Ch11 Test Bank + Answers Nukes The Fundamentals of Nuclear - 21st Century Chemistry 2e Complete Test Bank by Kimberley Waldron. DOCX document preview.
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Chapter: Chapter 11
Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank
1. The Richter scale measures the magnitude of_________. It ranges from 1 to ____.
A) tsunamis, 5
B) nuclear accidents, 6
C) earthquakes, 10
D) hurricanes, 20
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
2. Which 19th century scientist is credited with the discovery of X-rays?
A) Marie Curie
B) Otto Hahn
C) Lise Meitner
D) Wilhelm Rontgen
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
3. When an atom of uranium undergoes fission to make two new atoms one of these is _____ and the other is______.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
4. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944? Was this person solely responsible for the discovery of fission?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1944. No, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann also worked on this research.
5. Balance the following nuclear equations.
A) _____
B) _____
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
6. True or false: In any nuclear reaction, the number of reactant atoms of one element must match the number of product atoms for that same element.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
7. The number 36 represents the number of ________ in this element:
A) electrons
B) neutrons
C) protons
D) neutrons plus protons
E) protons plus electrons.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
8. True or false: Chemical processes always involve the rearrangement of protons.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
9. Which of the following represent(s) a chemical reaction and which represent(s) a nuclear reaction?
A) _____
B) _____
C) _____
D) _____
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
10. A representation of an alpha particle would be _____.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
11. Why do nuclear equations that involve beta decay appear to be unbalanced?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: During beta decay a neutron is converted into a proton and an electron.
12. How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in each isotope?
A) _____ protons; _____ electrons, and _____ neutrons.
B) _____ protons; _____ electrons, and _____ neutrons.
C) _____ protons; _____ electrons, and _____ neutrons.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
13. An isotope of contains how many electrons?
A) 243
B) 146
C) 340
D) 97
E) 11
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
14. Write the complete symbol (including subscript and superscript) for the isotope that contains the following:
A) 58 protons and 83 neutrons: _____
B) 93 protons and 144 neutrons: _____
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
15. What is the complete symbol (including subscript and superscript) for the isotope that contains 62 protons and 88 neutrons?
A)
B)
C)
D)
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
16. What is the complete symbol (including subscript and superscript) for the isotope that has an atomic number of 68 and mass number of 167?
A)
B)
C)
D)
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
17. Which of the following scientists contributed to our modern-day understanding of the atom?
A) Marie Curie
B) Susan Solomon
D) Gloria Manney
E) Richard Holmes
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
18. Elements in which part of the periodic table are MOST likely to be radioactive?
A) the upper right
B) the upper left
C) the upper middle
D) the very bottom
E) the lower left
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
19. Radioactive atoms
A) will glow in a dark room.
B) will release energy or particles when their nuclei undergo reactions.
C) will have a given number of protons and neutrons that will not change over time.
D) all of the above
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
20. An atom of Ytterbium, Yb, undergoes fission and forms two atoms, one of which is antimony, Sb. The other atom that forms is _____.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
21. Indicate whether each is a nuclear reaction or chemical reaction.
A) _____
B) _____
C) _____
D) _____
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
22. The equation showing alpha decay of Rn-222 is _____.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.1
23. Why is gamma radiation generally not included when writing nuclear reactions?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It is a type of light and is usually given off along with alpha or beta particles. It does not affect the balance of a nuclear reaction and is understood to be present even if it is not written.
24. Why do most nuclear bombs contain two separate portions of fissionable material?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: To ensure that the mass of explosive material is subcritical and that the bomb does not detonate prematurely.
25. What part of a nuclear power plants contains the fissionable material?
A) the cooling tower
B) the control rods
C) the transformer
D) the turbine
E) the containment building
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.2
26. What is used to ensure that a nuclear reaction in a power plant does not overheat the reactor core?
A) a wind turbine
B) a chain reaction
C) control rods
D) the cooling tower
E) all of the above
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.2
27. A chain reaction
A) is a series of fission reactions.
B) is the sequence of reactions that occurs from one half-life to another.
C) is the sequence of decay events that causes a radioactive nucleus to become non-radioactive.
D) is the method used to safely dispose of nuclear waste.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.2
28. Radon that is found in many homes comes from
A) the breakdown of nuclear waste that is continually being transported across the country.
B) ultraviolet radiation entering the home through windows and skylights.
C) the decay of uranium in rocks under or near the home.
D) the decomposition of compounds used in dry cleaning that are prevalent in most homes.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
29. True or false: Nuclear power plants are cleaner than coal-fired power plants.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
30. True or false: It is easy to determine the likelihood of radon present in a home based on its geographical location.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
31. Which of the following does not decay to radon?
A) U-238
B) Th-230
C) Pb-206
D) Pa-234
E) U-234
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
32. A radioactive substance has a half-life of 4.2 days. If 100 g of the substance is present at the start, _____ grams are present after 8.4 days.
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 11.3
33. How many years will it take for 100 g of a radioactive substance whose half-life is 200 years to decay to less than 1 g of radioactive material?
A) 200 years
B) 400 years
C) 600 years
D) 800 years
E) 1000 years
F) 1200 years
G) 1400 years
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
34. The average person receives the majority of his/her radiation in the form of ____ each year.
A) X-rays
B) sunlight
C) nuclear medicine
D) radon
E) rocks and soil
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
35. A natural form of radiation is
A) the radiation we receive from medical X-rays.
B) radon.
C) radio waves.
D) radiation from lead pipes.
E) all of the above
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
36. True or false: X-rays account for the majority of radiation that most people receive during their lifetime.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.3
37. Which of the following types of radiation is stopped by paper?
A) alpha particles
B) beta particles
C) gamma radiation
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.4
38. Which of the following will block gamma radiation?
A) paper
B) skin
C) aluminum
D) a thick piece of lead
E) none of the above
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.4
39. Why do patients undergoing radiation treatment for cancer exhibit side effects such as nausea, fatigue, and hair loss?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: These are all symptoms of radiation sickness that one would experience from accidental exposure to radiation. Since someone undergoing radiation treatment is receiving high doses of radiation, they experience the same symptoms.
40. Since alpha and beta particles do not easily penetrate the skin, are they dangerous to humans?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Yes, they can be inhaled and damage healthy cells once taken into the body.
41. Do radioactive isotopes react in similar ways chemically to their non-radioactive counterparts?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Yes, they react in a similar way chemically.
42. What parts of the body are most quickly affected by radiation?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The fastest growing tissues in the body are affected the most because each new cell is exposed to radiation as it is created.
43. Are gamma rays more or less energetic than X-rays?
A) more
B) less
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.4
44. If a person is exposed to a total of 5 rem of radiation per year, is this level below or above the level that causes radiation sickness?
A) below
B) above
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.4
45. Why is sodium iodide containing I-131 used to analyze the thyroid gland for suspected thyroid disease?
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Essay
section: 11.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The thyroid takes up iodine. Radioactive iodine will be taken up by the thyroid in the same manner as non-radioactive iodine.