Waldron Exam Prep Chapter 8 Water Human & Planet Needs - 21st Century Chemistry 2e Complete Test Bank by Kimberley Waldron. DOCX document preview.
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Chapter: Chapter 8
Multiple Choice, Essay, Fill-In-The-Blank
1. What is the greatest contributor to an individual’s water footprint?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Water used for irrigation
2. Estimate which of the following contributes the least to an individual’s water footprint.
A) drinking water
B) showering
C) watering the lawn
D flushing the toilet
E) buying and eating bacon for breakfast
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
3. During water treatment, how is small debris removed from unclean water?
A) by adding chlorine
B) by adding fluorine
C) by adding a flocculent
D) by passing the water through a screen
E) All of the above.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
4. The term potable means
A) able to be carried.
B) safe to drink.
C) filled with salt.
D) containing debris.
E) heavy.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
5. Most countries that lack safe drinking water do not desalinate water that may be present in a nearby ocean because
A) it is too hard to remove fish and other wildlife.
B) it is easier to collect and use rainwater. Plus, rainwater is free and readily available.
C) desalination doesn’t remove bacteria.
D) desalination plants are expensive to build and use large amounts of energy to operate.
E) None of the above.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
6. About how much of the water present on Earth is salt water?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%
E) 97%
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
7. Which of the following countries has the largest water footprint?
A) China
B) South Africa
C) Norway
D) United States
E) Greenland
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
8. True or False: The best way to reduce your water footprint is to drink coffee instead of water.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
9. True or False: To maintain optimal health, an adult should consume 64 ounces of water per day.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
10. True or False: The amount of potable water is about 3% of the total water on Earth.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
11. True or False: The amount of water used per day by the average U.S. citizen is about the same as the amount used to fill an Olympic sized swimming pool.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
12. Of the 3% of fresh water available on Earth, where does the majority of this water exist?
A) in the air as water vapor
B) in groundwater aquifers
C) in lakes and rivers
D) in glaciers and snow
E) in swimming pools
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
13. The change of phase from water vapor to snow is called
A) evaporation.
B) precipitation.
C) condensation.
D) sublimation.
E) melting.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
14. A superfund site is
A) a large place to store water.
B) an abandoned place where hazardous materials are located.
C) a river that is conducive to rowing.
D) a land operation that is used to remove salt from water.
E) an estuary from which salt water has been removed.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
15. Two sources of pollution that contaminated Newton Creek outside of New York City were
A) raw sewage and oil refineries.
B) an oil spill and nuclear waste.
C) run off from nearby chicken farms and coal fired power plants.
D) fertilizer run off and lack of good circulation.
E) acidification and cow manure.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
16. _________ is a source of freshwater for many people on Earth.
A) Evaporation
B) Sublimation
C) Snow melt
D) Condensation
E) Ocean water
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
17. What two countries have the largest global water footprint?
A) Russia and China
B) The United States and Mauritania in West Africa
C) Australia and India
D) Greenland and Paraguay
E) Mexico and Canada
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
18. When a gas becomes a liquid, this phase change is called
A) evaporation.
B) sublimation.
C) condensation.
D) freezing.
E) melting.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
Ans.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.1
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Ice is less dense than water, so it weighs less per volume than water.
20. True or False: All drinking water in the United States, regardless of source, must pass through a water treatment plant.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
21. Order these steps of water treatment: _____, _____, _____, _____, _____.
A) Add chlorine in the form of Cl2 to disinfect the water.
B) Pass the water through a screen to remove large debris
C) Pass the water through sand and gravel to remove any remaining small particles
D) Add a flocculent to remove small particles
E) Add fluorine ions to prevent tooth decay
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 8.1
22. During water purification, _________ is added to remove viruses and bacteria.
A) NaCl
B) F2
C) N2
D) CH4
E) Cl2
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.1
23. If salt water is 3.5% salt by mass, _____ grams of salt will exist in 100.0 mL of salt water.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 8.2
24. If salt water is 3.5% salt by mass, _____ grams of salt are in one liter of salt water.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Fill-In-The-Blank
section: 8.2
25. True or False: Intermolecular forces are a type of covalent bond.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
26. Intermolecular forces
A) connect the two hydrogen atoms in a water molecule together.
B) hold one water molecule to its neighboring molecules.
C) are about 50 times stronger than covalent bonds in water molecules.
D) exist only between hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
E) are the reason why it is so expensive to desalinate water.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
27. True or False: The isotopes of hydrogen exist in the same ratio, regardless of the geographic location of the hydrogen atom.
A) True
B) False
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
28. The strongest type of intermolecular force is
A) ion-dipole forces.
B) dipole-dipole forces.
C) hydrogen bonding.
D) ionic bonding.
E) covalent bonding.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
29. The electron density in the water molecule
A) is concentrated at the center of the molecule.
B) is localized near the oxygen atom.
C) is centered near each hydrogen atom.
D) is distributed evenly through the entire molecule.
E) alternates from one side of the molecule to another.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
30. A hydrogen bond
A) forms between two hydrogen atoms on the same molecule.
B) forms between a hydrogen atom on one molecule and a N, O or F atom on another molecule.
C) forms between a hydrogen atom at one end of a molecule and a C atom at the other end of the same molecule.
D) is generally stronger than an ionic bond.
E) causes the boiling point of water to be lower than that of most other substances.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
31. A molecule that is polar will
A) have a balanced distribution of electrons.
B) always contain a hydrogen atom.
C) have an unevenness of electrical charge.
D) be less dense in its solid form than its liquid form.
E) experience hydrogen bonding.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.2
32. Describe a dipole-dipole interaction. Give examples of two molecules that would exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Dipole-dipole interactions exist between molecules that have an unevenness of electrical charge. Water is an example of a molecule that exhibits dipole-dipole interactions. NH3, ammonia, would also exhibit dipole-dipole interactions.
33. Explain why liquid water is denser than ice.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The hexagonal lattice that is formed in ice has empty spaces within it, making ice less dense than water.
34. Explain why a molecule of acetone will not form hydrogen bonds with other acetone molecules, even though acetone contains both hydrogen and oxygen atoms.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The oxygen atom in acetone is not covalently bonded to a hydrogen atom, so the oxygen does not pull electron density away from the hydrogen. In order to form a hydrogen bond, a molecule must have a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to an N, O or F atom. In acetone, the hydrogen atoms are not bonded to any of these atoms.
35. Acetone boils at a lower temperature than water does, even though its molar mass is greater than that of water. Explain why this is so.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Acetone does not contain hydrogen bonds. The intermolecular forces that exist between acetone molecules are weaker than the hydrogen bonding that exists between water molecules, so acetone will boil at a lower temperature because it is easier to disrupt the forces between molecules.
36. Will ammonia, NH3, experience hydrogen bonding? Why or why not?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Yes, ammonia will experience hydrogen bonding because hydrogen is bonded to a nitrogen atom, which will create hydrogen bonding between ammonia molecules.
37. Methane, CH4, is a nonpolar molecule. Ammonia, NH3, is a polar molecule. Explain this difference.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.2
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: In methane, each hydrogen atom pulls electron density away from the central carbon atom to an equal degree. Thus there is no unbalance of electron density. However in the ammonia molecule, the lone pair of electrons on the central nitrogen atom create an area of high electron density that is not balanced by an area of positive charge elsewhere in the molecule, so this molecule is polar.
38. How does heating water on your stove help to convert liquid water into steam? Why is your stove necessary for this process?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The conversion of liquid water to steam is an endothermic process, which means that heat must be added in order for it to occur.
39. Which of the following phase transitions will require the input of heat?
A) sublimation
B) condensation
C) evaporation
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.3
40. How does the formation of ice crystals in a hurricane create strong winds?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The formation of ice crystals produce heat, which causes the air to expand and the winds to rise.
41. Explain why the temperature of a substance stays constant during a phase change, such as when ice melts.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: During a phase change energy must be added to a substance in order to disrupt the intermolecular forces between the molecules. In ice, heat must be added to break the hydrogen bonds between molecules, so the heat is not available to increase the temperature of the substance. Thus the temperature of the substance stays constant during a phase change.
42. The melting point of a substance is 134°C. What phase is this substance in at room temperature?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The substance will be a solid at room temperature.
43. The boiling point of a substance is 212 K. What phase will this substance be in at 25°C?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: The substance will be a gas at 25°C.
44. 100 g of a certain substance has a sloped liquid region on its heating curve that is steeper than that for water. Predict whether this substance will vaporize more easily or less easily than 100 g of water.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.3
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: This substance will vaporize more easily than water, since less heat will have to be added in order for it to become a gas.
45. (Use the data in Figure 8.16) Assuming the same daytime temperature, predict which of the following cities would have the lowest nighttime temperature.
A) Wheeling, WV
B) Toronto, CN
C) Seattle, WA
D) Phoenix, AZ
E) Boston, MA
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.3
46. Which city would you expect to have the lower atmospheric pressure: New York City or Denver, CO?
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Essay
section: 8.4
Feedback: The answer should include the following information: Denver will have the lower atmospheric pressure because it is at a higher altitude.
47. At which location will a pot of pasta take the longest time to cook?
A) Denver, CO
B) Mt. Everest
C) Salt Lake City, Utah
D) Boston, MA
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.4
48. During a phase change, which is true?
A) Intermolecular hydrogen bonds can be broken
B) Ionic bonds are broken in a salt or other ionic compound
C) Non-polar covalent bonds can become polar covalent bonds
D) Polar covalent bonds are disrupted
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.4
49. Which of the following elements, when present in high enough concentration, can stain the color of the teeth?
A) calcium
B) magnesium
C) zinc
D) lithium
E) fluorine
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.4
50. What is the reason that some counties in Texas have lower crime rates than other counties across the state?
A) The police force in these areas has begun a rehabilitation program that has drastically reduced crime in certain areas
B) Local drinking water contains lithium which is an element normally found in drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders
C) Prisons located in these counties have severe penalties for even the lowest level misdemeanors
D) Citizens in these counties spend significantly more on firearms per year than the average Texas citizen.
chaptername: 8
questiontype: Multiple Choice
section: 8.4
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