Ch10 Full Test Bank pH and Acid Rain Acid Rain and Our

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Chapter: Chapter 10

Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank

1. What are two ways to depict a proton in aqueous solution?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.1

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: H⁺ or H₃O⁺

2. Acid rain can damage which of the following?

A) forests

B) lakes

C) marble statues

D) paint

E) plants

F) All of the above.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.1

3. An acid will contain

A) a hydrogen atom that is missing its one electron.

B) an oxygen atom.

C) the hydroxide ion.

D) a halogen.

E) None of the above.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.1

4. True or false: Pure water contains ions.

A) true

B) false

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.1

5. If you are given a chemical equation showing the dissociation of an acid, how can you tell if the acid is strong or weak?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The dissociation of a strong acid will be depicted with a one way arrow while the dissociation of a weak acid will be depicted with an arrow showing that equilibrium exists (a double arrow).

6. When water ionizes, why does one of the hydrogen atoms lose an electron while the hydroxide ion gains an electron?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The oxygen atom is more electronegative than the hydrogen atom, so it is able to pull an electron toward itself.

7. If 1.0 L of water contains 2.0 × 10^–7 moles of H⁺ ions, is this solution acidic or basic?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Since an acidic solution contains at least 1.0 × 10^–7 moles of H⁺ per liter of water, this will be an acidic solution.

8. Will pure water always have the same concentration of H⁺ ions as it does OH^– ions? Why or why not?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Yes, since water ionizes into H⁺ and OH^–, it will have an equal concentration of each ion.

9. When a strong acid dissolves in water, it breaks apart into ions. Will these ions be in equilibrium with the undissolved acid?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: No, a strong acid will break apart completely to ions and will not reform the original acid. Thus, no equilibrium exists between the ions and the acid.

10. The chemical equation for the dissociation of H₂SO₄ is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

11. Based on the following chemical reaction, determine if H₂Cr₂O₇ is an acid or a base. Also, determine if it is a strong or weak acid or a strong or weak base.

H₂Cr₂O₇ (aq) + H₂O (l) ⇌ 2H⁺ (aq) + Cr₂O₇^2– (aq)

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: This substance is an acid because it forms protons when dissolved in water. It is a weak acid.

12. The pH of solution 1.0 × 10^–6 M H⁺ is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

13. The pH of solution 1.0 × 10^–11 M H⁺ is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

14. The pH of solution 5.6 × 10^–4 M H⁺ is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

15. The pH of solution 7.8 × 10^–5 M H⁺ is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

16. True or false: A solution that has a pH of 10.2 would be considered an acidic solution.

A) true

B) false

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.2

17. Which of the following are acids and which are bases?

A) H₃PO₄ _____

B) KOH _____

C) NaOH _____

D) HI _____

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

18. Determine if each substance is an acid, a base, or a salt.

A) KI _____

B) HNO₃ _____

C) Ca(OH)₂ _____

D) LiClO₃ _____

E) H₂CO₃ _____

F) HCN _____

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

19. If the concentration of a strong acid is 18 M, then _____ moles of this acid are in 300 mL of water.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

20. If 100 mL of H₂SO₄ is dissolved in 200 mL of water, would you expect the resulting solution to be acidic, basic or neutral? Why?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Since H₂SO₄ is an acid, the resulting solution will be acidic.

21. Determine if each of the following pH values represents an acidic, basic, or neutral solution:

A) 3.5 _____

B) 8.8 _____

C) 2.1 _____

D) 10.4 _____

E) 11.2 _____

F) 7.0 _____

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

22. Identify each substance as acidic, basic, or neutral:

A) lemon juice _____

B) stomach fluid _____

C) milk of magnesia _____

D) NaOH _____

E) baking soda _____

F) seawater _____

G) pure water _____

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

23. Is a substance whose [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10^–10 M more or less basic than one whose [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10^–8 M?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The substance in which [H⁺] = 1.0 × 10^–10 M will be more basic than the one in which [H⁺]= 1.0 × 10^–8 M. The first substance has a pH of 10 and the second has a pH of 8.

24. How much more acidic is a substance whose pH = 4 than a substance whose pH = 7?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The substance will be 1000 times more acidic.

25. The pH of a substance whose pOH is 4.0 is _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

26. For each of the following pOH values, determine if the substance is acidic, basic, or neutral.

A) 10.5 _____

B) 2.6 _____

C) 3.8 _____

D) 6.9 _____

E) 12.1 _____

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.2

27. A substance contains 1.0 × 10^–9 moles of H⁺ per liter of water. Is this substance acidic or basic? What is the pH?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The substance is basic and has a pH of 9.

28. If phenolphthalein has been added to 100 mL of a clear solution and the solution does not change color when the phenolphthalein is added, what can we deduce about the pH of the solution?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The solution has a pH of less than 8.3.

29. What made planes turn pink after they had been painted with a colorless paint that contained phenolphthalein?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Corrosion on the planes produced hydroxide ions which caused the colorless paint to turn pink in the presence of phenolphthalein.

30. What is the difference between phenolphthalein and a universal indicator?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.2

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Phenolphthalein is clear at pH less than 8.3 and becomes bright pink at higher pH levels. A universal indicator contains different compounds and changes to different colors depending on the exact pH.

31. True or false: The pH of natural, clean rainwater is neutral.

A) true

B) false

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

32. One side effect of breathing ozone regularly is

A) change in skin color.

B) lung disorders.

C) arthritis.

D) an increase in blood pressure.

E) All of the above.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

33. The allowable concentration of CO in air is 35 ppm. _____ molecules of CO can exist in an air sample that contains 5.0 × 10¹⁵ air molecules without exceeding this limit.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.3

34. Which of the following molecules contributes to acid rain formation in the atmosphere?

A) O₃

B) SO₂

C) CO

D) CH₄

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

35. _____ is the formula of the acid that forms when SO₂ mixes with O₂ and water in the atmosphere.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.3

36. What is the lowest recorded pH of rainwater in the United State, and in which city did the rain fall?

A) 4.5; Miami, FL

B) 1.5; Wheeling, WV

C) 2.6; Columbus, OH

D) 7.8; Salt Lake City, UT

E) 6.0; Pittsburgh, PA

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

37. The majority of SO₂ released into the atmosphere comes from

A) diesel powered trucks.

B) cars.

C) cows.

D) termites.

E) coal fired power plants.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

38. The majority of electricity generation in the United States comes from

A) renewables.

B) nuclear energy.

C) natural gas.

D) coal.

E) petroleum.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

39. Which of the following compounds is used to remove SO₂ from flue gases in coal-fired power plants?

A) NO₂

B) C₈H₁₈

C) CH₄

D) O₃

E) CaCO₃

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.3

40. CaSO₄ is formed in the flue gas desulfurization reaction that is used to remove SO₂ from flue gases in coal fired power plants. What is typically done with the large amounts of CaSO₄ that are formed?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It is used to make drywall.

41. Anthracite coal is the most energy rich type of coal. Why is it used the least often?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It is only found in small pockets in the Northeast of the United States.

42. What are two reasons that coal is considered to be a “dirty” energy source?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: It releases both mercury and SO₂ into the environment.

43. _____ and _____ react with SO₂ in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.3

44. _____ is the chemical reaction that takes place in many flue gas desulfurization processes.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.3

45. What type of coal contains the most sulfur and where in the U.S. is this type located?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Bituminous coal; it is found in the Midwest and Eastern parts of the United States.

46. Why is acid rain a more significant problem in New England than in other parts of the country?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.3

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The SO₂ produced from coal plants in the Ohio Valley is carried by the wind to New England where it reacts in the atmosphere to form acid rain.

47. Most nitrogen in the nitrogen cycle exists in the

A) air.

B) water.

C) land.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.4

48. The two compounds that were discussed in your text as being the primary contributors to acid rain are _____ and _____.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank

section: 10.4

49. What happens during nitrogen fixation?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.4

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Inert nitrogen in the air reacts to become part of other substances.

50. Explain the term eutrophication. What substance usually occurs in excess, leading to eutrophication? What substance is depleted during eutrophication?

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Essay

section: 10.4

Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Excess nitrogen in natural waters can lead to rapid growth of certain organisms. Large numbers of these organisms can deplete oxygen in the water, leaving other organisms without enough oxygen to survive.

51. What is “elephant snot?”

A) Mucus produced by people who have had significant exposure to atmospheric pollution.

B) The slimy covering that blankets trees and other plants in areas that are exposed to high levels of sulfur dioxide.

C) Filamentous green algae that grows on the bottom of lakes that have experienced acidification.

D) The build-up of decayed fish and other aquatic animals that die and drop to the bottom of lakes, streams, or rivers after the pH has dropped due to the effects of acid rain.

chaptername: 10

questiontype: Multiple Choice

section: 10.5