Chapter 10
The Senses
True / False Questions
1. | Pain sensations arising from visceral organs may be caused by the stretching of tissues.
True False |
2. | Referred pain occurs when the brain projects the sensation back to the original source in the body from which the pain originated.
True False |
3. | Nerve impulses from taste receptors can travel in the facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves.
True False |
4. | The auditory ossicles are located in the inner ear.
True False |
5. | The utricle and saccule contain the sensory receptors associated primarily with the sense of dynamic equilibrium.
True False |
6. | Tears contain an enzyme that reduces the chances of developing an eye infection.
True False |
7. | When the radial muscles of the iris contract, the diameter of the pupil decreases.
True False |
8. | Rods are more sensitive to light than cones, but cones are important for color vision.
True False |
9. | The conjunctiva lines the inner surface of the eyelid and covers the anterior surface of the sclera.
True False |
10. | Acute pain fibers are unmyelinated and produce a dull aching sensation.
True False |
11. | The sense of taste is slow to adapt, so every bite of your favorite food tastes as good as the first.
True False |
12. | Taste sensation is conducted to the limbic system and does not pass through the thalamus.
True False |
13. | The auditory tube connects the inner ear to the nasopharynx and functions to equalize air pressure.
True False |
14. | Auditory ossicles amplify vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear.
True False |
15. | Proprioceptors provide sensory input that influences the sense of equilibrium.
True False |
16. | The conjunctiva forms part of the eyelid.
True False |
17. | The conjunctiva covers the entire anterior surface of the eyeball.
True False |
18. | An artery and vein pass through the optic disc.
True False |
19. | The optic disc contains only rods and is known as the blind spot.
True False |
20. | Rods are photoreceptors that provide black and white vision.
True False |
21. | The photoreceptors that provide color vision are called cones.
True False |
22. | The fovea centralis contains a high concentration of rods.
True False |
23. | Fibers from the lateral half of each retina cross the optic chiasma to the opposite side of the brain.
True False |
24. | At the optic chiasma, all the optic nerve fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain.
True False |
Multiple Choice Questions
25. | The olfactory receptors are examples of
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26. | Pain receptors
A. | are generally stimulated by factors that can damage tissues. |
C. | are among the most specialized receptors. |
D. | are widely distributed in the nerve tissues of the brain. |
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27. | The following brain structures that contain pain receptors are
A. | meninges on the surface of the brain only. |
B. | blood vessels in the brain only. |
C. | meninges on the surface of the brain and blood vessels in the brain. |
D. | neither meninges on the surface of the brain nor blood vessels in the brain. |
E. | nervous tissue in the brain. |
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28. | The visual disturbance and limb numbness a person with a migraine experiences is probably caused by
A. | cerebral blood flow deficiency. |
B. | contraction of skeletal muscles associated with the scalp. |
C. | excess blood pulsating through cranial vessels. |
D. | vasodilation of cerebral vessels. |
E. | increased blood flow in the skin of the scalp. |
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29. | If you enter a fish market and smell the strong fishy odor, but the odor quickly seems to fade away, you have experienced
A. | damage to your sensory receptors. |
C. | a change in the concentration of the substance you smelled. |
D. | a change in the room temperature. |
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30. | Olfactory receptor cells are best described as
A. | connective tissue cells. |
B. | squamous epithelial cells. |
C. | columnar epithelial cells. |
E. | modified smooth muscle cells. |
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31. | Anosmia is a loss of the sense of
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32. | Taste receptors are
A. | found only on the tongue. |
C. | modified connective tissue cells. |
D. | modified epithelial cells. |
E. | found only on the cheeks and roof of the mouth. |
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33. | Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation?
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34. | The hearing receptors are contained in the
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35. | The range of human hearing is about ________ cycles per second.
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36. | The auditory nerve pathways carry impulses to the auditory cortices in the
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37. | The auditory ossicles are located in the
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38. | Blowing the nose improperly may cause an infection in the auditory tube to spread to the
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39. | Which of the following would cause a form of conductive hearing impairment?
A. | torn tympanic membrane |
C. | damage to the cochlear hair cells |
D. | damage to the acoustic nerve |
E. | damage to the temporal lobe |
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40. | The auditory tube connects the throat with the
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41. | The ampullae are swellings containing sensory receptors associated with
D. | the semicircular canals. |
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42. | Which of the following correctly lists the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?
A. | cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor |
B. | aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor |
C. | vitreous humor, lens, aqueous humor, cornea |
D. | cornea, lens, aqueous humor, vitreous humor |
E. | aqueous humor, vitreous humor, cornea, lens |
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43. | Which of the following is part of the inner layer of the eye?
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44. | The lens of the eye thickens when the
A. | suspensory ligaments pull on the lens capsule. |
B. | ciliary processes relax. |
C. | ciliary muscles relax. |
D. | ciliary muscles contract. |
E. | circular fibers of the iris contract. |
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45. | The sets of color receptors (cones) in the retina contain photopigments that are
C. | green, yellow and purple. |
D. | orange, green and purple. |
E. | red, yellow and green. |
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46. | Rods in the retina contain the pigment
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47. | Worldwide, blindness is most commonly caused by changes in the
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48. | A cornea transplant is likely to work if the donated tissue includes
B. | a cornea from an immunologically matched donor. |
C. | stem cells from the limbus. |
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49. | Treatment for cataract involves removal of the ________ and replacement with an artificial one.
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50. | Glaucoma is usually caused by
B. | clouding of the lens capsule. |
C. | accumulation of vitreous humor. |
D. | accumulation of aqueous humor. |
E. | loss of transparency of the cornea. |
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51. | Night blindness is most commonly caused by
B. | damage to the optic nerve. |
C. | a deficiency if vitamin A in the diet. |
D. | a toxic effect of excess vitamin A. |
E. | loss of cones from the retina. |
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52. | Floaters that cast shadows on the visual receptors are usually located in the
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53. | The region of receptors in the retina that gives the sharpest vision is the
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54. | The ability of the nervous system to become less responsive to a maintained stimulus is called _____________.
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55. | Often pain caused by a heart attack is interpreted by the brain as coming from the left arm. This is called _____________.
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56. | Where are olfactory receptors located?
A. | in the olfactory bulbs |
C. | in the superior region of the nasal cavity |
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57. | Gustatory receptors are examples of ________.
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58. | The primary taste sensation most sensitive to certain amino acids is _________.
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59. | The tip of the tongue is most sensitive to _________.
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60. | Which of the following nerves is NOT involved in taste sensation?
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61. | The inner ear is located in which cranial bone?
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62. | Which auditory ossicle is attached directly to the eardrum?
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63. | Auditory ossicles are part of the __________ ear.
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64. | Which auditory ossicle is attached by ligaments to the oval window?
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65. | Where is the spiral organ located?
A. | in the scala vestibuli |
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66. | When stimulated, what is the immediate response of the spiral organ's hair cells?
A. | stimulation of motor neurons in the auditory nerve |
C. | release of neurotransmitter to sensory neurons |
D. | vibration of the auditory ossicles |
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67. | Hair cells of the spiral organ are embedded in this membrane and depolarize in responses to sound.
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68. | The ability to maintain posture and balance when the body is at rest is due to ___________.
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69. | Tears are produced by the ________.
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70. | The structure(s) that detect(s) motion of the head is/are ____________.
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71. | The bacteriocidal enzyme contained in tears is called ________.
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72. | The choroid coat, ciliary body and iris are components of this layer of the eye.
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73. | Both near and far vision are possible because the lens can change shape, a phenomenon called ___________.
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74. | When the lens of the eye has a more rounded shape, which statement is true?
A. | Eye fatigue is more likely because ciliary muscle fibers are contracted. |
B. | Eye fatigue is unlikely because ciliary muscle fibers are relaxed. |
C. | Suspensory ligaments are stretched taut as the ciliary muscle fibers contract. |
D. | Suspensory ligaments have less tension due to relaxation of ciliary muscle fibers. |
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75. | This condition is usually without symptoms in early stages and develops when aqueous humor is formed faster than it is removed.
D. | Leber congenital amaurosis |
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76. | This muscle rotates the eye upward and toward the midline.
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77. | This muscle rotates the eye downward and toward the midline.
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78. | This muscle rotates the eye toward the midline.
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79. | This muscle rotates the eye downward and away from the midline.
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80. | This muscle rotates the eye upward and away from the midline.
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81. | Similar to cerebrospinal fluid production, this watery secretion is manufactured constantly, helps nourish the lens and cornea, and helps maintain the shape of the front of the eye.
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82. | In darkness or conditions of dim light, ________ muscles of the iris are stimulated to contract, which ________ the pupil.
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83. | The optic disc, fovea centralis, and macula lutea are all structures found in this inner layer of the eye.
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84. | The region of the retina that produces the sharpest vision is the __________.
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85. | Sympathetic nerve fibers are responsible for contraction of these muscle fibers in the iris.
A. | muscle fibers of the circular group |
B. | muscle fibers of the radial group |
C. | muscle fibers of the autonomic group |
D. | muscle fibers of the choroid group |
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86. | Which structure is NOT responsible for refraction of light?
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87. | Why is reading a book only possible when looking directly at the printed page?
A. | Peripheral photoreceptors are not stimulated. |
B. | The printed image in focus is projected to the area of keenest vision. |
C. | The printed image in focus is projected to the area of highest concentration of cones. |
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88. | What vitamin is necessary for the manufacture of photopigments like rhodopsin?
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Check All That Apply Questions
89. | Which is associated with static equilibrium?
____ saccule
____ utricle
____ macula
____ semicircular ducts |
90. | To gaze upward and to the right, which eye muscles would be used by the right eye? (Choose all that apply.)
____ superior rectus
____ medial rectus
____ lateral rectus
____ superior oblique
____ inferior oblique |
Matching Questions
91. | Match the receptor to its stimulus.
1. chemoreceptors | changes in concentration of certain chemicals | ____ | 2. photoreceptors | tissue damage | ____ | 3. pain receptors | changes in temperature | ____ | 4. thermoreceptors | changes in pressure or movement | ____ | 5. mechanoreceptors | light | ____ |
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92. | Match the sensation to the receptors.
1. Meissner's corpuscle | sensation of itching | ____ | 2. free nerve ending | sensation of light touch | ____ | 3. Lamellated (Pacinian) corpuscles | sensation of deep pressure | ____ |
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Fill in the Blank Questions
93. | Receptors stimulated by changes in temperature are called ___________.
________________________________________ |
94. | The process by which the brain causes a sensation to seem to come from the stimulated receptors is called _____________.
________________________________________ |
95. | Pain that feels like it is coming from a part other than the part being stimulated is called __________ pain.
________________________________________ |
96. | The _______ is the ossicle that transmits vibrations to the inner ear through the oval window.
________________________________________ |
97. | The transparent, anterior portion of the eye's outer layer is called the _______________.
________________________________________ |
98. | The adjustment of the thickness of the lens to make close vision possible is called ______________.
________________________________________ |