Ch9 Test Bank Salts Aqueous Water Interaction

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Chapter: Chapter 9

Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank

1. Predict the charge on an ion of each of the following atoms:

A) Ca __

B) Na __

C) Cs __

D) Sr __

E) N __

F) Br __

G) O __

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.1

2. Write the chemical formula for the salt that forms when an ion of magnesium combines with an ion of sulfur: _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.1

3. Write the chemical formula for the salt that forms when an ion of calcium combines with an ion of chlorine: _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.1

4. Write the chemical formula for the salt that forms when an ion of lithium combines with an ion of oxygen: _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.1

5. Write the chemical formula for the salt that forms when an ion of rubidium combines with an ion of iodine: _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.1

6. Which would you predict would have the higher boiling point: Carbon dioxide or NaCl? Why?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: NaCl would have a higher boiling point because it exists as a crystalline ionic solid. The forces between CO₂ molecules would be much weaker than within an ionic solid.

7. Predict which of these ionic solids would have the higher melting point: NaCl or MgBr₂. Why?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: MgBr₂ would have a higher melting point because it has higher charges on the ions.

8. Which one of the following is not a salt?

A) K₂CO₃

B) C₃H₈

C) Li₂S

D) CaO

E) RbF

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.1

9. Which one of the following contains a polyatomic ion?

A) K₂CO₃

B) C₃H₈

C) Li₂S

D) CaO

E) RbF

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.2

10. Write the name and the charge of the polyatomic ion in each of the following salts.

A) Li₂SO₄ _____

B) NaHCO₃ _____

C) CaCrO₄ _____

D) KMnO₄ _____

E) KCN _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.2

11. The chemical formula for sodium acetate is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

12. The chemical formula for calcium dichromate is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

13. The chemical formula for potassium phosphate is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

14. The chemical formula for lithium perchlorate is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

15. The chemical formula for rubidium hydroxide is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

16. The name of the salt KCN is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

17. The name of the salt Na₂HPO₄ is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

18. The name of the salt Cs₂SO₄ is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

19. The name of the salt NH₄Br is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

20. The name of the salt Al(NO₃)₃ is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

21. The formula and molar mass for the salt potassium dichromate are _____ and _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

22. The formula and molar mass for the salt strontium dihydrogen phosphate are _____ and _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

23. The formula and molar mass for the salt magnesium carbonate are _____ and ______.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.2

24. Label the type of intermolecular force that would dominate between each pair. The choices are hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole forces, and ion-dipole forces

A) water and MgCO₃: _____

B) NH₃ and chlorine ions: _____

C) two CO molecules: _____

D) an ozone molecule, O₃ and a water molecule: _____

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.3

25. H₂S is structurally very similar to water. Would this molecule experience hydrogen bonding? Why or why not?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It would not. In order to experience hydrogen bonding a molecule must have a hydrogen atom directly bonded to either an N, O or F atom.

26. Define dissociation.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: When a salt breaks up into its ions to become part of a solution, this event is known as dissociation of the salt.

27. Explain the difference between an intramolecular force and an intermolecular force.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: An intramolecular force exists within a molecular while an intermolecular force exists between molecules.

28. Why does salt seem to “disappear” when it is dissolved in water?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The salt dissolves into its ions, which become hydrated by water molecules. Since the water is present in greater amount, the salt seems to disappear as it dissolves.

29. Will a solution of ethanol, C₂H₅OH, dissolve well in water? Why or why not?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The ethanol will dissolve well in the water because like water, it has a dipole.

30. Explain why a molecule such as C₈H₁₈ will not dissolve well in water.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: C₈H₁₈ is a nonpolar substance and does not have an appreciable dipole. Therefore, based on the idea of “like dissolves like” it will not dissolve well in water.

31. Describe the term “dynamic equilibrium”.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Dynamic equilibrium refers to a state in which a system experiences no “net” change. Atoms or molecules may be changing from one form to another but the rate at which the changes occur are equal to one another.

32. Would a sealed water bottle that is half filled with water be a system that experiences dynamic equilibrium?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Yes, the water in the liquid phase would be evaporating to the gas phase while at the same time molecules in the gas phase would be condensing to the liquid phase.

33. Why is the mummification of a body using natron salts NOT a system at equilibrium?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: There is a large excess of salt compared to the amount of water in the body. The salts will remove water from the body but will not return to the body due to the excess of salt.

34. What substance is always present in an electrolyte solution?

A) sucrose

B) molecules lacking a dipole

C) ions

D) gases

E) All of the above.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.4

35. Explain why sports drinks should not have a high sugar content.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.4

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Sugar will prevent water from passing through the stomach wall and into the body’s cells where it is needed.

36. Why is orange juice not an ideal candidate to replace lost fluid and electrolytes after an athletic workout?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.4

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It contains too much sugar, which will prevent water from passing through the stomach wall and into the body’s cells where it is needed.

37. Which of the following solutions would make the strongest electrolyte?

A) a 500 mM solution of MgCl₂

B) a 1.0 M solution of MgCl₂

C) a 1.5 M solution of MgCl₂

D) a 2.0 M solution of MgCl₂.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.4

38. Which one of the following solutions will NOT conduct electricity?

A) a 1.0 M solution of KCl

B) a solution of sugar and pure water

C) a solution of 0.50 M KNO₃

D) a solution containing sodium, chloride and potassium ions.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 9.4

39. The chemical equation that shows the dissociation of NaHCO₃ is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

40. The chemical equation that shows the dissociation of K₂SO₄ is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

41. The chemical equation that shows the dissociation of LiOH is _____.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-the-Blank

section: 9.4

42. The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2.5 g of KOH in 250.0 mL of water is _____ M.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

43. 325 mL of a 1.4 M solution contains _____ grams of sodium chloride.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

44. If the minimum lethal dose of fluoride is 5.0 mg/kg of body weight, _____ grams of 0.15 % by mass fluoride toothpaste could safely be ingested by a 65 pound child.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

45. The molarity of a solution made by dissolving 2.5 moles of salt in 850 mL of water is _____ M.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

46. A salt solution is 5.6 % by mass. If you have 3000 g of this solution, there is _____ g of salt in the solution.

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 9.4

47. Why do tomato plants die in salty soil?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.5

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The salt in the soil sucks the water out of the plants and they die.

48. What is one example of a semipermeable membrane found in the human body?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.5

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: A cell wall

49. When the salt concentration outside of a cell is very high, will water move into the cell or out of the cell?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.5

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Water will move into the cell in order to establish equilibrium and dilute the salt concentration within the cell.

50. How have tomato plants been genetically altered to tolerate high salt soil?

chaptername: 9

questiontype: Essay

section: 9.5

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: A gene from a cabbage plant has been inserted into tomato plants. The gene causes the tomato plant to pump ions against the natural gradient, which causes the plant to pump ions into the leaves of the plant but not the tomato itself.