Endocrine Glands | Ch11 – Complete Test Bank 15e - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 11 Endocrine Glands
1) Endocrine glands secrete their products into ducts.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J01.02 Define the terms hormone, endocrine gland, endocrine tissue (organ), and target cell.
2) Neurohormones refer to hormones secreted from the neurons that innervate endocrine glands.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J01.02 Define the terms hormone, endocrine gland, endocrine tissue (organ), and target cell.
3) Some glands throughout the body have both endocrine and exocrine functions.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J01.02 Define the terms hormone, endocrine gland, endocrine tissue (organ), and target cell.
4) A deficiency of cholesterol would impact the synthesis of hormones that can freely cross the plasma membrane.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.01 List the major chemical classes of hormones found in the human body.
5) Melatonin can pass through plasma membranes since it is derived from the nonpolar amino acid tryptophan.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.01 List the major chemical classes of hormones found in the human body.
6) Hormones that can pass through the plasma membrane are ________ and are called ________.
A) polar; hydrophobic
B) nonpolar; hydrophobic
C) polar; hydrophilic
D) nonpolar; hydrophilic
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.; J02.01 List the major chemical classes of hormones found in the human body.
7) Polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones can be taken orally.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.; J02.01 List the major chemical classes of hormones found in the human body.
8) Choose the hormone that is NOT classified as a polypeptide or glycoprotein hormone.
A) Cortisol
B) Glucagon
C) Antidiuretic hormone
D) Parathyroid hormone
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.01 List the major chemical classes of hormones found in the human body.
9) The molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed by their target cells are ________.
A) prohormones
B) lipophilic hormones
C) prehormones
D) tissue hormones
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
10) A cell is only able to respond to hormones if specific hormone receptors are present on the membrane or within the cell.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.
11) Hormones that enhance the responsiveness of a target organ to a second hormone have ________.
A) complementary effects
B) synergistic effects
C) antagonistic effects
D) permissive effects
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
12) When two or more hormones work together to produce a particular result, their effects are ________.
A) permissive
B) antagonistic
C) synergistic
D) inhibitory
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
13) A chronically high hormone concentration often leads to an increased number of receptors on the target cell.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.; J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
14) Small amounts of a polypeptide or glycoprotein hormone may cause ________.
A) upregulation of receptors
B) increased numbers of receptors placed in the plasma membrane
C) the priming effect
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
15) Many polypeptide and glycoprotein hormones are secreted in discrete bursts called pulsatile secretions.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
16) Testosterone receptors would be ________ in response to anabolic steroid abuse.
A) inhibited
B) primed
C) upregulated
D) downregulated
Section: 11.01
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
17) Water-soluble hormones differ from lipophilic hormones, in that ________.
A) water soluble hormones require transport proteins to reach their target cells
B) water soluble hormones never enter the cell
C) lipophilic hormones utilize second messengers to impact protein synthesis within the cell
D) water-soluble hormone secretion is always under hypothalamic control
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.
18) Nuclear receptors that have been identified and their genes cloned, but their hormone ligands are unknown are called ________.
A) transcription factors
B) unknown ligands
C) orphan receptors
D) nongenomic receptors
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.
19) Thyroid hormones bind to receptors that ________.
A) activate tyrosine kinase
B) regulate gene transcription
C) stimulate production of cyclic AMP
D) stimulate production of diacylglycerol
Section: 11.02
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.; J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
20) To induce full cellular effects, thyroid hormones also require the actions of ________.
A) adrenocorticotropin
B) melatonin
C) 9-cis-retinoic acid
D) somatomedins
Section: 11.02
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.; J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
21) Steroid hormone receptors may be found ________.
A) in the cytoplasm
B) in the nucleus
C) on the cell surface
D) Both in the cytoplasm and in the nucleus.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.
22) Which hormone would be degraded in the plasma, if traveling free?
A) Aldosterone
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Follicle stimulating hormone
D) Prolactin
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.02 Describe how each class is transported in the blood.
23) The process of steroid hormones binding to their nuclear receptors at half-sites on DNA to initiate transcription is called ________.
A) synergism
B) antagonism
C) translocation
D) dimerization
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
24) Steroid hormone receptors form a(n) ________ on their DNA half-sites.
A) homodimer
B) autodimer
C) pseudodimer
D) heterodimer
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
25) Thyroid hormone receptor proteins are found ________ of their target cells.
A) on the plasma membrane
B) in the cytoplasm
C) in the nucleus
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.03 Compare and contrast the types of receptors (cell membrane or intracellular) that each class binds to.
26) Thyroid hormone receptors form a(n) ________ on their DNA half-sites.
A) homodimer
B) autodimer
C) pseudodimer
D) heterodimer
Section: 11.02
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
27) Proteins that must bind to a nuclear receptor protein that aids in its activation are called ________.
A) homodimers
B) corepressors
C) orphan receptors
D) coactivators
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
28) How is most thyroid hormone transported in the plasma?
A) As T4 bonded to globulin
B) As T3 bonded to globulin
C) As free T4
D) As free T3
Section: 11.02
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.02 Describe how each class is transported in the blood.
29) Second messenger systems do NOT include ________.
A) 9-cis-retinoic acid
B) tyrosine kinase
C) adenylate cyclase
D) phospholipase C
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
30) Inhibition of phosphodiesterase would potentially increase the effects of hormones that activate adenylate cyclase.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
31) cAMP activates ________, which catalyzes the ________ of other enzymes in the cytoplasm.
A) protein kinase; phosphorylation
B) calcium; phosphorylation
C) calmodulin; hydrolysis
D) tyrosine kinase; hydrolysis
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
32) Binding of epinephrine to beta-adrenergic receptors in the plasma membrane will activate the ________ second messenger system.
A) calcium
B) IP3
C) adenylate cyclase (cAMP)
D) DAG
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
33) Inhibition of G-proteins would cause an increase in hormone-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentrations.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
34) Mutation of the calmodulin gene would alter the ability of ________ to act as a second messenger.
A) calcium
B) sodium
C) potassium
D) cAMP
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
35) Second messengers generated by the actions of phospholipase C ________.
A) are inhibited by the actions of caffeine
B) are stimulated by phosphodiesterases
C) may activate calmodulin
D) stimulate gene transcription
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
36) In the phospholipase C mechanism, most of the increased intracellular calcium comes from ________.
A) outside the cell
B) within the plasma membrane
C) the endoplasmic reticulum
D) extracellular fluid
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
37) Which of the following directly initiates the release of calcium ions from the endoplasmic reticulum?
A) G-proteins
B) Phospholipase C
C) Inositol triphosphate (IP3)
D) Calmodulin
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
38) Many growth factors use ________ as a second messenger.
A) cyclic AMP
B) tyrosine kinase
C) calmodulin
D) cyclic GMP
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.
39) Cellular actions of insulin could be inhibited by ________.
A) decreasing intracellular calmodulin
B) stimulating protein kinase activity
C) inhibiting translation
D) inhibiting receptor phosphorylation
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.; J09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the endocrine organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
40) What is the action of the signaling molecules activated by the insulin-tyrosine kinase second messenger system?
A) Insertion of glucose carrier proteins into the plasma membrane
B) Hydrolysis of glycogen and secretion of glucose
C) Transport of insulin into the cell
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.02
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J02.04 Compare and contrast the mechanism of response that each class elicits (i.e., change in gene expression or change in an intracellular pathway via phosphorylation mechanism) and relate the response mechanism to the biochemical nature of the hormone molecule.; J05.07c In the pancreas, name the target tissue or cells for insulin and glucagon and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
41) The posterior pituitary gland ________.
A) synthesizes oxytocin, which plays a vital role in inducing labor
B) regulates the secretion of hormones produced in the anterior pituitary gland
C) releases hypothalamic hormones, but does not produce its own
D) releases its hormones in response to stimulation by hormones from the hypothalamus
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J04.03 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
42) Inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion would inhibit testosterone synthesis.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.; J03.02 Describe the roles of negative and positive feedback in controlling hormone release.
43) Cortisol secretion would cease if the ________ no longer secreted ACTH.
A) posterior pituitary gland
B) hypothalamus
C) anterior pituitary gland
D) adrenal cortex
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.; J05.04a In the adrenal gland, describe the stimulus for release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
44) Adrenocorticotropic hormone is synthesized in cells that had been part of the ________.
A) pars distalis
B) pars tuberalis
C) pars intermedia
D) neurohypophysis
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J04.03 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
45) The vascular link between the hypothalamus and the ________ is called the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal system.
A) posterior pituitary
B) anterior pituitary
C) pineal gland
D) thalamus
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J04.01 Describe the locations of and the anatomical relationships between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary glands.
46) Growth would be inhibited by increasing ________ secretion.
A) prolactin
B) somatostatin
C) somatomedin
D) thyroid hormone
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J04.03 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
47) Regulation of mineral homeostasis would be inhibited due to decreased secretion of ________.
A) corticotropin-releasing hormone
B) dopamine
C) gonadotropin-releasing hormone
D) growth hormone-releasing hormone
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J04.03 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the release of anterior pituitary hormones.
48) Increased circulating concentrations of testosterone would cause decreased secretion of ________.
A) growth hormone
B) adrenocorticotropin
C) luteinizing hormone
D) thyroid stimulating hormone
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.05b In the testis, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce testosterone and inhibin.; J03.02 Describe the roles of negative and positive feedback in controlling hormone release.
49) Most target organ control on the anterior pituitary gland is due to ________.
A) positive feedback effect
B) negative feedback
C) negative feedback inhibition
D) positive feedback inhibition
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J03.02 Describe the roles of negative and positive feedback in controlling hormone release.
50) Higher brain centers can influence pituitary secretions, and therefore, target organ secretion.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
51) What is the function of prolactin in females?
A) Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
B) Regulates the gonadotropins
C) Regulates water and electrolyte balance in the kidneys
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
52) What is the function of prolactin in males?
A) Stimulates growth of sperm cells
B) Stimulates milk production in the mammary glands
C) Regulates water and electrolyte balance in the kidneys
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
53) What is the function of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
A) Stimulates loss of water by the kidneys
B) Causes large urine volume
C) Causes a darkening of the skin
D) Stimulates retention of water by the kidneys
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
54) Over-secretion of growth hormone in children causes ________.
A) acromegaly
B) pituitary cachexia
C) gigantism
D) myxedema
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.01d Predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
55) Where is oxytocin produced?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Pineal gland
C) Anterior pituitary gland
D) Posterior pituitary gland
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J04.04 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the production and release of posterior pituitary hormones.
56) What hormone stimulates uterine contractions during labor and milk-ejection during lactation?
A) Prolactin
B) ADH
C) Oxytocin
D) Luteinizing hormone
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.
57) What is the function of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract?
A) Transports releasing hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
B) Transports nerve impulse from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary
C) Transports hormones and nerve impulses from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J04.01 Describe the locations of and the anatomical relationships between the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary glands.; J04.04 Explain the role of the hypothalamus in the production and release of posterior pituitary hormones.
58) The ________ has a medulla derived from ectoderm and a cortex derived from mesoderm.
A) adrenal gland
B) pancreas
C) thyroid gland
D) pituitary gland
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04b In the adrenal gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
59) Which of the following is NOT one of the three functional categories of corticosteroids?
A) Mineralocorticoids
B) Glucocorticoids
C) Thyrocorticoids
D) Sex steroids
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04b In the adrenal gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
60) Which of the following is a potent mineralocorticoid that helps increase blood volume and pressure?
A) Antidiuretic hormone
B) Aldosterone
C) Hydrocortisone
D) Norepinephrine
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04c In the adrenal gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the target tissue or cells.
61) What is the precursor molecule for the three types of adrenal cortex hormones?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin K
C) Adenosine
D) Cholesterol
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04b In the adrenal gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
62) The adrenal cortex is NOT involved in regulation of ________.
A) blood glucose
B) Na+ balance
C) Ca2+ balance
D) reproduction
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04c In the adrenal gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the target tissue or cells.; J05.04a In the adrenal gland, describe the stimulus for release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
63) The hypersecretion of corticosteroids results in ________.
A) Addison's disease
B) diabetes insipidus
C) Graves' disease
D) Cushing's disease
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.04d In the adrenal gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
64) The hyposecretion of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids results in ________.
A) Addison's disease
B) diabetes insipidus
C) Graves' disease
D) Cushing's disease
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.04d In the adrenal gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
65) Which of the following is NOT a symptom of Addison's disease?
A) Skin discoloration (bronzing)
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Hypotension
D) Sodium and potassium imbalances
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.04d In the adrenal gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
66) A tumor of the ________ referred to as a pheochromocytoma.
A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) thyroid gland
D) pineal gland
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.
67) Pheochromocytomas would stimulate hypersecretion of ________.
A) aldosterone
B) cortisol
C) adrenocorticotropin
D) epinephrine and norepinephrine
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.04d In the adrenal gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
68) Hormones released from the adrenal medulla prolong and enhance the fight or flight response.
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04c In the adrenal gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the target tissue or cells.
69) Which of the following is NOT one of the three stages in the response to stress?
A) Stage of exhaustion
B) Alarm reaction
C) Stage of denial
D) Stage of resistance
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J07.01 Describe the three stages of the stress response (general adaptation syndrome).
70) Prolonged stress may stimulate ________.
A) symptoms similar to Cushing's syndrome
B) increased resistance to disease
C) adrenal gland atrophy
D) no apparent physiological changes
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J07.03 List the major hormones released during long-term stress and describe the hormonal actions.
71) Physiological responses to stress would NOT include ________.
A) increased secretion of ACTH
B) increased secretion of glucocorticoids
C) increased immune response
D) increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J07.02 List the hormones released during short-term stress and describe the hormonal actions.; J07.03 List the major hormones released during long-term stress and describe the hormonal actions.
72) Which of the following is NOT an action of aldosterone secretion?
A) Raises blood glucose levels
B) Stimulates kidneys to retain Na+
C) Causes loss of K+ in urine
D) An increase in blood volume and pressure
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04c In the adrenal gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the target tissue or cells.
73) Which of the following is NOT an action of cortisol secretion?
A) Stimulates gluconeogenesis
B) Lowers blood levels of free fatty acids
C) Promotes lipolysis
D) Inhibits glucose utilization
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04c In the adrenal gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine on the target tissue or cells.
74) What is NOT an effect of taking exogenous glucocorticoids?
A) Autoimmune reactions
B) Hyperglycemia and decreased glucose tolerance
C) Decreased systemic inflammation
D) Osteoporosis
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04d In the adrenal gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
75) What controls the release of corticoids from the adrenal cortex?
A) Higher brain centers
B) CRH from the hypothalamus
C) ACTH from the anterior pituitary
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.04
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Hormonal response to stress
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.04a In the adrenal gland, describe the stimulus for release of glucocorticoids (cortisol), mineralocorticoids (aldosterone), gonadocorticoids, epinephrine and norepinephrine.
76) A deficiency of dietary iodine would result in excessive TSH secretion.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
77) A(n) ________ is an abnormal growth of the thyroid gland due to an iodine deficiency.
A) tumor
B) goiter
C) abscess
D) keloid
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
78) Hypothyroidism in adults causes ________.
A) Graves' disease
B) myxedema
C) cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.02d In the thyroid gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
79) Goiters can form due to the presence of autoantibodies that exert TSH-like effects on the thyroid. This is the characteristic finding in ________
A) Graves' disease
B) Myxedema
C) Cretinism
D) Cushing's disease
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.02d In the thyroid gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
80) A child with ________ would be lethargic, shorter than average, have mental retardation, and a low body temperature.
A) Graves' disease
B) cretinism
C) dwarfism
D) Addison's disease
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.02d In the thyroid gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
81) Which of the following would you expect to see as signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
A) Accelerated growth
B) Rapid pulse
C) Increased plasma T4 levels
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.02d In the thyroid gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
82) An individual with bulging eyes may be secreting ________.
A) inadequate thyroid hormone
B) excessive thyroid hormone
C) inadequate cortisol
D) excessive cortisol
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.02d In the thyroid gland, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
83) What element is necessary for production of thyroxine?
A) Sodium
B) Calcium
C) Iodine
D) Chlorine
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02b In the thyroid gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
84) What amino acid of the protein colloid in thyroid follicles does iodine bind to?
A) Threonine
B) Serine
C) Tyrosine
D) Alanine
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02b In the thyroid gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
85) What is the protein found in the colloid of a thyroid follicle?
A) Thyroglobulin
B) Gammaglobulin
C) Iodoglobulin
D) Betaglobulin
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02b In the thyroid gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
86) What is produced when two diiodotyrosine molecules couple together?
A) Triiodothyronine
B) Tetraiodothyronine
C) Thyroxine
D) Both tetraiodothyronine and thyroxine are correct.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02b In the thyroid gland, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
87) Release of TSH from the anterior pituitary causes ________.
A) thyroid follicle cells produce MIT and DIT
B) thyroid follicle cells produce calcitonin
C) thyroid follicle cells take up a small amount of colloid, hydrolyze T3 and T4, and release them into the blood
D) thyroid follicle cells oxidize iodide ions to iodine
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02a In the thyroid gland, describe the stimulus for release of the hormones thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
88) Choose the incorrect statement regarding calcitonin.
A) It is made by follicle cells of the thyroid.
B) It inhibits loss of calcium by bones.
C) It lowers blood calcium levels.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.02c In the thyroid gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells from thyroxine, triiodothyronine, calcitonin.
89) Parathyroid hormone functions include ________.
A) causing the kidneys to reabsorb calcium
B) causing the dissolution of calcium phosphate from bones
C) increasing blood calcium levels
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.03c In the parathyroid gland, name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the parathyroid hormone on the target tissue or cells.
90) The pancreas secretes hormones involved in regulation of ________.
A) blood glucose
B) the stress response
C) metabolic rate
D) growth and reproduction
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07a In the pancreas, describe the stimulus for release of insulin and glucagon.
91) Destruction of the pancreatic beta-cells would result in ________.
A) Cushing's disease
B) Graves' disease
C) Diabetes mellitus
D) Diabetes insipidus
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07d In the pancreas, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in insulin and glucagon levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.; J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.
92) Which of the following is NOT an effect of glucagon secretion?
A) Lipolysis
B) Ketogenesis
C) Glycogenesis
D) Glycogenolysis
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Metabolism of glucose
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07b In the pancreas, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce insulin and glucagon.
93) Insulin and glucagon are considered antagonistic hormones because they compete for binding on their target cells.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J03.02 Describe the roles of negative and positive feedback in controlling hormone release.; J05.07c In the pancreas, name the target tissue or cells for insulin and glucagon and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
94) What are the carrier proteins for glucose diffusion into cells?
A) Insulin
B) GLUT4
C) GLUT2
D) Glucagon
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Mechanisms for movement across cell membranes
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07c In the pancreas, name the target tissue or cells for insulin and glucagon and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
95) Glucagon does NOT ________.
A) raises blood glucose levels
B) stimulates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver
C) promote lipolysis and ketogenesis
D) promote the movement of glucose out of skeletal muscle cells
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Metabolism of glucose
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07c In the pancreas, name the target tissue or cells for insulin and glucagon and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
96) What hormone(s) is/are released when blood glucose levels decrease?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Both glucagon and glucocorticoids are correct.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Examples of homeostatic mechanisms
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07a In the pancreas, describe the stimulus for release of insulin and glucagon.; J03.02 Describe the roles of negative and positive feedback in controlling hormone release.
97) Pineal gland production of melatonin is stimulated by the ________ of the hypothalamus.
A) supraoptic nuclei
B) paraventricular nuclei
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the endocrine organs respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.; J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
98) Cycles of physiological activity that follow a 24-hour pattern are called ________.
A) circadian rhythms
B) biomimetic rhythms
C) psychological rhythms
D) cerebral rhythms
Section: 11.06
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the endocrine organs respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.; J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
99) Purported beneficial effects of melatonin include all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) limiting the effects of jet lag
B) treating insomnia
C) preventing oxidative damage to cells
D) promoting weight loss
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J08.01 Provide specific examples to demonstrate how the endocrine organs respond to maintain homeostasis in the body.
100) Control of melatonin secretion from the pineal gland requires ________.
A) sympathetic stimulation from the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus
B) activation of melanopsin from ganglion cells of the retina
C) sunlight or lack of sunlight
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J03.01 List and describe several types of stimuli that control production and secretion of hormones.
101) Progesterone secretion would be lessened if ovulation did not occur.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Physiology of the female reproductive system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.06c In the ovary, name the target tissue or cells for estrogen, progesterone and inhibin and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
102) Male secondary sex characteristics would not develop in boys in which the ________ cells did not secrete testosterone.
A) seminiferous tubule
B) interstitial
C) Leydig
D) Both interstitial and Leydig are correct.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Physiology of the male reproductive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.05b In the testis, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce testosterone and inhibin.; J05.05d In the testis, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the levels of testosterone and inhibin will have on the conditions (variables) in the body.
103) A deficiency of dietary cholesterol would decrease the production of ________.
A) glucagon
B) atrial natriuretic hormone
C) melatonin
D) estradiol-17b
Section: 11.06
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of nutrition and metabolism
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.06b In the ovary, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce estrogen, progesterone and inhibin.
104) The placental hormone with actions similar to both growth hormone and prolactin is ________.
A) chorionic somatomammotropin
B) chorionic gonadotropin
C) placental prolactin
D) placental lactogen
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Physiology of the female reproductive system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.13c In the placenta, name the target tissue or cells for estrogen, progesterone and human chorionic gonadotropin and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells.
105) After menopause, the adrenal cortex is the primary source of estrogen or biologically similar molecules in females.
Section: 11.06
Topic: Hormones from other endocrine glands and their functions; Effects of aging on the endocrine system; Physiology of the female reproductive system
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.06b In the ovary, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce estrogen, progesterone and inhibin.
106) Molecules that are produced within one tissue but regulate a different tissue of the same organ are called ________ regulators.
A) autocrine
B) endocrine
C) paracrine
D) exocrine
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.01 Define the terms paracrine and autocrine.
107) The regulators which mediate the function of the cells in which they are synthesized from are called ________.
A) autocrine regulators
B) endocrine regulator
C) paracrine regulators
D) exocrine regulators
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.01 Define the terms paracrine and autocrine.
108) Skin wound healing would be slowed due to a lack of ________ growth factors.
A) nerve
B) endothelin
C) epidermal
D) platelet
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.03 Discuss the production and function of growth factors.
109) Blood vessel diameter is regulated by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) nitric oxide
B) bradykinin
C) endothelin
D) platelet-derived growth factor
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Blood pressure, peripheral resistance and hemodynamics
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.03 Discuss the production and function of growth factors.
110) Which of the following are derived from the precursor arachidonic acid?
A) Thyroid hormones
B) Adrenal medulla hormones
C) Glucocorticoids
D) Prostaglandins and leukotrienes
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Organic compounds
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
111) Prostaglandins are eicosanoids derived from the fatty acid ________.
A) palmitic acid
B) linolenic acid
C) linoleic acid
D) arachidonic acid
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Organic compounds
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
112) Stomach irritation by NSAIDs like aspirin is believed to be the result of ________.
A) inhibition of PGI2 and PGE2
B) secretion of PGI2 and PGE2
C) inhibition of thromboxane A2
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
113) Which of the following inhibits COX3 in the brain, which results in pain and fever reduction?
A) Acetaminophen (Tylenol)
B) Aspirin
C) Ibuprofen (Motrin)
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
114) Which of the following statements about prostaglandins is true?
A) Prostaglandin synthesis is blocked by the actions of caffeine.
B) Prostaglandins inhibit inflammation.
C) Prostaglandins may contribute to asthma.
D) Thromboxane A2 induces vasodilation.
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Organic compounds
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
115) All of the following are considered nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs EXCEPT ________.
A) aspirin
B) celecoxib (Celebrex)
C) acetaminophen (Tylenol)
D) rofecoxib (Vioxx)
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
116) Aspirin reduces inflammation by ________.
A) inhibiting the COX1 isoenzyme
B) inhibiting the COX2 isoenzyme
C) inhibiting the COX3 isoenzyme
D) increasing production on PGI2 and PGE2
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
117) An asthma attack would most effectively be treated by ________.
A) COX-2 inhibitors
B) leukotriene inhibitors
C) COX-3 inhibitors
D) oral corticosteroids
Section: 11.07
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system; Clinical applications of the respiratory system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
118) Hypothyroidism could lead to elevated prolactin levels because ________.
A) prolactin stimulates TRH production
B) TRH stimulates prolactin release
C) low levels of T3 and T4 decrease prolactin
D) TRH would cause negative feedback to prolactin
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01d Predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
119) Which of the following explains why TSH levels are elevated with hypothyroidism?
A) There is a positive feedback to the pituitary gland, increasing TSH.
B) The low level of thyroid hormones inhibits negative feedback to the thyroid gland.
C) The hypothalamus decreases TRH release when thyroid hormone levels are low.
D) The anterior pituitary does not receive feedback from the hypothalamus, thus increasing TSH levels.
Section: 11.05
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
120) Explain the decreased fertility commonly found in males with anabolic steroids use.
A) Exogenous testosterone will trigger a decrease in GnRH.
B) LH and FSH levels will increase in response to the exogenous testosterone.
C) The adrenal cortex will increase production of endogenous testosterone, therefore decreasing sperm production.
D) Positive feedback will occur as a result of exogenous testosterone, leading to reduced sperm production.
Section: 11.01
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J05.05b In the testis, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce testosterone and inhibin.
121) Which of the following would be useful for treating someone with hyperprolactinemia?
A) TRH agonist
B) TSH antagonist
C) Dopamine agonist
D) PRL agonist
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).
122) Which of the following explain how physical activity can increase cellular sensitivity to insulin?
A) Upregulation of GLUT4 receptors
B) Continuous production of insulin leads to a priming effect on the cells
C) Pulsatile secretion of insulin during the activity leads to upregulation
D) Desensitization of the glucagon receptors, increases the sensitivity of the cells to insulin
Section: 11.01
Topic: Physiology of hormones and hormone secretion; Clinical applications of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07d In the pancreas, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in insulin and glucagon levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.
123) Prostaglandins serve many functions in the body. Choose the correct example of prostaglandin function.
A) Prevention of swelling at the site of a cut
B) Increase secretion of gastric juices after a meal
C) Increase the pain of an injury
D) Increase plasma volume
Section: 11.07
Topic: General functions of the endocrine system
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J06.02 List two major types of eicosanoids and discuss their production and functions.
124) Damage or destruction of cells of the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland would be demonstrated by ________.
A) increased blood glucose levels
B) decreased thyroxine levels
C) increased blood calcium levels
D) decreased blood glucose levels
E) decreased blood calcium levels
Section: 11.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the endocrine system; Hormones of other endocrine glands and their functions
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.07d In the pancreas, predict the larger effect that fluctuations in insulin and glucagon levels will have on conditions (variables) within the body.; J09.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the various endocrine organs could not maintain homeostasis.; J05.07b In the pancreas, identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce insulin and glucagon.
125) A patient experiences a fall, in which she lands on her side and hits her head. In the weeks that follow, she begins to feel very fatigued. The ________may have been damaged, resulting in ________.
A) adrenal medulla; increased cortisol secretion
B) anterior pituitary gland; decreased estrogen levels
C) posterior pituitary gland; increased water retention
D) anterior pituitary gland; decreased thyroid hormone
Section: 11.03
Topic: Hormones of the hypothalamus and pituitary glands and their functions
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: J05.01c Name the target tissue or cells for the hormone and describe the effect(s) of the hormone on the target tissue or cells of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin.; J05.01a Describe the stimulus for release of growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J05.01d Predict the larger effect that fluctuations in the hormone level will have on conditions (variables) within the body for growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J05.01b Identify the gland or endocrine tissue/organ and the cells within that gland/tissue/organ that produce growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, prolactin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, oxytocin, and antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin).; J08.02 Explain how the endocrine organs relate to other body organs and systems to maintain homeostasis.; J09.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the endocrine organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
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Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski