that

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. the person elected as leader of a parliamentary democracy (typically called a prime minister) is always the most popular politician in the nation, so it is easy to find public support for their policies

b. the leader of a parliamentary democracy (typically called a prime minister) has no political ties to members of parliament and so can act more independently than a president often can

c. compromise is typically easier to reach

d. voters feel invested in politics since their votes directly elect the national executive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 18

18) Though it holds elections, China only permits members of its national Communist party to run. For this reason, China is not a democracy but a

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. one-party state

b. dictatorship

c. monarchy

d. republic

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 19

19) Popular sovereignty is the idea that

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. all legislation should be voted on by all those people it would affect

b. the people should rule themselves through their government

c. government should be comprised of politicians who share many demographic qualities with the people they govern.

d. there should be a test for public office that includes moral, cognitive, intelligence, and psychological components

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 20

20) Over time, the number of nations that are democracies has

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. shrunk

b. grown

c. remained constant

d. been difficult to count, since many nations are democratic in some ways but not others

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 21

21) Which nation was NOT an early adopter of democracy?

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. France

b. England

c. Saudi Arabia

d. The United States

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 22

22) In a constitutional monarchy, the power of the king or queen is

Page reference: p. 380 “Politics and Democracy”

a. virtually unlimited

b. very limited

c. limited in some areas but unlimited in others

d. greater than it was under an absolute monarchy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 23

23) Most democratic nations today are

Page reference: p. 380-381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. democratic republics with a constitutional monarchy

b. constitutional monarchies that were formally just democratic republics

c. constitutional monarchies that were formally absolute monarchies

d. democratic republics without a constitutional monarchy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 24

24) Is it harder to dismiss an executive leader in a presidential or parliamentary system?

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. Presidential, because the legislature can vote for removal.

b. Parliamentary, because the legislature can vote for removal.

c. Presidential, because the people can directly vote for a recall of the president.

d. Parliamentary, because the people can directly vote for a recall of the president.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 25

25) In a presidential system, unlike a parliamentary system,

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. there is no separation of powers between different parts of the government, and the executive is all-powerful

b. the executive is selected by the judiciary (national judges) c. the executive can belong to a party other than the largest party in the legislature

d. the executive must belong to the most popular party in the legislature

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 26

26) In a parliamentary system, as compared to a presidential one,

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. the leader of the nation is not required to have any experience as a lawmaker

b. the leader of the nation is a member of the legislature

c. the leader of the party can be voted out by a referendum in which the people vote directly from their removal

d. the leader of the party must have experience as a judge in the court system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 27

27) Presidents, in contrast to leaders in parliamentary systems, may be more likely to be seen as leaders for all the people of their nation, not just some of them, because

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. they are required to share office with a vice-president who is demographically different than them in a significant way (such as gender, race, regionality, religion, etc.) in order to provide more voters with a leaders likely to share some of their demographic characteristics

b. they do not run with the support of a particular political party

c. they adopt a tone of humility and inclusiveness in their public speeches

d. they are elected by the people, even if indirectly, not by a political party

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 28

28) In a parliamentary system, members of the national legislature vote on a new national leader

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. every year

b. whenever they want, with notice

c. every two years

d. every five years

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 29

29) Historically, there have been

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. more stable and successful one-party systems of government than parliamentary ones

b. about the same number of stable and successful parliamentary systems of government as presidential ones

c. more stable and successful parliamentary systems of government than presidential ones.

d. more stable and successful presidential systems of government than parliamentary ones

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 30

30) In a parliamentary system, extended gridlock (failure of the federal legislature to act on issues of public concern) often leads to

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. new elections

b. revolutions

c. new constitutions

d. a return to absolute monarchy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 31

31) Brexit refers to

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. the effort of some people in England to dissolve England’s relationship with the European Union

b. the effort of some people in England to dissolve England’s relationship with the United Nations

c. the effort of some people in England to dissolve England’s relationship with the other entities in Great Britain, like Scotland and Wales

d. the effort of some people in England to ban immigrants from living in the British Isles

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 32

32) A straw poll is

Page reference: p. 381 “Politics and Democracy”

a. an informal test of public opinion, not seen as predictive of a final result of an election but serving as a kind of picture of current levels of support for candidates in that moment

b. efforts to persuade voters to vote for or against a certain candidate that are disguised as a survey

c. “get out the vote” efforts that involve political parties actually driving voters to the voting booth

d. the tradition of automatic voter registration for all those people who are eligible to vote

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 33

33) What is one reason why Lyndon B. Johnson, the incumbent president, did not seek re-election in 1968?

Page reference: p. 381-382 “Politics and Democracy”

a. Polls showed that the Vietnam War was very unpopular and, as a consequence, Americans did not support his leadership and would not vote for him again.

b. He was credibly accused of trying to steal information about the campaign of his political opponent and decided to resign rather than be formally accused of illegal behavior.

c. He was so focused on advocating for civil rights that he did not want to give attention to the work of re-election.

d. He passed voting rights legislation that removed barriers to African Americans in the South voting, and feared backlash from white voters there.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 34

34) Which politician is known for bringing the “push poll” into public use?

Page reference: p. 382 “Politics and Democracy”

a. Andrew Jackson

b. Lyndon Johnson

c. Richard Nixon

d. Donald Trump

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 35

35) Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits bans on voting due to race?

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. 13th

b. 15th

c. 19th

d. 24th

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 36

36) Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution recognized women’s right to vote?

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. 13th

b. 15th

c. 19th

d. 24th

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 37

37) Previously in U.S. history, in order to vote, you had to pay a tax at the poll. Such poll taxes prevented poor people from voting. They were eliminated with what amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. 13th

b. 15th

c. 19th

d. 24th

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 38

38) In the U.S., as compared to the non-voters, voters are more likely to be each of the following EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. white

b. well-educated

c. wealthy

d. young

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 39

39) In the U.S., voter rates have been

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. declining since the late 1800s

b. lower in federal elections than in state and local ones

c. increasing since the late 1800s

d. typically over 80%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 40

40) An organization that brings people together on the basis of a common issue, which attempts to influence political decision-makers on topics that are related to that issue is called

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. an interest group

b. a think tank

c. a political party

d. a monarchy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 41

41) People hired to meet with lawmakers to convince them to vote for legislation that supports the goal of the interest group that hired them are, by profession,

Page reference: p. 383 “Politics and Democracy”

a. constituents

b. community organizers

c. lobbyists

d. legacy media

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 42

42) The public sphere is

Page reference: p. 384 “Mediated Politics”

a. any place where a voting booth can be legally placed

b. tax-supported spaces, such as parks and public schools

c. online forums where people share unpopular political opinions without fear of social sanctioning

d. the collection of places where private individuals and elected officials gather together to discuss matters of common concern

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 43

43) Most discussions of politics today

Page reference: p. 385 “Mediated Politics”

a. happen at the holidays, among family members

b. occur face-to-face

c. happen in public, where people who do not wish to speak can still listen

d. happen via mass media or social media

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 44

44) The stories that the major news organizations emphasize influence the topics that people discuss with each other, in their face-to-face conversations as well as on social media platforms. This is evidence of

Page reference: p. 386 “Mediated Politics”

a. unreliable anonymous informants that journalists often rely on in securing information for political stories

b. ethical violations in journalism

c. media bias

d. agenda-setting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 45

45) Between 50% and 75% of sources for news stories are

Page reference: p. 386 “Mediated Politics”

a. scientists, including social scientists

b. government sources

c. everyday people asked for their opinions

d. lobbyists

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 46

46) Because newspapers can charge more for ads that target wealthy consumers, they

Page reference: p. 386 “Mediated Politics”

a. start to write stories that interest wealthy readers

b. devote more space to coverage of important political issues

c. hire more journalists to cover political news in more locations

d. reduce the number of stories about “lifestyle” issues, like where to go on vacation or stories about fashion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 47

47) When ordinary people collaborate to create social change using channels outside of traditional politics, such as voting, they are part of a

Page reference: p. 386 “Social Movements”

a. think tank

b. interest group

c. lobbyist group

d. social movement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 48

48) The Labor Movement’s successes include all of the following EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 389-390 “Social Movements”

a. the international outlawing of dangerous working conditions

b. bans on child workers

c. the creation of the weekend

d. minimum wage laws

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 49

49) According to sociologist Charles Tilly, social movements make identity claims when they state publicly that

Page reference: p. 390 “Social Movements”

a. the social movement will not rule out the use of violence or other disruptive tactics if their demands are not met through peaceful persuasion

b. the public should support or oppose specific policy changes that align with the social movement’s goals

c. the people the social group represents deserve to be included in society

d. the social movement and the people it represents are a unified force

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 50

50) According to sociologist Charles Tilly, social movements make program claims when they state publicly that

Page reference: p. 390 “Social Movements”

a. the social movement will not rule out the use of violence or other disruptive tactics if their demands are not met through peaceful persuasion

b. the public should support or oppose specific policy changes that align with the social movement’s goals

c. the people the social group represents deserve to be included in society

d. the social movement and the people it represents are a unified force

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 51

51) According to sociologist Charles Tilly, social movements make standing claims when they state publicly that

Page reference: p. 390 “Social Movements”

a. the social movement will not rule out the use of violence or other disruptive tactics if their demands are not met through peaceful persuasion

b. the public should support or oppose specific policy changes that align with the social movement’s goals

c. the people the social group represents deserve to be included in society

d. the social movement and the people it represents are a unified force

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 52

52) The environmental group Greenpeace began with a protest that successful persuaded the U.S. to

Page reference: p. 392 “Social Movements”

a. ban the practice of whale hunting in all U.S. waters

b. abandon the building of a pipeline in North and South Dakota

c. abandon nuclear testing in Alaska

d. abandon fracking in Oklahoma

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 53

53) The theory of __________ links social movement success to theory resources of money, legitimacy, facilities and labor.

Page reference: p. 393 “Social Movements”

a. resource mobilization

b. structural strain

c. political opportunity structure

d. symbolic politics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 54

54) _______________ occurs when a small number of companies control a disproportionately large share of the media audience.

Page reference: p. 388 “Mediated Politics”

a. Audience captivity

b. Mediation of politics

c. Media consolidation

d. Media bias

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 55

55) ________ is a type of political activity in which the meanings associated with a political action are just as important as the policies or the social changes being proposed.

Page reference: p. 395 “Social Movements”

a. Resource mobilization

b. Structural strain

c. Political opportunity structure

d. Symbolic politics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 56

56) According to the theory of ______________, the political opportunities available for successful social movement action occurs when there are changes in political alliances, political conflicts among elites, or when there are clear alliances that can be made with specific political groups.

Page reference: p. 395 “Social Movements”

a. resource mobilization

b. structural strain

c. political opportunity structure

d. symbolic politics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 57

57) _____________ theory connects structural inequalities, grievances, and social movements.

Page reference: p. 391-392 “Social Movements”

a. Resource mobilization

b. Structural strain

c. Political opportunity structure

d. Symbolic politics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 58

58) Which theory of social movement explains events like the 1965 Watts riots in Los Angeles?

Page reference: p. 391-392 “Social Movements”

a. Resource mobilization

b. Structural strain

c. Political opportunity structure

d. Symbolic politics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 59

59) _________________ is the feeling of social connection and belonging we have, which gives rise to ______________.

Page reference: p. 397-398 “Case Study: The Strange History of the Electoral College in US Politics”

a. Social solidarity, social capital

b. Social capital, social solidarity

c. Social equality, social fraternity

d. Social fraternity, social equality

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 13 Question 60

60) How were the interests of white slave owners protected through the Electoral College?

Page reference: p. 397-398 “Case Study: The Strange History of the Electoral College in US Politics”

a. The law counted white women in slave-holding states as full citizens for the purpose of determining the number of electors a state had but did not count women in states that prohibited slavery.

b. The law allowed states with slavery to count enslaved people as three-fifths of a person for purposes of the U.S. Census, which determines how many electors a state is awarded, without giving enslaved people the right to vote.

c. The law allowed slave owners’ votes to be weighted more heavily than the votes of people who did not own slaves, arguing that, since they owned more property, they paid higher taxes and should have more influence over elections.

d. The law counted enslaved Africans and African Americans as people for the purpose of the Census, which determines the number of electors in the Electoral College, but did not count free blacks—people who had escaped slavery or been born into free families—the same way, giving more weight to votes in Southern states.