Chapter.11 Science, Religion And Knowing Test Bank 1e

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 1

1) A cosmology is

Page reference: p. 310 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. a model for understanding how the world is organized and how it works

b. a government with laws based on both science and religion

c. a society that was once heavily influenced by religion that is transitioning to being heavily influenced by science instead

d. a nation where private devotion to religion is high but public expression of it is low

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 2

2) Ancient Greeks worshipped a variety of gods, each associated with one or more domains of life, such as childbearing, agriculture, and warfare. This religion was

Feedback Religions that have multiple gods are polytheistic. None of the Abrahamic faiths—Judaism, Christianity, or Islam—is polytheistic.

Page reference: p. 311 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. polytheistic

b. monotheistic

c. Abrahamic

d. scientific

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 3

3) All of the following are examples of monotheistic religions EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 311-312 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. the Serer religion of Senegal, Gambia, and Mauritania, which has a supreme deity (Roog) and many minor deities

b. Judaism, which focuses worship on G-d, a deity whose name is too sacred to be written out fully

c. Christianity, which sees God as having three co-equal parts (Father or Creator, Jesus Christ, the Holy Spirit) that comprise a single deity

d. Islam, which has as one of its pillars the creed that “There is no god but God”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 4

4) Which of the following is a source of religious authority and teaching for Buddhists?

Page reference: p. 323 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. The gospels

b. The Sutras

c. The Torah

d. The Vedas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 5

5) Which of the following is a source of religious authority and teaching for Muslims?

Page reference: H1 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. The gospels

b. The Vedas

c. The Torah

d. The Quran

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 6

6) Which of the following is a source of religious authority and teaching for Jewish believers?

Page reference: p. 312 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. The gospels

b. The Vedas

c. The Torah

d. The Quran

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 7

7) Which of the following is a source of religious authority and teaching for Christians?

Page reference: p. 312 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. The gospels

b. The Vedas

c. The Torah

d. The Quran

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 8

8) Who developed the theory of the multiverse?

Page reference: p. 312 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. Albert Einstein in the 1930s

b. Galileo in the early 1600s

c. Andrei Linde in the 1980s

d. Charles Darwin in the mid-1800s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 9

9) What was the source of Galileo’s conflict with the Catholic Church?

Page reference: p. 313 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. His teachings about the age of Earth

b. His teachings about how vaccines could prevent disease

c. His teachings about how species change over time in relationship to their environment

d. His teachings about the relationship between the sun and Earth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 10

10) Why was Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species so controversial when it was published in 1859?

Page reference: p. 313 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. It argued for a heliocentric, rather than a geocentric, universe.

b. It argued that race did not exist because there were no genetic markers for racial characteristics.

c. It argued that humans were subject to evolution.

d. It argued that climate change was caused, at least in part, by human behavior.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 11

11) An imaginary, perfect world in which there is no conflict, hunger, or unhappiness—whether achieved through the perfection of science, morality, religion, or some other system—is called

Page reference: p. 313-314 “Religion and Science as Ways of Knowing the World”

a. a mysphonia

b. a myopia

c. a dystopia

d. a utopia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 12

12) In his 1912 book Elementary Forms of Religious Life, which sociologist defined religion as a unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things, which unite adherents into a moral community?

Page reference: p. 316 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Franz Boas

b. Karl Marx

c. Émile Durkheim

d. Max Weber

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 13

13) In sociological terms, the opposite of something sacred is something

Page reference: p. 316 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. evil

b. sinful

c. forbidden

d. profane

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 14

14) Which religion’s sacred objects include the Star of David and the tallit?

Page reference: p. 316 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Islam

b. Hinduism

c. Judaism

d. Christianity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 15

15) Which religion’s sacred objects include the mosque and the crescent and star?

Page reference: p. 316 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Islam

b. Hinduism

c. Judaism

d. Christianity

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 16

16) All of the following are rituals EXCEPT

Page reference: p. 316-317 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. a child rushing home from school to watch his favorite cartoon show every afternoon

b. a Christian being baptized

c. two atheists exchanging rings at their wedding

d. a Muslim removing his shoes upon entrance to his mosque

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 17

17) Most Christians, Muslims, and Hindus live in a place

Page reference: p. 318 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. where their religious practices are looked down upon or even banned

b. without a clear religious majority

c. where they are in the majority religion

d. that is religious heterogeneous, with many people of different faiths

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 18

18) Which of the following is not considered one of the major world religions?

Page reference: p. 318 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Sikhism

b. Judaism

c. Buddhism

d. Islam

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 19

19) Worldwide, there are just under 15 million Jews, with the largest population in ___________ and the second largest in ______________.

Page reference: p. 319-320 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. the United States, Israel

b. Israel, the United States

c. Russia and other former Soviet Republics, Israel

d. Israel, Russia and other former Soviet Republics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 20

20) Which of the Abrahamic religions is oldest?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Islam

b. Judaism

c. Christianity

d. Bhai

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 21

21) The first five books of the Hebrew Bible are called

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. the gospels

b. the letters

c. the Torah

d. the minor prophets

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 22

22) A diaspora is

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. the mass execution of a people because of their religion

b. the dispersion of a people group from an ancestral land

c. the renewal of a religion that was thought to be lost to history

d. the mandated segregation of a people group to a section of a city because of their religion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 23

23) From the 12th century onward, Jews in Europe and Russia were often forced to live in segregated sections of cities in poor, crowded neighborhoods called

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. enclaves

b. gulags

c. barrios

d. ghettos

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 24

24) Pope Francis is Argentinian. This makes him the first leader of the Catholic Church who is not European since

Page reference: p. 321 “Religion as Social Institution”

a. Pope John Paul II in 1978

b. Pope Gregory III in 731

c. Pope Leo IX in 1513

d. Pope Benedict XVI in 2005

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 25

25) Which nation was formed as a homeland for Jewish people worldwide?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Palestine

b. Syria

c. Israel

d. Russia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 26

26) Some religious texts are shared by

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Christians and Jews

b. Christians and Muslims

c. Jews and Muslims

d. Jews and Christians and Muslims

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 27

27) Of the approximately 9 million people killed in the Holocaust, how many were Jewish?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. 8 million

b. 7 million

c. 6 million

d. 5 million

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 28

28) During the Holocaust, Nazis required Jewish people to identify themselves by wearing a particular religious symbol on their clothing and marking their passports this way. What symbol was it?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Crescent and moon

b. Star of David

c. Cross

d. Image of the god Ganesh, who is easily recognizable because his head looks like an elephant’s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 29

29) In what part of the world did Judaism originate?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Northern Europe

b. Western Europe

c. Middle East

d. Central Asia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 30

30) The Muslim Tawrat is the same as

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. the Jewish Torah

b. the Christian gospels

c. the Hindu Vedas

d. the Buddhist Sutras

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 31

31) Which world event led to the first international trial for crimes against humanity?

Page reference: p. 319 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The Nazi genocide of Jews and the murders of millions of others in concentration camps during World War II

b. The ethnic cleansing of Rohingya, a Muslim minority in majority-Buddhist Myanmar (also called Burma), which has increased since 2012

c. The U.S. government’s effort to outlaw the Ghost Dance among Plains tribes in the latter half of the 19th century

d. The Chinese government’s persecution of practitioners of Falun Gong since 1999, including accusations of organ harvesting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 32

32) In Israel, Jewish people make up ____ of the population.

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. 99%

b. 75%

c. 50%

d. 25%

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 33

33) Most nations of the world

Page reference: p. 318 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. are majority Christian

b. are minority Christian

c. are majority Muslim

d. do not have a single religion that more than 50% of the population adheres to

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 34

34) Which religious text is seen by believers as a record of the life of Jesus?

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The Old Testament

b. The Hebrew Bible

c. The gospels

d. The Sutras

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 35

35) What world event helped Christianity spread rapidly after a few centuries of being a minor and persecuted religion?

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The fall of the Ottoman Empire

b. Its adoption as the official religion of the Roman Empire

c. The invention of the printing press, which allowed the Bible to be produced more cheaply and efficiently that priests copying it by hand could work

d. The invention of vaccinations, which allowed Christians who used them to survive disease outbreaks at a higher rate than non-Christians who did not use them

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 36

36) In Christianity, which ritual re-enacts, commemorates, honors, or symbolizes the last meal that Jesus ate before his execution?

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The exchange of marriage vows

b. Baptism

c. Communion

d. Tithing (giving 10% of your income to charity)

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 37

37) By the end of the 16th century, there were three major branches of Christianity. They were:

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Anglican, Lutheran, and Catholic

b. Roman, Syrian, and Russian

c. Lutheranism, Methodism, and Pentecostalism

d. Eastern Orthodoxy, Roman Catholicism, and Protestantism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 38

38) Compared to a sect, a denomination is typically

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. smaller

b. less stable

c. newer

d. more established

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 39

39) Which of the following is not a Protestant denomination?

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The Catholic Church

b. Evangelical Lutherans of America

c. Presbyterian Church USA

d. Missouri Synod Lutheran

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 40

40) Today, the majority of the world’s Christians live in places

Page reference: p. 320 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. that were colonized by European nations

b. that were colonizing nations

c. where Christianity was once illegal

d. where they are the religious minority

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 41

41) The election of Pope Francis in 2013 marked the first time that a pope was

Page reference: p. 321 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. a woman

b. not Catholic

c. from North or South America

d. openly hostile to African Catholics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 42

42) Most of the world’s Muslims are

Page reference: p. 321 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Shia

b. Sufi

c. Kharjite

d. Sunni

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 43

43) The religion of Islam is organized around the teachings of a prophet named

Page reference: p. 322 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Jesus

b. Moses

c. Abraham

d. Muhammad

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 44

44) During their lifetimes, Muslims are supposed, if they are able, to travel to Mecca on a pilgrimage called hajj. Where is Mecca located?

Page reference: p. 322 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Israel

b. Palestine

c. Egypt

d. Saudi Arabia

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 45

45) During which month are Muslims to fast—that is, not to eat or drink between sunrise and sunset?

Page reference: H1 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Muharram

b. Rajab

c. Ramadan

d. Zulhijjah

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 46

46) Which of the following is not a major branch of Hinduism?

Page reference: p. 322 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Kabballah

b. Smartism

c. Shaivism

d. Shaktivism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 47

47) The only African nation in which the most popular religion is Hinduism is

Page reference: p. 322 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Nepal

b. India

c. Egypt

d. Mauritius

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 48

48) In Hinduism, the Supreme Being, which is beyond human comprehension in its original essence, is

Page reference: p. 323 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Brahman

b. Shiva

c. Vishnu

d. Lakshmi

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 49

49) Despite its long history of religious persecution, this nation is home to almost half of the world’s Buddhists.

Page reference: p. 323 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Russia

b. Georgia (the nation, not the U.S. state) c. Chechnya

d. China

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 50

50) Which sacred texts do believers say recorded the words and teachings of Siddhartha Gautama?

Page reference: p. 323 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. The Sutras

b. The Torah

c. The gospels

d. The Vedas

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 51

51) Which of the following answers includes all (and only) the religions that teach reincarnation as a tenet of the faith?

Page reference: p. 323 “Religion as a Social Institution”

a. Buddhism

b. Hinduism

c. Buddhism and Hinduism

d. Buddhism, Hinduism, and Judaism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 52

52) According to research on religious violence, fundamentalists from what kind of nation are most likely to engage in violence to dramatize their cause, announce their presence, or strike at the symbols of the societies they are trying to dominate?

Page reference: p. 330 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. Affluent, advanced industrial nations

b. Democratic nations with a strong tradition of freedom of religion

c. Poor nations with few social services

d. Religiously diverse nations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 53

53) Which of the following people has not been an outspoken critic of religion?

Page reference: p. 324 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. former Apple executive Steve Jobs

b. French philosopher François-Marie Arouet

c. German sociologist Karl Marx

d. Austrian psychologist Sigmund Freud

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 54

54) To be secular means to be

Page reference: p. 324 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. disdainful toward religion

b. supportive of a prominent place for religion in a culture

c. relatively uninfluenced by religion

d. highly influenced by religion

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 55

55) Which part of the world listed here has seen the largest decline in engagement with Christianity?

Page reference: p. 324 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. Latin America

b. The Caribbean

c. Western Europe

d. Sub-Saharan Africa

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 56

56) Which statement accurately describes trends in religion in the U.S. today?

Page reference: p. 325 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. Most Americans participate in religion in public but are not privately religious.

b. Most American political leaders publicly reject a religious identity.

c. A greater percentage of people today are a member of a religious congregation than in the past.

d. The number of people who claim no religious identity, even if they are not hostile to religion, continues to rise.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 57

57) Liberation theology, which has a focus on human rights and criticizes global capitalism, developed within Christianity during the 1950s, especially in what region of the world?

Page reference: p. 326 “Modern Society and Secularism”

a. Latin America

b. Sub-Saharan Africa

c. Areas that were, at the time, “behind the Iron Curtain” but not Soviet Republics, like Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Bulgaria

d. Areas that were, at the time, Soviet Republics, like Latvia and Lithuania

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 58

58) The Matthew effect says that, in general,

Page reference: p. 332-333 “Science as a Social Institution”

a. the more a scientist is paid, the more successful they will be

b. scientists working in private laboratories achieve more than those who are employed by public universities

c. those who have early advantages in their career in science are more likely than those who do not to have further advantages over the course of their career

d. most scientists peak at an early stage of their career and achieve relatively little after their mid-career

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 59

59) In Western approaches to science, there is

Page reference: p. 334 “Science as a Social Institution”

a. a hierarchy of sciences, with physics and other natural sciences at the top and the social sciences at the bottom

b. a hierarchy of sciences, with physics and other natural sciences at the bottom and the social sciences at the top

c. no hierarchy; once something is labeled as “science,” it is as equally respected as the other sciences

d. considerable openness to non-scientific epistemologies

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 60

60) In the largest and fastest-growing scientific fields,

Page reference: p. 331 “Science as a Social Institution”

a. gender-based job disparity is even worse than it is in other scientific fields

b. women are actually outpacing men in new hires

c. women have fewer jobs than women, but their average salary is higher

d. men have fewer jobs than women, but they advance in rank more quickly

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 61

61) Which of the following values is NOT one of the four basic values that Robert Merton discovered among scientists?

Page reference: p. 332 “Science as a Social Institution”

a. National interest, which says that scientific discoveries should first benefit the people of the nation the scientist is a member of

b. Universalism, which is the idea that findings should be evaluated according to their objective truth rather than the personal qualities of the scientist

c. The communal character of science, so all scientific information should be fully and openly shared

d. Disinterestedness, which is the idea that scientists pursue science as knowledge rather than for personal profit

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 62

62) In 1968, physicist Anthony Hewish won the Nobel Prize, but the work he was credited for was performed by

Page reference: p. 333 “Science as a Social Institution”

a. Jocelyn Bell

b. Katherine Johnson

c. Rosalind Franklin

d. Harriet Zuckerman

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 63

63) In a post-secular society,

Page reference: p. 337 “The Crisis of Knowing, and the Importance of Belief”

a. religious ideas and scientific ideas learn from each other

b. religion is outlawed and science is given highest priority

c. religion becomes the basis of government

d. religion and science are both considered equally valid ways of answering any question, from the causes of climate change to questions of why bad things happen to good people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 64

64) If you are trying to gain insight into why you believe what you believe, you are studying your own

Page reference: p. 336 “The Crisis of Knowing, and the Importance of Belief”

a. theodicy

b. antisemitism.

c. epistemology

d. cosmology

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 11 Question 65

65) In 1968, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional an Arkansas law that prohibited the teaching of evolution, saying in Epperson v. Arkansas that the state could not allow teaching to be “tailored to the principles or prohibitions of any religious sect.” This decision invalidated any state law that prohibited the teaching of evolution, such as the law at the center of

Page reference: p. 338 “Case Study: Debating Evolution in Public Schools”

a. Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas

b. The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes

c. Engel v. Vitale

d. Abington School District v. Schempp