Animal Architecture – Ch9 | Test Bank – 18th Ed

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MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1) Which statement most closely represents the diversity of animal patterns resulting from the Cambrian time period?

A) The Cambrian saw the first animal ancestor; all animal architecture dates back to these fossils.
B) About 33 phyla evolved by the end of the Cambrian and there are now perhaps 100 phyla that have radiated from them.
C) About 100 phyla evolved by the end of the Cambrian and there are now about 33 surviving animal phyla.
D) Through the Cambrian, only non-animal ancestors existed, but after that time nearly 100 phyla evolved.

2) A blastula develops into which state as the gut cavity develops?

A) It remains in the blastula stage.
B) gastrula
C) acoelomate
D) pseudocoelomate

3) You are viewing an organism under a low power microscope. Even though you are viewing just one cell you notice organization, distinct supportive structures and locomotor devices. Which creature are you likely viewing?

A) a hydra
B) an amoeba
C) an earthworm
D) an insect

4) Which of the following is an example of tissue-organ grade of organization?

A) a flatworm
B) a jellyfish
C) a colonial protozoan, such as Volvox
D) a sponge

5) Which gives the correct sequence of increasing organizational complexity?

A) organ, tissue, cell, organ system, organism
B) cell, organ, organ system, tissue, organism
C) cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
D) organism, tissue, cell, organ system, organ

6) As an animal increases in size

A) body length increases in direct proportion to body volume.
B) body length increases more rapidly than body volume.
C) body length increases more slowly than body volume.
D) None of the choices is correct.

7) Which of the following represent(s) a consequence of surface-area-to-volume ratio?

A) When both a large and small bird of the same species hit a microwave tower while migrating at night, the small bird is more likely to die from loss of heat before it can recover from the mild trauma
B) A cup of tea poured from a large teapot cools off faster than the larger amount of tea left in the teapot
C) An amoeba needs no gills or lungs, an amphibian needs some small gills or lungs, but a horse needs substantial lung surface
D) All of the choices represent factors directly related to the surface-area-to-volume ratio

8) The two major fluid compartments of the metazoan body are

A) the extracellular space and the interstitial space.
B) the extracellular space and the intracellular space.
C) the extracellular space and the intercellular space.
D) None of the choices is correct.

9) Which of the following is NOT a correct association of the supportive material of an organism and its function?

A) The cuticle of an insect provides protection.
B) Cartilage of chordates provides stability and protection.
C) Loose connective tissue generally holds the body together.
D) Blood plasma is an important hydrostatic fluid in mammals.
E) Bone provides stability and protection as well as a storage place for minerals

10) The study of tissue types and functions is

A) physiology.
B) histology.
C) molecular biology.
D) entomology.

11) Which type of tissue lines body cavities and covers body surfaces?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue

12) Epithelial tissue is classified into

A) muscle and nervous tissues.
B) loose and tight connective tissues.
C) simple and stratified epithelia.
D) primary and secondary epithelia.

13) Which tissue includes the epidermis?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue

14) Blood is an example of a tissue known as

A) connective.
B) circulatory.
C) epithelial.
D) muscular.

15) Which tissue includes bone and cartilage?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue

16) Which of the following is NOT a function of connective tissue?

A) line body surfaces and cavities
B) bind and support body parts
C) store energy (e.g., fat)
D) produce blood cells

17) Which of the following statements about connective tissue is NOT true?

A) Connective tissues contain cells capable of differentiating into muscle and bone in animals that can regenerate these tissues.
B) Loose connective tissue contains fibroblasts, different kinds of fibers, and a nonliving matrix.
C) Blood is a connective tissue that contains a fluid matrix.
D) Collagen is a fat molecule with little tensile strength but great stretching ability.

18) Which of the following statements is NOT true about cartilage?

A) Collagen in cartilage is otherwise a relatively rare substance in animals.
B) Cartilage is a semi-rigid form of connective tissue with packed fibers embedded in a gel-like matrix.
C) The matrix of cartilage includes collagen and elastic fibers.
D) The skeleton of the human fetus is originally made up of cartilage.

19) Which of the following types of tissue provides movement for and throughout the entire body?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) neuroglia tissue

20) You are viewing an unknown tissue sample with a light microscope. You note that the unknown sample has multinucleate cells and appears transversely striped. What type of tissue are you viewing?

A) Smooth muscle
B) Adipose tissue
C) Skeletal muscle
D) Cardiac muscle

21) Nervous tissue is made of

A) only neurons.
B) only neuroglia.
C) brain cells and neurons.
D) neurons and neuroglia.

22) Which tissue receives, interprets, and produces a response to stimuli?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) epithelial tissue
D) connective tissue

23) Animals with bilateral symmetry

A) can be divided into similar halves by any plane through the longitudinal axis.
B) are usually very slow-moving organisms.
C) are relatively simple in structure.
D) are better adapted for directed forward movement than radially symmetrical organisms.

24) Which of these is NOT one of the characteristics of a vertebrate?

A) radial symmetry
B) segmentation
C) extreme cephalization
D) coelom

25) Flatworms have

A) radial symmetry.
B) a tube-within-a-tube body plan.
C) aeucoelomate body plan.
D) None of the choices is correct.

26) Vertebrates have

A) bilateral symmetry.
B) eucoelomate body plan.
C) tube-within-a-tube body plan.
D) All of the choices are correct.

27) A basketball would represent

A) bilateral symmetry.
B) radial symmetry.
C) spherical symmetry.
D) total lack of symmetry since it is not living.

28) A view of an x-ray looking straight at a person's lung and heart would represent a view of the

A) sagittal plane.
B) transverse plane.
C) frontal plane.
D) lateral plane.

29) A slice through the head that shows a sideways view of the nasal and throat passages would be on a

A) sagittal plane.
B) transverse plane.
C) pectoral plane.
D) frontal plane.

30) Your nose would be considered

A) medial, anterior, and dorsal.
B) medial, anterior, and ventral.
C) medial, posterior, and ventral.
D) lateral, anterior, and ventral.

31) Your fingers would be considered

A) anterior and distal.
B) medial and distal.
C) lateral and distal.
D) posterior and distal.

32) Animals that have one solid mass of tissue rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are

A) acoelomate.
B) eucoelomate.
C) pseudocoelomate.
D) coelomate.

33) You are studying an animal in the zoology lab and your lab partner is convinced it is a pseudocoelomate. Which of the following findings would support her conclusions?

A) The animal is triploblastic.
B) The animal has organs in a cavity that is incompletely lined with mesoderm.
C) The animal has no organs, just a solid mass of cells in the body cavity.
D) The animal has organs in a cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm.

34) You are studying an animal in the zoology lab and your lab partner is convinced it is a eucoelomate. Which of the following findings would support her conclusions?

A) The animal is diploblastic.
B) The animal has organs in a cavity that is incompletely lined with mesoderm.
C) The animal has no organs, just a solid mass of cells in the body cavity.
D) The animal has organs in a cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm.

35) Which of the following is NOT an advantage of having a true coelom?

A) In some animals, sperm and eggs can be stored before they are released.
B) The digestive system can be coiled and provide greater surface area.
C) Muscle contractions against the fluid chambers are absorbed to dampen their effect.
D) In some animals, fluids here can assist respiration and circulation, and accumulate metabolic wastes.

36) An enterocoelous animal has

A) a true coelom.
B) a pseudocoelom.
C) no coelom.
D) a false coelom.

37) Which of the following is NOT a statement about metamerism?

A) The insect head, which appears today to be just one segment, is thought to have evolved from many segments with the "legs" of those segments becoming the modern insects' mouthparts.
B) Millipedes have two pair of legs per segment and centipedes have one pair per segment; some evolutionarily biologists suggest two segments may have become fused to form one with two pair of legs each.
C) Leeches appear to have many external segments but internal inspection reveals fewer segments partitioned by full body septa.
D) Each time a rattlesnake sheds its skin, it adds another segment to its tail rattle.

38) Which is NOT a factor in cephalization?

A) improving food procurement by moving the mouth to the region of greatest sensing
B) directed movement through an environment
C) concentration of sensory organs at the point first likely to encounter the environment
D) concentration of the sensory organs to increase sexual copulatory function

39) Diploblastic organisms lack which germ layer(s)?

A) endoderm
B) ectoderm
C) mesoderm
D) mesoderm and endoderm

FILL IN THE BLANK. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.
40) The grouping of single cells into definite patterns or layers represents the level of organization called the _______ grade of organization.

41) An animal that possesses an ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm is called _________________.

42) Differentiation of a head end (found mainly in bilaterally symmetrical animals) is called _________.

43) Similar cells grouped together to perform a common function are called a ____________.

44) The study of tissues is called ________________.

45) The tissue type composed of fibers and fixed and wandering cells suspended in a fluid matrix is _________ connective tissue.

46) _________________ is a fibrous protein found in connective tissue, and probably the most abundant protein in the animal kingdom.

47) A variety of nonnervous cells that insulate neurons and serve various supportive functions is _________.

48) In animal anatomy, the term that designates the back side of an animal is _____________.

49) In animal anatomy, distal parts are farther from the middle of the body than are __________ parts.

50) A ________ plane divides an animal into right and left halves.

51) The chest region, or the region of the body supported by the front legs, is called ___________.

52) The type of body cavity that represents a persistent blastocoel is the _____________.

53) The eucoelomate bilateria are those animals that possess a true ___________ or body cavity lined with mesodermal peritoneum.

54) Serial repetition of similar body segments along the longitudinal axis of the body is called ___________.

55) True metamerism (segmentation) is found only in Annelida, Arthropoda, and _____________.