Ch10 Sensory Physiology – Test Bank – 15th Edition - Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox by Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski. DOCX document preview.
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Human Physiology, 15e (Fox)
Chapter 10 Sensory Physiology
1) Choose the correct statement regarding sensory receptors.
A) Our senses can perceive a wide range of energies.
B) Different modalities of sensations have different types of impulses.
C) Sensory receptors transduce different forms of physical energy to nerve impulses.
D) The brain cannot distinguish between impulses of cold and heat.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
2) Functional classes of sensory receptors include chemoreceptors and thermoreceptors.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
3) An individual would normally perceive pain when the chemoreceptors are stimulated.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
4) Damage to cutaneous receptors would limit the ability to detect all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) pain
B) thermal sensations
C) body position
D) touch
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
5) Which type of receptor responds to physical deformation of its cell membrane?
A) Chemoreceptors
B) Photoreceptors
C) Thermoreceptors
D) Mechanoreceptors
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
6) Cutaneous receptors respond to stimuli that are outside the body, and are therefore also ________.
A) proprioceptors
B) interoceptors
C) exteroceptors
D) special senses
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
7) Chemoreceptors that monitor blood glucose levels are also ________.
A) interoceptors
B) proprioceptors
C) special senses
D) exteroceptors
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
8) Phasic receptors adapt rapidly to maintained stimuli.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.06 Explain the phenomenon of adaptation.
9) Having the ability to ignore constant phasic stimuli is called ________.
A) the law of specific nerve energies
B) tonic adaptation
C) sensory adaptation
D) phasic adaptation
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.06 Explain the phenomenon of adaptation.
10) The law of specific nerve energies can be used to explain ________.
A) phantom limbs
B) paradoxical cold
C) sensory adaptation
D) lateral inhibition
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.06 Explain the phenomenon of adaptation.
11) The least amount of energy that produces adequate stimulation of a receptor is the ________.
A) sensory adaptation
B) generator potential
C) all-or-none law
D) law of specific nerve energies
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
12) The magnitude of the generator potential is directly proportional to the frequency of the action potentials being produced.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
13) As the magnitude of a generator potential increases the ________ of action potentials in the sensory neuron increases.
A) adaptation
B) frequency
C) amplitude
D) sensitivity
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
14) When you came home, you noticed a strong odor of the kitchen from your family baking cookies. After a few hours, the smell was no longer as noticeable, despite continued baking. This is due to the action of phasic receptors.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.06 Explain the phenomenon of adaptation.; H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
15) The potential produced by sensory receptors is called a ________.
A) local potential
B) generator potential
C) receptor potential
D) Both generator and receptor potentials are correct.
Section: 10.01
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
16) Which structure is NOT a touch or pressure cutaneous receptor?
A) Golgi Corpuscle
B) Pacinian Corpuscle
C) Merkel's Disk
D) Meissner's Corpuscle
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Function of accessory skin structures
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
17) Nociceptors may be either myelinated or unmyelinated, and function to carry pain sensations to the spinal cord using ________ and ________ as neurotransmitters.
A) substance P; norepinephrine
B) glutamate; acetylcholine
C) substance P; glutamate
D) acetylcholine; substance P
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.; H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
18) Capsaicin cream is sold as topical ointment. Given what you understand about sensory receptors, what possible benefits would this ointment have?
A) It could be used to decrease the pain associated with burns.
B) It stimulates receptors that create warmth, dulling sensations of pain.
C) It is used to warm hands on cold days.
D) It can be used to numb skin prior to an injection.
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
19) The ________ is a membrane ion channel on sensory neurons that responds to cold in the 8º to 28ºC range by producing a depolarization.
A) capsaicin receptor
B) two-point threshold
C) menthol receptor
D) pacinian corpuscle
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
20) Acute itch is produced by ________ binding to its receptors.
A) capsaicin
B) menthol
C) histamine
D) glutamate
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.; H06.03 Explain the generator potential that occurs when receptors for general senses are stimulated.
21) If damage to the ________ tract was sustained, an individual may lose the ability to perceive ________ in the area corresponding to that spinal level.
A) anterior spinothalamic; heat
B) lateral spinothalamic; pressure
C) anterior spinothalamic; cold
D) lateral spinothalamic; pain
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.; H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
22) Second-order neurons from the medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tracts synapse with third-order neurons in the thalamus.
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
23) Transmission of thermal sensations to the sensory cortex would be impaired by damage to the ________.
A) lateral spinothalamic tract
B) anterior spinothalamic tract
C) medial lemniscus tract
D) anterior spinocerebellar tract
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
24) Proprioception and pressure impulses are carried by large, ________ neurons in the ________ columns of the spinal cord and are ________.
A) myelinated; ventral; contralateral
B) unmyelinated; lateral; ipsilateral
C) myelinated; dorsal; ipsilateral
D) unmyelinated; dorsal; contralateral
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.; H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
25) Where do the tracts carrying impulses of proprioception and pressure cross?
A) In the spinal cord at the level the axons enter the cord
B) In the medulla oblongata
C) In the thalamus
D) The axons do not cross
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.03 Explain how decussation occurs in sensory and motor pathways and predict how decussation impacts the correlation of brain damage and symptoms in stroke patients.
26) Where do the fibers of the spinothalamic tracts cross?
A) In the spinal cord at the level the axons enter the cord
B) In the medulla oblongata
C) In the thalamus
D) The axons do not cross
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.03 Explain how decussation occurs in sensory and motor pathways and predict how decussation impacts the correlation of brain damage and symptoms in stroke patients.
27) Without the presence of ________, sensations of pain in a somatic location that are not due to nociceptor stimulation in that region may not be experienced.
A) third-order neurons
B) mechanoreceptors
C) interneurons
D) receptive fields
Section: 10.02
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.; H12.03 Explain how decussation occurs in sensory and motor pathways and predict how decussation impacts the correlation of brain damage and symptoms in stroke patients.
28) The ________ fibers are thin myelinated axons that carry sensations of heat, cold, and pain to the spinal cord.
A) A-delta
B) B-gamma
C) C
D) A-beta
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord; Microscopic anatomy of neurons
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
29) How many neurons conduct sensory impulses from the periphery to the postcentral gyrus?
A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
30) Impulses of pain are also transmitted to the ________, which is part of the limbic system.
A) cingulate gyrus
B) amygdala
C) hippocampus
D) caudate nucleus
Section: 10.02
Topic: Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H07.07 Describe the location and functions of the limbic system.; H12.01 Describe the locations and functions of the first-, second- and third-order neurons in a sensory pathway.
31) Areas of the skin with small receptive fields would have a greater sensory acuity.
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
32) Of the structures provided, it would be easiest to discern two distinct pins touching the skin on the ________.
A) abdomen
B) upper arm
C) thigh
D) forehead
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.; H07.05 Explain why the sensory and motor homunculi are relevant clinically.
33) As ________ increases, the two-point threshold decreases.
A) receptor number
B) receptor density
C) receptor sensitivity
D) receptor sensation
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.
34) Sensations are sharpened via ________.
A) two-point discrimination
B) adaptation
C) lateral inhibition
D) phantom limb
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.05 Differentiate between the site of action potential generation in a unipolar neuron and a multipolar neuron.
35) Chemoreceptors that respond to chemical changes in the external environment are called ________.
A) interoceptors
B) nociceptors
C) proprioceptors
D) exteroceptors
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.01 Describe exteroceptors, interoceptors and proprioceptors in terms of the general location of each in the body and the origin of the stimuli that each receives.
36) Which of the following is TRUE of taste?
A) Taste receptors are considered interoceptors.
B) Sweet is sensed at the tip of the tongue.
C) Chemicals must be dissolved to stimulate the taste cells.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H06.02 Describe each of the following, indicating what sensation it detects and giving an example of where it can be found in the body: pain receptors (nociceptors), temperature receptors, mechanoreceptors (including proprioceptors and baroreceptors/pressoreceptors), chemoreceptors, and photoreceptors.; I04.01 Identify the location and structure of taste buds.
37) When ________ enter the microvilli of taste cells, depolarization occurs, producing a ________ taste sensation.
A) calcium ions; sour
B) sodium ions; sour
C) hydrogen ions; bitter
D) sodium ions; sweet
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.
38) Damage to cranial nerve ________ would limit the ability to taste sweet substances.
A) VII
B) V
C) X
D) XII
Section: 10.03
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Structure and function of cranial nerves
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H09.02 Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves and classify each as sensory, motor or mixed.; I04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain.
39) Which of the following cranial nerves conveys gustatory information?
A) Facial
B) Glossopharyngeal
C) Hypoglossal
D) Both the facial and glossopharyngeal are correct.
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Structure and function of cranial nerves
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H09.02 Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves and classify each as sensory, motor or mixed.; I04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain.; H09.01 List the cranial nerves by name and number.
40) Which taste modality involves membrane receptors that are coupled to G-proteins?
A) Umami
B) Salty
C) Sour
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.04 Describe the five primary taste sensations.
41) Where on the cerebral cortex is taste information sent?
A) Prefrontal cortex, postcentral gyrus, and insula
B) Temporal lobe, precentral gyrus, and prefrontal cortex
C) Thalamus, insula, and postcentral gyrus
D) Medulla oblongata, insula, and thalamus
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain.; H07.04 Identify the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe how the motor and sensory functions of the cerebrum are distributed among the lobes.
42) Types of tongue papillae do NOT include ________.
A) foliate papillae
B) circumvallate papillae
C) glossoform papillae
D) fungiform papillae
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.01 Identify the location and structure of taste buds.
43) Where is the primary gustatory cortex?
A) Postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe
B) Prefrontal cortex
C) Temporal lobe
D) Insula
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the gustatory receptors to various parts of the brain.
44) What extracellular ion is necessary for release of neurotransmitter for salty and sour tastes?
A) Mg2+
B) K+
C) Na+
D) Ca2+
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.
45) What causes the release of neurotransmitters from sweet and umami tastes?
A) Opening of extracellular Ca2+ channels
B) Closing of K+ channels
C) Release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum
D) Closing of Na+ channels
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.; I04.04 Describe the five primary taste sensations.
46) What causes the release of neurotransmitter when bitter taste has stimulated a taste cell?
A) Release of Ca2+ from endoplasmic reticulum
B) Opening of extracellular Ca2+ channels
C) Closing K+ channels
D) Closing Na+ channels
Section: 10.03
Topic: Gustatory receptors and their role in taste; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I04.02 Explain how dissolved chemicals activate gustatory receptors.; I04.04 Describe the five primary taste sensations.
47) Information obtained via ________ is transmitted directly to the limbic system.
A) gustation
B) audition
C) olfaction
D) touch
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H07.07 Describe the location and functions of the limbic system.; I03.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain.
48) Olfactory receptor proteins are especially located on the membrane of their non-motile cilia and are coupled to ________.
A) cAMP
B) cGMP
C) Ca2+
D) G-proteins
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I03.01 Identify the location of olfactory receptors.
49) It is believed that ________ is strongly tied to memory due to its connections with the ________.
A) olfaction; cingulate gyrus
B) olfaction; limbic system
C) taste; limbic system
D) taste; cingulate gyrus
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H07.07 Describe the location and functions of the limbic system.; I03.03 Describe the path of nerve impulses from the olfactory receptors to various parts of the brain.
50) Olfactory receptors are coupled to ________.
A) transducins
B) Na+/Ca2+ channels directly
C) G-proteins
D) adenylate cyclase
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I03.02 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors.
51) Basal stem cells in the olfactory epithelium produce new olfactory receptors every one to two months.
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I03.01 Identify the location of olfactory receptors.
52) What is the role of sustentacular cells in the olfactory epithelium?
A) Produce new bipolar receptor cells
B) To oxidize volatile hydrophobic odorant molecules to make them less soluble
C) To repair damaged receptor cells
D) To form basal stem cells
Section: 10.03
Topic: Olfactory receptors and their role in smell
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I03.02 Explain how odorants activate olfactory receptors.
53) The structures that function in equilibrium are known as the ________.
A) vestibular apparatus
B) cochlea
C) bony labyrinth
D) spiral organ
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.01 Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium.
54) Which structure is NOT part of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear?
A) Cochlea
B) Utricle
C) Semicircular canals
D) Saccule
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
55) What characteristic does the endolymph of the membranous labyrinth have that is unusual for an extracellular fluid?
A) It is similar to the perilymph that surrounds the membranous labyrinth.
B) It has a higher than normal concentration of Na+.
C) It has a lower than normal concentration of Cl−.
D) It has a higher than normal concentration of K+.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.
56) When stereocilia are bent toward the kinocilium, the cell membrane will be ________.
A) hyperpolarized
B) depolarized
C) releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter
D) Both depolarized and releasing increased amounts of neurotransmitter are correct.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium.
57) Inability to perceive rotation of the head, as when indicating "no," occurs when the saccule is damaged.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.01 Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium.; I08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.
58) Nodding your head up and down would stimulate receptors in the utricle.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.01 Distinguish between static and dynamic equilibrium.; I08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium.
59) The cupula is part of the ________.
A) semicircular canals
B) utricle
C) saccule
D) cochlea
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.
60) Otoliths are associated with the ________.
A) crista ampullaris
B) cupula
C) macula
D) semicircular canals
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium.
61) Stimulation of the hair cells of the vestibular apparatus sends impulses to the cerebellum and ________ by way of the vestibulocochlear nerve.
A) midbrain
B) pons
C) medulla oblongata
D) Both pons and medulla oblongata are correct.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of equilibrium; Structure and function of cranial nerves
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H09.02 Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves and classify each as sensory, motor or mixed.; I08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.; I08.02 Describe the structure of the maculae and their function in static equilibrium.
62) Vertigo occurs due to activation of the ________.
A) utricle
B) semicircular canals
C) saccule
D) cochlea
Section: 10.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I08.03 Describe the structure of the crista ampullaris and its function in dynamic equilibrium.
63) Which of the following is true of vestibular nystagmus?
A) It consists of involuntary oscillations of the eyes.
B) It may be a symptom of Ménière's disease.
C) It is loss of equilibrium.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain homeostasis.
64) Structures that contribute to the maintenance of balance and equilibrium include the ________.
A) eyes
B) proprioceptors from joints and muscles
C) vestibular apparatus
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.04
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors; Physiology of equilibrium
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I09.02 Explain how the special sense organs relate to other body organs and systems to maintain homeostasis.
65) The softest sound that could be heard would have an intensity of ________.
A) 0 decibels
B) 0.1 decibels
C) 1 decibel
D) 10 decibels
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds.
66) The hertz is a measure of ________.
A) distance
B) frequency
C) duration
D) intensity
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds.
67) Given its action, damage to the stapedius muscle can cause increased sensitivity to the volume of sounds.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
68) Choose the statement that correctly describes the auditory tube.
A) It is a passageway from the middle ear to the oropharynx.
B) It is usually collapsed.
C) It opens due to the action of the stapedius muscle.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I07.02 Describe the role of the auditory tube in drainage and equalization of pressure in the middle ear.
69) Vibrations in the stapes directly induce vibrations in the ________.
A) tympanic membrane
B) incus
C) round window
D) oval window
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.; I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
70) A patient experienced permanent damage to the hair cells in the cochlea. This will interfere with the ability of sound waves to reach the inner ear.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.; I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
71) The scala vestibuli of the cochlea is filled with ________.
A) endolymph
B) perilymph
C) ectolymph
D) mesolymph
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
72) Damage to the tectorial membrane near the oval window would limit an individual's ability to detect high frequency sounds.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
73) The structure(s) involved in hearing include the ________.
A) vestibular apparatus
B) spiral organ
C) organ of Corti
D) Both the spiral organ and the organ of Corti are correct.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
74) The bending of the stereocilia of the organ of Corti opens membrane channels that are permeable to mainly ________, which causes depolarization.
A) Na+
B) K+
C) Ca2+
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.; I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
75) Which of the following is NOT part of the organ of Corti?
A) Vestibular membrane
B) Tectorial membrane
C) Basilar membrane
D) Hair cells with sensory fibers
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
76) What structure connects the scala vestibuli with the scala tympani?
A) Round window
B) Helicotrema
C) Oval window
D) Cochlear duct
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
77) A greater bending of the stereocilia will increase the frequency of action potentials and will be perceived as a louder sound.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds.
78) What is the medium found in the cochlear canal?
A) Air
B) Perilymph
C) Endolymph
D) Ectolymph
Section: 10.05
Topic: Gross anatomy of the ear; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I05.01 Identify the hearing structures of the outer, middle and inner ear.
79) Which of the following is NOT true of outer hair cells of the organ of Corti?
A) Innervated by motor neurons
B) Will shorten when depolarized and lengthen when hyperpolarized
C) Occur in multiple rows in each turn of the cochlear duct
D) Relay sound information by way of the vestibulocochlear nerve
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.01 Describe how the various structures of the outer, middle and inner ear function in hearing.
80) What neurotransmitter is released by the inner hair cells once they have depolarized?
A) Glutamate
B) Acetylcholine
C) ATP
D) Norepinephrine
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing; Neurotransmitters and their roles in synaptic transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
81) What role do outer hair cells play in the transmission of sound?
A) They dampen strong vibrations from very loud sounds.
B) They bend and depolarize with specific wavelengths of sound waves.
C) They amplify softer sound and sharpen pitch perception.
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.; I06.03 Explain how the structures of the ear enable differentiation of pitch and loudness of sounds.
82) Ablation of the superior colliculus of the midbrain would induce partial deafness, and limit a person's ability to respond quickly to perceived sounds.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.; H07.02 Correlate functions with each major area of the adult brain.
83) Which of the following is the correct neural pathway for hearing?
A) Vestibulocochlear nerve, inferior colliculus, medulla oblongata, thalamus, temporal lobe
B) Vestibulocochlear nerve, medulla oblongata, inferior colliculus, thalamus, temporal lobe
C) Vestibulocochlear nerve, thalamus, inferior colliculus, medulla oblongata, temporal lobe
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Physiology of hearing; Physiology of sensory and motor pathways in the brain and spinal cord
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.; H04.06a Differentiate between passive and active ion channels.
84) Sensorineural deafness can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT ________.
A) excessively loud noises
B) build-up of wax in the ears
C) infection of the inner ear
D) loss of hair cells in the cochlea
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.; I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.
85) Age-related hearing impairment is known as ________.
A) presbycusis
B) presbyopia
C) conduction deafness
D) otosclerosis
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Effects of aging on the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain homeostasis.
86) A cochlear implant may help someone with conduction deafness.
Section: 10.05
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of hearing
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I06.02 Describe the sound conduction pathway from the auricle to the fluids of the inner ear and the path of nerve impulses from the spiral organ to various parts of the brain.; I10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain homeostasis.
87) Destroying the ciliary body would prevent the ________ from receiving nutrients.
A) cornea sclera
B) iris
C) pupil
D) Both lens and cornea are correct.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
88) Sympathetic stimulation is responsible for pupil ________ in ________ light.
A) dilation; bright
B) dilation; dim
C) constriction; bright
D) constriction; dim
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.; H13.03 Describe examples of specific effectors dually innervated by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system and explain how each branch influences function in a given effector.
89) Long term blockage of the scleral venous sinus can induce ________.
A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) macular degeneration
D) detached retina
Section: 10.06
Topic: Anatomy of accessory structures of the eye; Clinical applications of the special senses
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I10.02 Predict the types of problems that would occur in the body if the special sense organs could not maintain homeostasis.; I02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
90) Pupil diameter would be increased by contraction of the ________.
A) circular muscles
B) ciliary body
C) superior rectus muscle
D) radial muscles
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.; H13.03 Describe examples of specific effectors dually innervated by the two branches of the autonomic nervous system and explain how each branch influences function in a given effector.
91) The outermost layer of the eyeball is the ________.
A) choroid
B) retina
C) sclera
D) lens
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
92) What is found in the anterior cavity of the eyeball?
A) Aqueous humor
B) Blood
C) Vitreous humor
D) Pigment
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
93) What is found in the posterior cavity of the eyeball?
A) Aqueous humor
B) Blood
C) Vitreous humor
D) Pigment
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
94) When viewing an object far away, the ciliary muscle will ________, the suspensory ligament will ________, and the lens will become more ________.
A) contract; tighten; rounded
B) contract; loosen; rounded
C) relax; tighten; flattened
D) relax; loosen; flattened
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.; I02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
95) What structure holds the lens in place?
A) Scleral venous sinus
B) Suspensory ligament
C) Choroid
D) Iris
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
96) What area of the retina has no photoreceptors?
A) Fovea centralis
B) Macula
C) Optic disc
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it.
97) A patient undergoes an eye exam and is diagnosed with ________. A ________ lens would correct this disorder of refraction.
A) presbyopia; concave
B) myopia; concave
C) hyperopia; convex
D) astigmatism; convex
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
98) The bending of light as it passes through different media is called ________.
A) accommodation
B) visual acuity
C) refraction
D) astigmatism
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
99) The aggregation of crystallin proteins in the lens produces ________.
A) glaucoma
B) cataracts
C) astigmatism
D) myopia
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Effects of aging on the special senses
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
100) Light is refracted the most by the ________.
A) cornea
B) aqueous humor
C) lens
D) vitreous humor
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
101) Contraction of ciliary muscles allows the lens to become thicker.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
102) The near point of vision decreases with increasing age.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Effects of aging on the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
103) Accommodation would occur when ________.
A) the muscles of the ciliary body contract
B) the zonular fibers become taut
C) objects move further away from the eye
D) the lateral rectus muscle contracts
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
104) A patient diagnosed with hyperopia stands 20 feet away from the eye chart. Without corrective lenses, the images on the chart ________.
A) will come into focus posterior the retina
B) will come into focus anterior to the retina
C) will be centered on the fovea centralis
D) will be lateral to the retina
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
105) When an object is more than 20 feet from the eyes, ________.
A) the ciliary muscle relaxes
B) there is tension on the zonular fibers of the suspensory ligament
C) the lens is pulled and flattened
D) All of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
106) Being able to distinguish separate trees in the forest is an example of the resolving power of visual acuity.
Section: 10.06
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.05 Explain how the optical system of the eye creates an image on the retina.
107) Myopia generally occurs when the ________.
A) eyeball is too short
B) eyeball is too long
C) lens is uneven
D) cornea is uneven
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Gross anatomy of the eye; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
108) Damage to the postcentral gyrus of the central fissure may interfere with ________.
A) the ability to back away from an oncoming object
B) the ability to understand your friend's words
C) the ability to feel a fly land on your forearm
D) distinguishing colors
Section: 10.02
Topic: Introduction to sensory receptors
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H07.04 Identify the five lobes of the cerebral cortex and describe how the motor and sensory functions of the cerebrum are distributed among the lobes.
109) Loss of accommodation with age is ________.
A) astigmatism
B) myopia
C) hyperopia
D) presbyopia
Section: 10.06
Topic: Effects of aging on the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
110) What condition occurs when the eyeball is too short and the focal point appears behind the eyeball?
A) Astigmatism
B) Myopia
C) Hyperopia
D) Presbyopia
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
111) Which of the following occurs when there is significant asymmetry of the cornea and/or lens?
A) Myopia
B) Hyperopia
C) Astigmatism
D) Presbyopia
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
112) An individual with astigmatism would have their vision corrected by ________.
A) a convex lens
B) a concave lens
C) cylindrical lens
D) a magnifying lens
Section: 10.06
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.
113) Cells in the retina which connect photoreceptors and ganglion cells are called ________.
A) horizontal cells
B) retinal epithelial cells
C) amacrine cells
D) bipolar cells
Section: 10.07
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it.
114) The optic nerve is formed from fibers of ________.
A) rods and cones
B) bipolar cells
C) amacrine cells
D) ganglion cells
Section: 10.07
Topic: Gross anatomy of the eye
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
115) Within the eye, electrical impulses pass from ________.
A) photoreceptors to ganglion cells to bipolar cells
B) ganglion cells to bipolar cells to photoreceptors
C) photoreceptors to bipolar cells to ganglion cells
D) bipolar cells to photoreceptors to ganglion cells
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
116) The tip region of the photoreceptor cells are removed by cells of the retinal pigment epithelium by ________.
A) apoptosis
B) phagocytosis
C) opsin
D) the bleaching reaction
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
117) Functions of the pigment epithelium of the retina do NOT include ________.
A) absorption of scattered light
B) stabilize ion composition surrounding the photoreceptors
C) creating the dark current of the photoreceptors
D) delivery of nutrients to the photoreceptors
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it.
118) Only absorbed light can produce photochemical reactions that result in vision.
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
119) Dominant retinitis pigmentosa is characterized by ________.
A) deterioration of the striate cortex
B) degeneration of photoreceptors
C) degeneration of the optic nerve
D) degeneration of the cornea
Section: 10.07
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
120) What color of light is best absorbed by rods?
A) Blue-green
B) Red
C) Yellow
D) Purple
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
121) Photoreceptors contain the enzyme to re-isomerize the all-trans retinal back to the 11-cis form.
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
122) Which cells have the ability to re-isomerize the all-trans retinal back to the 11-cis form?
A) Photoreceptor cells
B) Ganglion cells
C) Pigment epithelial cells
D) Bipolar cells
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
123) What is the name of the process that re-isomerizes the all-trans retinal back to the 11-cis form?
A) Dark adaptation
B) Visual cycle of retinal
C) Bleaching reaction
D) Dark current
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
124) Retinaldehyde (retinal) is derived from ________.
A) vitamin A
B) vitamin C
C) opsin
D) vitamin D
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
125) The generator potential produced in photoreceptors is a hyperpolarization.
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
126) Inhibiting phosphodiesterase would cause the photoreceptor to undergo ________.
A) hyperpolarization
B) depolarization
C) repolarization
D) EPSPs
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.
127) In the absence of light, there is movement of Na+ in the photoreceptors causing a depolarization. This is called the ________.
A) dark adaptation
B) visual cycle of retinal
C) bleaching reaction
D) dark current
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.; I02.07 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation.
128) What causes cGMP to convert to GMP and close Na+ channels in a photoreceptor?
A) Dark current
B) Light
C) Darkness
D) Opsin
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Physiology of nerve impulse transmission
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.; I02.07 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation.
129) What type of G-proteins are associated with the visual cycle?
A) Transducins
B) Gustducins
C) Roducins
D) None of the choices are correct.
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.04 Describe how light activates photoreceptors.; I02.07 Explain the process of light and dark adaptation.
130) Layers of the ________ analyze input from cones (and rods) differently, such that one layer can add input from L and M cones to obtain information about light intensity, while another could subtract such input to obtain red-green color information.
A) hypothalamus
B) superior colliculi
C) lateral geniculate nucleus
D) red nucleus
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Neural integration in the CNS
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.; I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
131) Cone types do not include ________.
A) red
B) blue
C) yellow
D) green
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
132) Which type of cone responds to short wavelengths of 420 nm?
A) Blue cones
B) Green cones
C) Red cones
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
133) The most common form of color blindness is deuteranopia, which is congenital absence of the ________ gene.
A) M
B) L
C) S
Section: 10.07
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.; I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
134) Each cone communicates with only one ganglion cell, while many rods communicate with one ganglion cell.
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.06 Compare and contrast the function of rods and cones in vision.
135) A common visual impairment in older people that is caused by damage to the central fovea is ________.
A) geniculostriatum
B) retinitis pigmentosa
C) macular degeneration
D) bleaching
Section: 10.07
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Effects of aging on the special senses; Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.08 Relate changes in the anatomy of the eye to changes in vision.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
136) Eye movements are regulated by information sent to the ________.
A) lateral geniculate nucleus
B) hypothalamus
C) inferior colliculus
D) superior colliculus
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I01.01 Identify the accessory eye structures, the tunics, the optical components and the neural components of the eye.
137) Which type of eye movements are high velocity (400 to 800 degrees per second)?
A) Saccadic
B) Smooth pursuit
C) Vergence
D) Papillary
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
138) Vision would be impaired by ________.
A) damage to the superior colliculus
B) ablation of the medial geniculate nucleus
C) damage to the hypothalamus
D) damage to the vestibulocochlear nerve
Section: 10.07
Topic: Clinical applications of the special senses; Physiology of vision; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 3. Apply
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.; I10.01 Predict factors or situations affecting the special sense organs that could disrupt homeostasis.
139) Axons from the nasal portions of both eyes will decussate in the ________.
A) lateral geniculate nucleus
B) optic chiasma
C) superior colliculus
D) striate cortex
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
140) Information from both eyes is present in all of the following EXCEPT the ________.
A) optic tract
B) optic nerve
C) optic radiation
D) occipital lobe
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Structure and function of cranial nerves
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: H09.02 Describe the specific functions of each of the cranial nerves and classify each as sensory, motor or mixed.; I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
141) Imagine a patient is born without a ________ system. You would expect that the patient could ________, but be unable to ________.
A) geniculostriate; describe an object; locate the object
B) tectal; describe an object; locate the object
C) geniculostriate; see an object; describe an object
D) tectal; locate an object; see an object
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 4. Analyze
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
142) What type of eye movement helps you to follow a moving object?
A) Vergence
B) Saccadic
C) Fixational
D) Smooth pursuit
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.01 Describe the functions of the accessory structures of the eye.
143) Ganglion cells are stimulated optimally by ________.
A) light striking the entire retinal surface
B) light striking a spot on the retina
C) a bar of light moving on the retina
D) a bar of light striking a spot on the retina
Section: 10.08
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.; I02.03 Describe the structure of the retina and the cells that compose it.
144) Some ganglion cells of the retina contain ________ that is sensitive to luminance and helps the hypothalamus regulate circadian rhythms.
A) melatonin
B) melanopsin
C) retinal
D) photopsin
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision; Division, origin and function of parts of the brain
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.; H07.02 Correlate functions with each major area of the adult brain.
145) The ________ system is involved in the pupillary response.
A) tectal
B) geniculostriate
C) optic chiasma
D) sensory adaptation
Section: 10.07
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 1. Remember
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
146) Receptive fields of simple neurons are rectangular because they are best suited to stimulation from a slit of light.
Section: 10.08
Topic: Physiology of vision
Bloom's: 2. Understand
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
HAPS Outcome: I02.02 Trace the path of light as it passes through the eye to the retina and the path of nerve impulses from the retina to various parts of the brain.
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Connected Book
Human Physiology 15e | Test Bank with Answer Key by Stuart Fox
By Stuart Fox, Krista Rompolski