Health, Illness And Medicine Full Test Bank Chapter 12

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 1

1) Which of the following is not an example of complementary and alternative medicine?

Page reference: p. 343 “Health”

a. A bypass surgery to allow blood to flow to the heart

b. Yoga

c. Acupuncture

d. Biofeedback

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 2

2) Health demography is the study of the

Page reference: p. 345 “Health”

a. distribution of disease in a population

b. birth rate of different groups in a society

c. percentage of a population that refuses to use conventional medicine

d. effectiveness of experimental medical treatments to treat diseases

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 3

3) People in ___________ nations live, on average, more than 30 years longer than people in ___________ nations.

Page reference: p. 345 “Health”

a. rich, poor

b. poor, rich

c. hot, cold

d. highly unequal, relatively equal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 4

4) In general, people in nations marked by ___________ have shorter life expectancies.

Page reference: p. 345 “Health”

a. robust democratic institutions

b. violent conflict

c. accessible social services

d. high levels of education

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 5

5) In every society, ____________, on average, live longer than ___________.

Page reference: p. 345 “Health”

a. the poorly educated, the well-educated

b. the poor, the rich

c. women…, men

d. Men, women

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 6

6) WHO is an acronym that stands for

Page reference: p. 345 “Health”

a. Wealth and Health Outcomes

b. Women’s Health Options

c. Worldwide Health Opportunities

d. World Health Organization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 7

7) Which group is most likely to develop cancer?

Page reference: p. 346 “Health”

a. African American men

b. African American women

c. White men

d. White women

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 8

8) Death by suicide is four times more likely among _________ than among _________.

Page reference: p. 346 “Health”

a. people of color, white people

b. white people, people of color

c. men, women

d. women, men

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 9

9) While there is no question that genetic inheritance shapes the demography of health,

Page reference: p. 346 “Health”

a. social context always matters more

b. genetics continue to deny the legitimacy of epigenetics as a field of study

c. research remains unclear about whether social context is a significant contributor to health

d. it is also true that social context always matters

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 10

10) The study of how genes function in the biological system is called

Page reference: p. 346 “Health”

a. eugenics

b. epigenetics

c. genetics

d. health demography

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 11

11) The study of how genes interact with wider natural and social environments is called

Page reference: p. 346 “Health”

a. eugenics

b. epigenetics

c. genetics

d. health demography

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 12

12) What question might a doctor ask an elderly patient during a medical exam that would help them understand how social factors might impact that person’s health?

Page reference: p. 346-347 “Health”

a. “At what age did you first start wearing glasses?”

b. “What brand of toothpaste do you use?”

c. “Which of your siblings was your favorite?”

d. “Do you feel safe going outside for a walk in your neighborhood?”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 13

13) Who is most likely to have a high allostatic load?

Page reference: p. 349 “Health”

a. A refugee fleeing violence in her home nation who walks 1,000 miles a bordering nation only to be placed in a squalid detention center

b. A baby just born yesterday who had a healthy birth and delivery

c. An affluent woman who has not worked in paid employment but instead spends her time volunteering for causes she supports

d. A man who enjoys his low-stress job as a dog walker

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 14

14) A doctor who adopts an intersectional health perspective will

Page reference: p. 349 “Health”

a. treat each element of a patient’s identity—such as their race, sex and gender, religion, etc.—as distinctly different things to be addressed and will not consider how they influence each other

b. reject the use of all Western remedies and instead use only complementary and alternative medicine

c. give attention to the concrete, historical contexts and actual lived experiences of the kinds of people they serve

d. only see patients who are willing to make lifestyle changes to manage their illnesses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 15

15) Typically, doctors have more epistemic privilege than patients. This is because they

Page reference: p. 350 “Health”

a. went to medical school

b. are older

c. have a busy schedule

d. have many people who work under them

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 16

16) What is the thesis of Corey Abramson’s The End Game: How Inequality Shapes Our Final Years (2017)?

Page reference: p. 350 “Health”

a. Social factors such as poverty and exposure to stress and violence shorten the lives of poor people.

b. By the time they die, most people are psychologically prepared to do so.

c. If poor people make it to old age, they are actually more likely than rich people to make it to very old age (over 100 years).

d. Poor old people age with less difficulty and pain compared to wealthy old people, because they have developed resiliency and grit in the face of obstacles over the course of their lives.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 17

17) In the U.S., the average age of people is

Page reference: p. 350 “Health”

a. staying the same because people are dying younger but fewer babies are being born

b. staying the same because life expectancy is not changing

c. increasing as people live longer

d. decreasing as people die younger

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 18

18) Why, according to research by ethnographer Corey Abramson, do many older people fear and dislike the physical deterioration that often accompanies aging?

Page reference: p. 350 “Health”

a. A functioning body allows a person to be independent and thus have more opportunities.

b. Pain management becomes harder as a person ages since we have no conducted good research on the impact of pain medication on older people.

c. They are vain and do not want to be seen as “old” because they think that old people are unattractive.

d. They fear being unable to spend all their money before they die and worry that ungrateful relatives will inherit it instead.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 19

19) Which perspective on health, illness, and medicine focuses on the need for policy and medical interventions that address the interlocking systems of power at the structural and cultural level as well as at the level of individual patients?

Page reference: p. 249 “Health”

a. Health demography

b. CAM

c. Epigenetics

d. Intersectional approach

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 20

20) Which of the following statements about the place of complementary and alternative medicine in the U.S. health system is accurate?

Page reference: p. 344 “Health”

a. Americans spend more money on complementary and alternative medicine than on traditional medicine.

b. While Americans spend significant amounts of money on complementary and alternative medicine, this is just a small percentage of the total amount of money spent on healthcare each year.

c. Complementary and alternative medicine is illegal in the U.S. in most cases; when it is practiced, it must be done as part of a legitimate medical experiment overseen by scholarly researchers.

d. Complementary and alternative medicine is far more expensive than traditional medicine, but users report higher rates of satisfaction with it than do people who rely on traditional medicine.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 21

21) The goal of patients with chronic disease is typically

Page reference: p. 353 “Illness”

a. pain relief but not symptom management

b. full recovery

c. management, not cure

d. cure (and end to the disease) but not full recovery

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 22

22) Which of the following statements about disease is accurate?

Page reference: p. 351 “Illness”

a. The labeling of something as a disease is always performed by disinterested scientists who have no financial motivation for this choice.

b. What is considered a disease varies from culture to culture.

c. What is considered a disease is consistent from culture to culture.

d. The physical condition labeled as “diseased” is stable within a culture, even though they vary across cultures.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 23

23) Which of the following is an example of a medical risk?

Page reference: p. 351 “Illness”

a. Having a parent who died in war

b. Having a parent who died of breast cancer

c. Having a parent who died of cancer of the throat caused by chewing tobacco

d. Having a parent who died in an auto accident

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 24

24) Why were the physicians who were treating Lia Lee in Anne Fadiman’s The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down (1997) frustrated with her parents?

Page reference: p. 351-352 “Illness”

a. The parents did not speak English.

b. The parents did not view their daughter’s condition as something that should be treated with Western medicine.

c. The parents were willing to support treatment for their son but not their daughter because of sexist attitudes.

d. The parents refused to pay the outrageous costs of medical care in the U.S.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 25

25) In sociological terms, what is the difference between disease and the illness experience?

Page reference: p. 352 “Illness”

a. The illness experience is irreversible and incurable and can only be managed, but diseases are short term and typically result in a full recovery.

b. Disease is irreversible and incurable and can only be managed, but the illness experience is short term and typically results in a full recovery.

c. Disease happens within the physical body, but the illness experience is the way that physical reality is understood and managed by the people experiencing it.

d. The illness experience happens within the physical body, but disease is the way that physical reality is understood and managed by the people experiencing it.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 26

26) Why might a physician choose to achieve cultural competence?

Page reference: p. 352 “Illness”

a. Because they can bill insurance at a higher rate if they are culturally competent

b. To serve patients with respect

c. Because it is required in order to achieve entrance into medical school

d. Because it is required to pass the medical board exams, which are a necessary step in becoming a physician

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 27

27) At what point in the illness experience do you become a patient?

Page reference: p. 352-353 “Illness”

a. When your body first experiences disease, even before you mentally recognize it

b. When you pay for your healthcare

c. When you first notice a symptom and recognize it as a sign of disease

d. When you seek healthcare

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 28

28) Which of the following is NOT a common reason why people reject the sick role?

Page reference: p. 353 “Illness”

a. They use home remedies because they rely on tradition more than medical authority.

b. They wish to remain ill or see their condition worsen.

c. They are suspicious of mainstream medical advice.

d. They fear being mistreated by doctors and so aggressively advocate for treatments of their own choosing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 29

29) A mammogram (a scan of the breasts) recently revealed that Lorraine has a small breast lump. She will have to return for further testing to determine if it is benign (harmless) or malignant (cancerous and dangerous). When she calls to tell her elderly mother the news, her mother responds by saying, “I told you that you eat too much sugar and refined carbohydrates!” In attempting to blame Lorraine’s diet for her possible disease, Lorraine’s mother is trying to

Page reference: p. 353 “Illness”

a. medicalize Lorraine’s breast lump

b. force her daughter into the sick role

c. stigmatize her daughter

d. label her daughter as disabled

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 30

30) The HIV/AIDS crisis occurred in the U.S. during the tenure of which president?

Page reference: p. 353 “Illness”

a. Ronald Reagan

b. George W. Bush

c. Jimmy Carter

d. Richard Nixon

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 31

31) What is the central argument of Abigail C. Saguy’s 2013 book What’s Wrong with Fat?

Page reference: p. 355 “Illness”

a. Fat in the U.S. is framed in a way that pathologizes fat bodies—which is to say, people who weigh more than is deemed appropriate by the medical industry.

b. The increased weight of the average American over the last few years is a result of poor nutrition options for America’s poor.

c. Policy decisions to subsidize meat rather than vegetables has led to a health crisis in the U.S.

d. Fat is beautiful!

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 32

32) In the medical model, a disability is

Page reference: p. 354 “Illness”

a. physical or mental defects located in the individual

b. a way that a body deviates from a set standard (“norm”) of what a society calls healthy

c. a way to define a body so that the person with this body can use health insurance to receive healthcare

d. a difference in bodily function that cannot be compensated with affordable and widely available technology, such as eyeglasses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 33

33) While the medical model of disability sees certain bodies as defective, a sociological model

Page reference: p. 356 “Illness”

a. argues that social, economic, and environmental factors—like whether a society makes it possible for people who use wheelchairs to be mobile in the public sphere—are part of the creation of a disability

b. ignores bodily differences because calling attention to them is hurtful

c. says that medicine could “fix” all disabilities if only all people had access to it

d. desires to end the disability through genetic testing and abortion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 34

34) What does ADA stand for?

Page reference: p. 356 “Illness”

a. Alliance for the Defense of Autism

b. Accessibility of Diagnosis Act

c. Americans with Disabilities Act

d. AIDS Defiance Association

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 35

35) The neurodiversity movement argues that

Page reference: p. 356 “Illness”

a. the rise in the number of cases of autism is due to vaccinations

b. a range of neurological conditions are a normal part of human variation

c. genetic testing should be used to identify children with atypical brain structures and mental processes early in order to provide intervention at a young age

d. more diagnoses should be added to the official list of mental health disorders in order to spur health insurance to cover their treatment in the medical model

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 36

36) When what was previously considered an inconvenience, a normal variation of human biology, an individual quirk, or a social problem is redefined as a medical problem, it has undergone the process of

Page reference: p. 356 “Illness”

a. institutionalization

b. professionalization

c. medicalization

d. marginalization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 37

37) The DSM-V

Page reference: p. 356 “Illness”

a. describes those mental illnesses with their origins in brain chemistry and structure, such as schizophrenia, but not in individual experiences, such as post-traumatic stress disorder

b. is not subject to revision

c. is the product of the pharmaceutical industry

d. defines a variety of mental disorders

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 38

38) According to Paul Starr’s analysis in The Transformation of American Medicine ([1987] 2017), the American Medical Association is

Page reference: p. 357-358 “Illness”

a. an advocacy group for doctors who utilize complementary and alternative medicine rather than conventional medicine

b. a legal defense fund for doctors defending themselves from malpractice charges

c. a fraternal organization promoting camaraderie among physicians and the development of rituals that signal group membership

d. a lobbying group that seeks to restrict the practice of medicine to its stakeholders and prevent potential competitors from encroaching on its markets

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 39

39) Which of the following statements about the place of physicians in U.S. society is NOT accurate?

Page reference: p. 358 “Illness”

a. Physicians have always been among the most respected professionals in American society.

b. Physicians are among the best-paid, most influential, and most well-educated groups of professionals in the U.S.

c. Social trust in physicians has declined, in general, as more information and misinformation about health has become broadly available online.

d. Physicians were not well respected until the early 1900s, in part because their training was not standardized and so many doctors practiced medicine dangerously.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 40

40) The social response to illness that attempts to identify, prevent, and cure disease is termed

Page reference: p. 358 “Medicine”

a. medicine

b. medicalization

c. institutionalization

d. health demography

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 41

41) Which of the following is NOT a medical institution?

Page reference: p. 358 “Medicine”

a. A mental hospital

b. A skilled rehabilitation center for people recovering from serious wounds and injuries

c. A hair salon

d. A memory care center for people with dementia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 42

42) Contractual connections between medical organizations create

Page reference: p. 359 “Medicine”

a. preventative medical care

b. public health policy

c. complementary and alternative medicine

d. healthcare systems

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 43

43) Hazing in medicine might look like

Page reference: p. 361 “Medicine”

a. physicians deliberately making patients wait for care because they resent what they judge to be the patient’s refusal to take their previous advice

b. pharmacists abusing painkillers that they have relatively easy access to

c. nurses being physically attacked by patients who have been denied drugs for recreational use

d. supervising physicians forcing medical students to stay awake for long hours unnecessarily in order to prove their “toughness”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 44

44) What is one example of the power of physicians in the social sphere?

Page reference: p. 357 “Medicine”

a. Physicians often work long shifts.

b. Physicians are required to pass not only medical school but also a standardized exam (“boards”) to be awarded the status of “board certified.”

c. Doctors are required to carry very high insurance coverage in case of malpractice.

d. A doctor’s note can excuse an ill child from school.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 45

45) Which organization monitors the immediate healthy and safety of the U.S. population?

Page reference: p. 361 “Medicine”

a. The WHO

b. The CDC

c. The NIH

d. The ADA

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 46

46) The National Institute of Health

Page reference: p. 361 “Medicine”

a. conducts biomedical research

b. approves new pharmaceutical medications for public sale

c. tracks outbreaks of diseases

d. reviews ethical complaints against physicians and nurses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 47

47) Epidemiology studies

Page reference: p. 360-361 “Medicine”

a. how to communicate health information to the public effectively

b. the reasons why people resist acting in their own best health interests

c. the biological evolution of the germs that cause diseases to become resistant to known treatments

d. the social dimensions of disease patterns to discover how diseases spread

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 48

48) Efforts to keep the entire population healthy are termed

Page reference: p. 360 “Medicine”

a. public health

b. epidemiology

c. palliative care

d. national healthcare

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 49

49) The WHO considers the likelihood of future epidemics and pandemics to be

Page reference: p. 361-362 “Medicine”

a. virtually non-existent

b. relatively low

c. moderate

d. very high

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 50

50) ________________ is ____________ spread over a large geographic area.

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. A pandemic, an epidemic

b. An epidemic, a pandemic

c. A medical risk, medicalization

d. Medicalization, a medical risk

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 51

51) Efforts to prevent disease, promote healthy behaviors, and pre-empt unhealthy ones through teaching are called

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. public health education

b. epidemiology

c. health demography

d. palliative care

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 52

52) While visiting your favorite restaurant, you notice a sign in the restroom that says, “Handwashing prevents the spread of disease.” It then illustrates the steps of careful handwashing, including using soap and hot water, washing between fingers and under rings, and rinsing thoroughly and drying hands on a disposable paper towel. This sign is an example of

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. public health education

b. epidemiology

c. health demography

d. palliative care

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 53

53) Many anti-smoking campaigns are funded by

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. taxes on tobacco products

b. donations from wealthy donors

c. gifts from people who have died from smoking-related causes

d. state lotteries

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 54

54) People are most likely to follow the medical advice given in a pamphlet if

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. its benefits are not immediately clear to them but extend their life over the long run

b. it asks them to make a long-term change

c. it focuses on one specific, one-time thing they can do, like get a mammogram or a flu shot

d. it introduces them to a new procedure or behavioral change that they had never heard about before

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 55

55) What explains the higher rate of HIV infection among educated women in Kenya as compared to uneducated women, according to Sanyu Mojola’s book Love, Money, and HIV (2014)?

Page reference: p. 363 “Medicine”

a. Education in Kenya does not include sex education—but it does provide women with more contact with more men because they are attending colleges where men also attend. In comparison, uneducated women are more likely to live in sex-segregated social spheres.

b. Educated women have already risen above their uneducated peers and believe that they can also “rise above” the risk of infection even if they have sex with partners who are HIV positive.

c. Educated women have few well-paying job prospects and so turn to sex work to support their consumer habits.

d. Women are educated in urban areas and do not wish to return to rural areas. They often become the mistresses of married men in urban areas in order to pay for apartments in the city.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 56

56) Public health policy consists of

Page reference: p. 362 “Medicine”

a. taxpayer spending to prevent the spread of communicable diseases

b. publicly funded research on hard-to-treat diseases

c. medical experimentation on prisoners in order to test new and promising treatments for diseases

d. the norms, rules, and laws that shape public health behavior

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 57

57) Rates of infection of diseases that could be prevented with vaccinations are

Page reference: p 363 “Medicine”

a. higher in counties and school districts with lower vaccination rates.

b. lower in counties and school districts with lower vaccination rates

c. higher in counties and school districts with higher vaccination rates

d. the same in counties and school districts regardless of vaccination rates

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 58

58) Demand for organ donation is

Page reference: p. 365 “Medicine”

a. higher than the availability of donated organs

b. lower than the availability of donated organs

c. about the same as the availability of donated organs

d. sometimes higher and sometimes lower than the availability of donated organs, depending on the time of year

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 59

59) ______________ focuses on ending a disease in a person’s life and supporting their recovery to their pre-disease state, while ________________ seeks to stop a disease from occurring in the first place and _______ provides pain relief and psychological and social support for a person suffering from a disease.

Page reference: p. 364 “Medicine”

a. Curative medical care, preventative medical care, palliative medical care

b. Palliative medical care, curative medical care, preventative medical care

c. Preventative medical care, palliative medical care, curative medical care

d. Palliative medical care, preventative medical care, curative medical care

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12 Question 60

60) Genetic testing is

Page reference: p. 369-370 “Case Study: Genetic Testing”

a. only available through government-run agencies

b. available through private companies

c. only available through physicians’ offices.

d. only available for medically necessary reasons