Recycling & Sustainability Ch13 Test Questions & Answers

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Chapter: Chapter 13

Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank

1. Which of the following can be made from recycled plastics?

A) clothing

B) buildings

C) paint

D) toothbrushes

E) all of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.1

2. Why does so much plastic waste end up in the North Pacific Ocean Gyre?

A) Ocean currents travelling in difference directions pass each other and create a vortex which traps any plastic floating on the currents.

B) The main current from China, the world’s largest producer of plastic, dumps out into the North Pacific Ocean Gyre.

C) All global currents meet here so any plastic that makes its way into the ocean will be trapped here.

D) There are many large container boating accidents in the vicinity. Most plastic waste in the ocean comes from container ships.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.1

3. Is this statement true or false? Explain. “Sustainability is a way to use products in a linear fashion.”

A) This statement is true. Sustainable processes use all items in a process (using all items is said to be using them in a linear fashion).

B) This statement is true. Sustainable processes use and produce products in a step-by-step way, or in other words, linearly.

C) This statement is false. Sustainable processes re-use items so that the process is considered to be circular, not linear.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.1

4. If you were able to see the North Pacific Ocean Gyre from an airplane, would it look like a pile of trash floating in the ocean? Why or why not?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: No, most of the plastic in the ocean gets broken down into small pieces so the Gyre would not look like a giant pile of trash as most of the plastic would be too hard to see from a plane since it is so small.

5. How is Bakelite different from modern plastics? How is it the same?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Bakelite is different because it is not recyclable. It is the same in that it is made of a polymer, but it is difficult to dispose of once made.

6. What is the North Pacific Ocean Gyre?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It is an area of the Pacific Ocean that moves in a clockwise direction. It is also an area of the ocean where many ocean currents meet. Due to these factors, much of the trash that enters the ocean ends up in this gyre.

7. About what percentage of the plastic made around the world each year winds up in the ocean?

A) 10%

B) 15%

C) 20%

D) 30%

E) 50%

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.1

8. Explain the term biodegrade.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: When something bio-degrades it breaks down naturally into smaller and smaller pieces.

9. Explain why the process of manufacturing plastic is unsustainable.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: A very small percent of the plastics manufactured on Earth are recycled. Millions of pounds of plastic find its way into landfills and the ocean. As we continue to manufacture plastic, we continue to add to an ever-growing mound of plastic that does not get reused or recycled.

10. What are two solutions that would make the production and use of plastics more sustainable?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Producing less plastic or producing biodegradable plastic would make this a more sustainable process, though it will never be wholly sustainable.

11. What is the purpose of performing a life cycle analysis for a particular product?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: A life cycle assessment provides an idea of how much energy goes into making, distributing, selling, using and disposing of a product. By performing a life cycle assessment, a company can determine the most energy efficient and cost-effective way to make, distribute, sell, and dispose of a product.

12. Explain the term cradle-to-grave analysis.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Cradle-to-grave analysis refers to tracking a product from the time it is produced to the time that it is no longer used.

13. How is the cradle–to-grave approach different from the cradle-to-cradle approach for product design?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The cradle-to-cradle approach incorporates plans for reusing a product, instead of just assuming that the product will end up in a landfill, which is often the case in the cradle-to-grave approach.

14. What are some possible uses of an old, discarded Nike sneaker, as described in your text?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The sneaker can be dismantled, ground up and used in other footwear, for the surface of sport courts, fields, tracks, or playground surfaces.

15. Paper cups have a much lower carbon footprint than plastic cups. Which of these has the higher water footprint?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Paper cups have a higher water footprint.

16. Most bottled water comes from

A) pure mountain streams.

B) filtered municipal water.

C) recycled waste water.

D) small ponds and lakes.

E) desalinated ocean water.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.1

17. The prefix poly- means

A) not.

B) many.

C) quickly.

D) plastic.

E) none of these

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.2

18. List at least four words that begin with the prefix poly-.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Fill-In-the-Blank

section: 13.2

The answer should include the following information: Words such as polygon, polygamy, polynomial, polyatomic, or polygraph.

19. Does a polymer only contain one type of monomer? Provide examples to explain your answer.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: No, for example polysaccharides are made up of the monomer glucose but no other monomers. Proteins, on the other hand, are polymers that are made up of different amino acids. Polymers may or may not contain different types of monomers.

20. What determines the physical properties of a particular polymer?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Both the type of monomers it contains and how these monomers are arranged or joined together to make the polymer.

21. What does the word “plastic” mean?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It means capable of change.

22. What are three examples of polymers that are not manufactured in a laboratory?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Proteins, some carbohydrates, natural rubber.

23. Instead of writing the chemical structure of an entire polymer, what is the normal practice used to represent the structure of polymers?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: One writes the repeating unit of the monomer and encloses it in brackets. A subscript to the right of the bracket shows how many times the monomer repeats itself in the polymer.

24. Polyisoprene is the primary component of natural rubber and is also used to make

A) nylon leggings.

B) sunglass frames.

C) chewing gum.

D) contact lenses.

E) all of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.2

25. If it is unknown how many times a monomer repeats itself in a particular polymer, how do scientists represent the structure of the polymer?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The monomer is written in brackets and the letter “n” is written as a subscript outside to the right of the bracket to show that the monomer repeats a certain number, n, times.

26. Based on the chemical structure, explain why polyisoprene is a nonpolar polymer.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Polyisoprene contains only carbon and hydrogen, joined together by carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, both of which are nonpolar. Thus, the polymer itself is quite nonpolar.

27. Should a polymer that is used to create the soles of shoes be made from a hydrophobic or hydrophilic polymer? Explain your answer.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: A polymer used to create the soles of shoes should be made from a hydrophobic polymer so that your feet don’t get wet.

28. Is the polymer that is used to make contact lenses made from a hydrocarbon monomer? Why or why not?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: No, it is made from a monomer that contains oxygen atoms, which give the monomer more polarity, ensuring that the contact lens will be accepted into the watery environment of the eye.

29. What aspect of the monomer used to make contact lenses ensures that the contact lens will be flexible?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The backbone of the monomer is made up of carbon-carbon single bonds, which provide more flexibility than double bonds.

30. What is it about the chemical structure of Kevlar that provides rigidity to this polymer?

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The carbon-nitrogen bond and the benzene ring lend rigidity to this polymer.

31. A crystallite is

A) a plastic that is translucent.

B) a highly ordered crystalline region in a polymer.

C) a plastic whose shape cannot be molded.

D) a plastic that will not form cross-links within the structure.

E) all of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.3

32. Explain why linear polymers tend to be more rigid and resistant to external influences than branched polymers.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.3

Feedback: The answer must include the following information: Linear polymer can stack more tightly together than branched polymers and the strands of individual polymer will interact more with one another than the strands of a branched polymer.

33. Which of the following polymers would you expect to form the more rigid plastic?

A)

B)

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.3

34. A thermoplastic polymer

A) is a polymer that, once heated to high temperatures, cannot be remolded into a new shape.

B) is always rigid and inflexible.

C) can be heated to become pliable and then remolded into a new shape.

D) contains high numbers of crystallites that make the plastic inflexible.

E) is made of the polymer Bakelite.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

35. Which of the following products is NOT made from a thermoplastic polymer?

A) plastic dinnerware

B) cell phone cases

C) contact lenses

D) a phone made of Bakelite

E) a plastic chair

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

36. Which of these polymers melts the most readily?

A) HDPE

B) PVC

C) PET

D) polystyrene

E) polypropylene

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

37. Which city recycles the most plastic per capita?

A) New York City

B) Washington, D.C.

C) Seattle

D) San Francisco

E) Los Angeles

Ans; D

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

38. The resin ID code on plastic, numbered 1 through 6,

A) gives an indication of how many polymers are contained in the plastic.

B) indicates how easily recycled each plastic is.

C) indicates how many new polymers can be created from the plastic.

D) indicates how many years ago the plastic was manufactured.

E) tells you how many times the plastic has been remolded.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

39. Polylactic acid is not easily recycled because

A) it is made from straight chain polymers.

B) it must be degraded into its monomers when it is recycled.

C) it is a thermosetting polymer.

D) it contains electronegative atoms.

E) none of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

40. Polylactic acid is a sustainable polymer because

A) it breaks down easily.

B) it is made from fast-growing plants.

C) it is used to make products that can be broken down and made into other plastics.

D) it is made from slow-growing trees.

E) none of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

41. Which of these structures would you expect to be more easily biodegradable? Why?

a)

b)

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.4

Feedback: The answer must include the following information: The first structure, structure a, would be more biodegradable because of the presence of the electronegative oxygen atoms.

42. True or false: Polymers that contain an electronegative atom in their structure tend to biodegrade more easily than those that do not.

A) true

B) false

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

43. Which of the following are products made from recycled plastics? Circle all that apply.

A) fleece jackets

B) buildings

C) paint

D) carpet

E) sneaker

F) all of the above

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4

44. Organize the steps of a municipal recycling program from start to finish: chipping/flaking, washing/sterilization, separation, melting/reforming

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Essay

section: 13.4

Feedback: The answer must include the following information: Separation, chipping/flaking, washing/sterilization, melting/reforming

45. If a piece of plastic waste is not recycled and it doesn’t make its way to a landfill or waterway (river, lake, ocean, stream, etc.), what is its most likely fate? Assume that it is disposed of and not left on the side of a road or carelessly discarded.

A) It will break down into small enough pieces that are not visible to the naked eye.

B) It will be incinerated.

C) It will be put outside so that the sun can melt it.

D) It will be stored until future generations come up with a way to re-use it more efficiently than present methods allow.

chaptername: 13

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 13.4