Energy Power Climate Change Ch.12 Verified Test Bank - 21st Century Chemistry 2e Complete Test Bank by Kimberley Waldron. DOCX document preview.
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Chapter: Chapter 12
Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank
1. The introduction to Chapter 12 discussed floor tiles at the Simon Langton Grammar School. How is power supplied to the floor tiles at this school in England?
A) Wires under the floor power them.
B) Friction from footfalls on the tiles is converted to electricity.
C) Each tile comes equipped with a small battery
D) The tiles are connected by a special interlocking system. When one tile is disturbed, it transmits small vibrations to all the other tiles, causing them to light up.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.1
2. True or false: Since a water wheel that turns at a faster rate produces more energy than one that turns at a slow rate, we can say that power and energy are equivalent.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.1
3. When you eat a meal and then go out for a bike ride, this is an example of which of the following types of energy conversion?
A) solar energy being converted to food energy
B) chemical (food) energy being converted into mechanical energy
C) electrical energy being converted to mechanical energy
D) mechanical energy being converted to heat energy
E) heat energy being converted to electrical energy
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 11.1
4. Which one of the following is a unit for power?
A) joule
B) calorie
C) watt
D) meter
E) torr
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.1
5. A 200-watt light bulb uses _____ joules of energy over a 24-hour period.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 12.1
6. Which light bulb uses more power: one that uses 60 watts of power or one that uses 400 joules every 3 seconds?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: 400 joules/3 seconds = 133 watts. This is greater than 60 watts so this bulb uses more power.
7. The majority of electrical energy that goes into lighting a light bulb does not produce light energy. Instead it produces
A) nuclear energy.
B) mechanical energy.
C) chemical energy.
D) thermal energy.
E) solar energy.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.1
8. Has a device ever been created that produces more energy than it creates? Why or why not?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Even though many patents exist for such a device, one has never been created. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
9. Do electrical generators violate the first law of thermodynamics?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: No, they use some other form of energy to produce electricity, such as wood or gasoline.
10. What are the two main elements found in all fossil fuels?
A) phosphorus and sulfur
B) oxygen and nitrogen
C) carbon and hydrogen
D) silicon and aluminum
E) carbon and oxygen
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
11. A country that uses 1.0 × 1020 joules of energy per year uses _____ exajoules of energy per year.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 12.2
12. During the 1700s and 1800s, the primary source of energy in the United States was
A) whale fat.
B) wood.
C) natural gas.
D) coal.
E) hydroelectric power.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
13. Which of the following is a fossil fuel?
A) wood
B) nuclear energy
C) solar energy
D) petroleum
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
14. Which of the following sources of energy showed the greatest increase from 1900 to 2012?
A) coal
B) solar energy
C) wind energy
D) hydroelectric energy
E) petroleum
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
15. Which of the following molecules would boil at the lowest temperature?
A) C8H18
B) C2H6
C) C4H10
D) C16H34
E) C10H22
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
16. Which of the following molecules would not be considered a hydrocarbon?
A) C6H6
B) C2H5OH
C) CH4
D) C6H14
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
17. True or false: Hydrocarbon molecules are always straight chain molecules made up of carbon and hydrogen.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 11
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
18. In a fractionation column, hydrocarbons with the ______ boiling point will move the _________ in the fractionating column.
A) lowest; highest
B) highest; lowest
C) lowest; lowest
D) highest; highest
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
19. The purpose of an oil refinery is
A) to clean the debris out of crude oil.
B) to separate the oil based on how many carbon atoms are in each component.
C) to convert all the oil into gasoline that can be used in vehicles.
D) to remove sulfur from the oil, which is a contaminant.
E) none of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
20. Explain why hydrocarbons with more carbon atoms tend to have higher boiling points.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The more carbon atoms in a molecule, the more surface area a molecule has. The higher surface area allows a molecule to interact more with its neighboring molecules. The more interactions that occur between neighboring molecules, the more difficult it will be for individual molecules to break away from each other. Higher temperatures will be required to disrupt these interactions, resulting in higher boiling points.
21. Which one of the following would stay closest to the bottom of a fractionating column?
A) methane
B) gasoline
C) wax
D) diesel oil
E) kerosene
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.2
22. In addition to a hydrocarbon, what substance must be present in a combustion reaction?
A) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
C) water
D) oxygen
E) all of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
23. A car’s power is usually expressed in which of the following units?
A) joules
B) calories
C) watts
D) horsepower
E) grams
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
24. True or false: Cars with high fuel economy tend to be more powerful.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
25. The fuel economy of a car is
A) the distance a car can travel on a given volume of fuel.
B) higher for cars with high horsepower.
C) generally higher for cars that can transport more passengers.
D) lower for smaller cars.
E) equivalent to the horsepower of the car.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
26. True or false: If humans did not use fossil fuels, there would be no greenhouse effect.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
27. The greenhouse effect is due to _____.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 12.3
28. Explain the difference between global warming and climate change.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Global warming is just one aspect of climate change. Other components of climate change include rising sea levels, melting glaciers, changing ecosystems, and a variety of other changes.
29. The earth has been getting noticeably warmer since
A) the 1980s.
B) the 1890s.
C) the 1950s.
D) 400,000 years ago.
E) 1 million years ago.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
30. Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere traps heat from the sun and makes life on Earth possible. Why then should we be concerned about adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere if it is a natural occurrence and beneficial to life on Earth?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: For 650,000 years CO2 never exceeded 300 ppm in the atmosphere. In 1950 it exceeded this level and has not been below 300 ppm since.
31. What are some examples of climate change that are happening across the globe?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Shrinking glaciers, thinning of Arctic sea ice, rising sea levels.
32. Explain if the following statement is true or false: If we reduce our carbon emissions immediately, climate change will be quickly reversed.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: False. Even if we reduce our carbon emissions right away, climate change will continue for hundreds or thousands or years.
33. Which of the following is a greenhouse gas?
A) nitrogen
B) carbon dioxide
C) oxygen
D) helium
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.3
34. What was the seemingly insurmountable challenge that cities in the 1800s faced, and how was it solved?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The huge amounts of horse dung that were accumulating in cities around the world. Streetcars and automobiles were introduced, so horse dung became less of a problem.
35. What new safety law caused Henry Ford to worry that enforcement of such a law would cause his company to shut down?
A) the law requiring all cars to have roofs
B) the headlight law
C) the safety belt law
D) the law requiring doors to open back to front, as they do today
E) the law requiring an increase in fuel economy
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.4
36. The CAFE law refers to
A) the 1975 law requiring a doubling of fuel economy.
B) the 1965 law requiring all car owners to have insurance.
C) the law requiring use of non-leaded gas in cars and light trucks.
D) the law requiring installation of coffee and drink holders in all cars.
E) none of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.4
37. What method did the people of Utsira use to store excess energy produced by wind power?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: They purchased a generator that splits water into hydrogen and oxygen, and then (or stored for later use) used the hydrogen to produce energy in a fuel cell
38. Explain the process of electrolysis.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Electrolysis is the process of using electricity to split water molecules
39. Explain how hydrogen can act as a fuel.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Hydrogen can react with oxygen in a fuel cell. A fuel cell produces electrical energy by making use of certain chemical reactions.
40. Your book gave examples of oxidation reactions and reduction reactions. Can an oxidation reaction occur alone? Can a reduction reaction occur alone? Why or why not?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Oxidation and reduction reactions must occur together. Reduction produces electrons, and these electrons are then used in an oxidation reaction.
41. Label each reaction as either an oxidation or reduction reaction:
A) _____
B) _____
C) _____
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 12.5
42. Electrolysis is not commonly used to create hydrogen because
A) it requires a lot of energy and is very costly.
B) it must be performed at high altitude.
C) it produces very small amounts of hydrogen.
D) the hydrogen that is produced cannot be further oxidized to produce energy.
E) none of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
43. A half reaction refers to
A) half of a chemical reaction, either the reactants or the products.
B) a reaction that produces half the normal amount of product.
C) either oxidation or reduction in a REDOX reaction.
D) a reaction that is half as fast as a standard reaction.
E) any of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
44. True or false: It is easy to recognize a REDOX reaction because it always has electrons written as part of the reaction.
A) true
B) false
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
45. In a fuel cell, oxidation occurs at the
A) inlet.
B) anode.
C) cathode.
D) terminus.
E) barrier.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
46. The flow of electrons in a fuel cell produces
A) water.
B) an electric current.
C) light energy.
D) a cathode.
E) none of the above
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
47. Explain why fuel cells are not in common use.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Fuel cells rely on hydrogen. Hydrogen is difficult to produce and store. Using electrolysis to produce hydrogen is very costly.
48. Hydrogen powered cars are always a greener option than gasoline powered cars. Explain whether this statement is valid or not.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.5
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Because it requires large amounts of energy to produce the hydrogen used in hydrogen powered cars, they may be a dirtier option than gasoline cars because large amounts of coal or other fossil fuels would have to be used to create electricity to form the hydrogen that is used in a hydrogen car.
49. In a fuel cell, oxygen molecules are converted to
A) hydrogen molecules.
B) oxygen atoms.
C) water molecules.
D) electrons.
E) none of these
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.5
50. The products of photosynthesis are:
A) Carbon dioxide and water
B) Glucose and oxygen
C) Methane and other hydrocarbons
D) Water and cellulose
E) None of these
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.6
51. A photovoltaic cell converts:
A) Chemical bond energy into electrical energy
B) Chemical bond energy into mechanical energy
C) Light energy into electrical energy
D) Chemical bond energy into solar energy
E) Mechanical energy into heat energy
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.6
52. Explain the process by which electrons move in a photovoltaic cell.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: When light strikes a photovoltaic cell, an electron can move from one energy level in the semiconductor (often silicon) to a higher energy level. Electrons in the higher energy level move throughout the semiconductor and produce electric current. In addition, the hole left behind when the electron moves to a higher level can be filled by another electron, which leads to more electron traffic in the silicon.
53. In a NiMH battery, what chemical reaction occurs at the anode? What chemical reaction occurs at the cathode?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Oxidation occurs at the anode, where nickel is oxidized. At the cathode, a mixture of metals is reduced.
54. Why are the half reactions that occur in a battery separated physically from one another?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: So that electrons can flow from the anode to the cathode and produce electric current that can be used to power the battery.
55. Explain chemically why a NiMH battery is rechargeable.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The half reactions that take place in a NiMH battery are reversible chemical reactions and can take place in the forward and reverse direction, making the battery rechargeable.
56. Explain the process of net-metering.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Net-metering is the process by which electrical energy that is produced by a solar -powered home is given back to the electrical grid and can be used by other homes in the grid that are not solar-powered.
57. Explain why Germany, which is not normally considered to be a very sunny country, can effectively use solar energy.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Germany receives between 2 and 4 peak sun hours per day, which is sufficient to make good use of solar power.
58. Describe one of the main criticisms of using solar power that was discussed in your text.
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Solar power is not very efficient at this point in time, leading some to criticize its widespread use. However, as efficiencies increase it will be possible to use solar power in a wide variety of geographical locations.
59. What has the U.S. government done in an attempt to increase the efficiency of solar panels?
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Essay
section: 12.6
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The U.S. Department of Energy has issued a challenge called the SunShot Initiative which aims to make solar power equal in cost or less expensive than fossil- fuel- based power by 2020.
60. Which of the following states receives the most peak sun hours per day?
A) Colorado
B) Florida
C) Alaska
D) Virginia
E) Arizona
chaptername: 12
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 12.6
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